Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625499
N. Medvedeva, Y. Polyak, I. Kuzikova
Seawater contamination with mustard gas and its derivatives substantially affects marine microorganisms. The mustard gas hydrolysis products (MGHPs) cause depletion of the species composition of microbiocenosis, as suggested by decreases in the Shannon and Pielou indices and the increase in the dominance index. Significant ecological shifts manifested as the decrease in the similarity indices. Decreased bacterial diversity suggests growth of a tolerant opportunistic species. From among bacterial cultures tolerant to mustard gas hydrolysis products the MGHPs-degrading microorganisms were isolated. The isolates were identified as Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, or Pseudomonas spp. The main properties of these microorganisms are the tolerance to MGHPs, and the ability to utilize thiodiglycol. MGHPs-degrading bacteria can use mustard gas hydrolysis products as the sole source of carbon and energy at the organochlorine substances and thiodiglycol concentrations up to 240 mg/l and 6 g/l, respectively. The results suggest a potential for MGHPs biodegradation by natural occurring populations of near-bottom water and sediment microorganisms. Reduction in the species diversity of the marine microbiota suggests a decrease in the stability of the biosystem as a whole.
{"title":"Effect of dumped chemical weapon on the Baltic Sea microbiota","authors":"N. Medvedeva, Y. Polyak, I. Kuzikova","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625499","url":null,"abstract":"Seawater contamination with mustard gas and its derivatives substantially affects marine microorganisms. The mustard gas hydrolysis products (MGHPs) cause depletion of the species composition of microbiocenosis, as suggested by decreases in the Shannon and Pielou indices and the increase in the dominance index. Significant ecological shifts manifested as the decrease in the similarity indices. Decreased bacterial diversity suggests growth of a tolerant opportunistic species. From among bacterial cultures tolerant to mustard gas hydrolysis products the MGHPs-degrading microorganisms were isolated. The isolates were identified as Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, or Pseudomonas spp. The main properties of these microorganisms are the tolerance to MGHPs, and the ability to utilize thiodiglycol. MGHPs-degrading bacteria can use mustard gas hydrolysis products as the sole source of carbon and energy at the organochlorine substances and thiodiglycol concentrations up to 240 mg/l and 6 g/l, respectively. The results suggest a potential for MGHPs biodegradation by natural occurring populations of near-bottom water and sediment microorganisms. Reduction in the species diversity of the marine microbiota suggests a decrease in the stability of the biosystem as a whole.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89569812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625570
T. Torsvik
A large number of high-speed ferry crossings occur in the Tallinn Bay area during the summer season. It is well known that the wakes from such ferries constitute a considerable additional wave load to the coastal region, with different properties from wind generated waves and waves from conventional ships. Waves in this area have been studied with the use of pressure sensors at particular locations, and provide valuable data for assessing the ship wave component of the wave load. Recent numerical simulations show that there is considerable spatial variation in the wave load at the coast due to topographic effects and ship maneuvering. This results in wave focusing and shadow areas on different parts of the coast. It is therefore believed that the previous studies may have missed some ldquohotspotsrdquo for the coastal wave impact. We analyze spatial patterns and far field properties of the long-wave part of wakes of fast ferries in Tallinn Bay with use of the Boussinesq-type shallow-water model COULWAVE forced by realistic ship motions. The calculated heights of ship waves exhibit substantial spatial variability. The largest waves were created when the ship sailing to Tallinn entered into supercritical regime when moving over the coastal slope. The maximum wave height eventually reached 3 m whereas along other sections of the track the wave height was about 1 m. The highest waves hit the area of Pirita Beach that apparently has much larger ship wave loads than the adjacent sections of the Viimsi Peninsula.
{"title":"Spatial variation in high-speed ferry wakes in the Tallinn Bay area","authors":"T. Torsvik","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625570","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of high-speed ferry crossings occur in the Tallinn Bay area during the summer season. It is well known that the wakes from such ferries constitute a considerable additional wave load to the coastal region, with different properties from wind generated waves and waves from conventional ships. Waves in this area have been studied with the use of pressure sensors at particular locations, and provide valuable data for assessing the ship wave component of the wave load. Recent numerical simulations show that there is considerable spatial variation in the wave load at the coast due to topographic effects and ship maneuvering. This results in wave focusing and shadow areas on different parts of the coast. It is therefore believed that the previous studies may have missed some ldquohotspotsrdquo for the coastal wave impact. We analyze spatial patterns and far field properties of the long-wave part of wakes of fast ferries in Tallinn Bay with use of the Boussinesq-type shallow-water model COULWAVE forced by realistic ship motions. The calculated heights of ship waves exhibit substantial spatial variability. The largest waves were created when the ship sailing to Tallinn entered into supercritical regime when moving over the coastal slope. The maximum wave height eventually reached 3 m whereas along other sections of the track the wave height was about 1 m. The highest waves hit the area of Pirita Beach that apparently has much larger ship wave loads than the adjacent sections of the Viimsi Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89624853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625548
V. Paka, V. Zhurbas
Reliable estimate of eddy diffusivity in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) of the Bornholm Deep is the issue of practical importance because it would control dispersion of the chemical warfare agents dumped in the Deep after WW II [Helcom, 1994]. The most common way to arrive at an estimate of the eddy diffusivity, K is to apply a well-known parameterization of mixing in the Baltic halocline due to internal wave instability suggested by [A. Stigebrandt, 1987] K = min(Kmax, alpha/N), where Kmax is the maximum value of K, N is the buoyancy frequency, and alpha =1times10-7 m2 s-2 [H.E.M. Meier, 2007] or alpha = 0.87times10-7 m2 s-2 [H.-U. Lass, 2003] is the empirical constant. Taking NBBL =0.02 s-1 for near-bottom layer and Nhalocline =0.03 s-1 for the halocline in the Bornholm Deep [J. Elken, 1996] one obtains KBBL= 0.5times10-5 m2 s-1 and Khalocline = 0.33times10-5 m2 s-1. However, the above estimate of KBBL does not take into account the possibility of enhancement of eddy diffusivity in BBL due shear instability of the near-bottom current and a variety of mechanisms of boundary mixing [J.H. Reissmann, 2007]. Numerical simulations based on the Princeton Ocean Model with a second and a half moment turbulence closure by Mellor and Yamada [1982] embedded brought for eddy diffusivity in the Bornholm Deep BBL and the BBL thickness the values of KBBL1= 2.5times10-4 m2 s-1 and hBBL1 = 2 m respectively. Eddy diffusivity in the Bornholm Deep BBL can be also estimated using data of tow-yo CTD profiling in a near-bottom layer performed aboard R/V Shelf in Summer 2006.
{"title":"Estimates of eddy diffusivity in bottom boundary layer of the Bornholm Deep","authors":"V. Paka, V. Zhurbas","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625548","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable estimate of eddy diffusivity in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) of the Bornholm Deep is the issue of practical importance because it would control dispersion of the chemical warfare agents dumped in the Deep after WW II [Helcom, 1994]. The most common way to arrive at an estimate of the eddy diffusivity, K is to apply a well-known parameterization of mixing in the Baltic halocline due to internal wave instability suggested by [A. Stigebrandt, 1987] K = min(K<sub>max</sub>, alpha/N), where K<sub>max</sub> is the maximum value of K, N is the buoyancy frequency, and alpha =1times10<sup>-7</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-2</sup> [H.E.M. Meier, 2007] or alpha = 0.87times10<sup>-7</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-2</sup> [H.-U. Lass, 2003] is the empirical constant. Taking N<sub>BBL</sub> =0.02 s<sup>-1</sup> for near-bottom layer and N<sub>halocline</sub> =0.03 s<sup>-1</sup> for the halocline in the Bornholm Deep [J. Elken, 1996] one obtains K<sub>BBL</sub>= 0.5times10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and K<sub>halocline</sub> = 0.33times10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. However, the above estimate of K<sub>BBL</sub> does not take into account the possibility of enhancement of eddy diffusivity in BBL due shear instability of the near-bottom current and a variety of mechanisms of boundary mixing [J.H. Reissmann, 2007]. Numerical simulations based on the Princeton Ocean Model with a second and a half moment turbulence closure by Mellor and Yamada [1982] embedded brought for eddy diffusivity in the Bornholm Deep BBL and the BBL thickness the values of K<sub>BBL1</sub>= 2.5times10<sup>-4</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and h<sub>BBL1</sub> = 2 m respectively. Eddy diffusivity in the Bornholm Deep BBL can be also estimated using data of tow-yo CTD profiling in a near-bottom layer performed aboard R/V Shelf in Summer 2006.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88711070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625525
U. Suursaar, A. Kont, T. Kullas, K. Orviku, R. Rivis, H. Tõnisson
A 5-month long record on currents, waves and other hydrological variables was obtained by means of Recording Doppler Current Profilers (RDCP) 1.5 km off the Kelba spit of Saaremaa Island over a period from December 2006 to May 2007. A parallel study of coastal changes was based on orthophotos and the measurements of beach ridges, as well as on the GPS measurements made in 2005, 2006 and 2007 to identify changes in the shoreline and scarp contours and positions. The results suggest that the major changes in coastline at Harilaid Peninsula occur mainly during infrequent but strong storms, e.g. such as the January storm (Gudrun) in 2005. During the measurement period, a strong storm event occurred, too. At Vilsandi station, the maximum wind speed reached 23 m/s (gusts up to 33 m/s) on 15 January 2007 and the maximum sea level at Ristna tide gauge reached 171 cm. The RDCP mooring site fell into accumulation zone, where downward fluxes dominated and fine sand settled. The currents at the RDCP location were not large, but the significant wave height reached 3.2 m in the 14 m deep mooring site and the maximum wave height was 4.6 m. It appeared that in Estonian coastal waters, the Doppler-based vertical velocity measurements reflect the site-dependent equilibrium between resuspension and sedimentation. The GPS measurements taken between summers 2005, 2006 and 2007 show that the tip of the Kelba spit has shifted from north back to north-east. As a result of the single storm, the distal part of the spit has advanced by 50-60 m and its area has increased by 4500 m2. At Cape Kiipsaare, as it also has happened during previous large storms, a clear retreat of the shoreline in the western, north-western (30-50 meters), and north-eastern parts has occurred.
{"title":"Waves, currents and their relationships with coastal processes near Kelba Spit (Saaremaa Island) on the basis of RDCP measurements","authors":"U. Suursaar, A. Kont, T. Kullas, K. Orviku, R. Rivis, H. Tõnisson","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625525","url":null,"abstract":"A 5-month long record on currents, waves and other hydrological variables was obtained by means of Recording Doppler Current Profilers (RDCP) 1.5 km off the Kelba spit of Saaremaa Island over a period from December 2006 to May 2007. A parallel study of coastal changes was based on orthophotos and the measurements of beach ridges, as well as on the GPS measurements made in 2005, 2006 and 2007 to identify changes in the shoreline and scarp contours and positions. The results suggest that the major changes in coastline at Harilaid Peninsula occur mainly during infrequent but strong storms, e.g. such as the January storm (Gudrun) in 2005. During the measurement period, a strong storm event occurred, too. At Vilsandi station, the maximum wind speed reached 23 m/s (gusts up to 33 m/s) on 15 January 2007 and the maximum sea level at Ristna tide gauge reached 171 cm. The RDCP mooring site fell into accumulation zone, where downward fluxes dominated and fine sand settled. The currents at the RDCP location were not large, but the significant wave height reached 3.2 m in the 14 m deep mooring site and the maximum wave height was 4.6 m. It appeared that in Estonian coastal waters, the Doppler-based vertical velocity measurements reflect the site-dependent equilibrium between resuspension and sedimentation. The GPS measurements taken between summers 2005, 2006 and 2007 show that the tip of the Kelba spit has shifted from north back to north-east. As a result of the single storm, the distal part of the spit has advanced by 50-60 m and its area has increased by 4500 m2. At Cape Kiipsaare, as it also has happened during previous large storms, a clear retreat of the shoreline in the western, north-western (30-50 meters), and north-eastern parts has occurred.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87816615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625489
G. Gogoberidze
For elaboration of strategy of sustainable coastal region development itpsilas very important to know a real potential of development of the region including estimation of the marine resources. As such parameter it is possible to use the concept of marine economy and resource potential of the coastal region which can be presented as united value of comprehensive characteristics of environment, socio-economic and political profits (damages) from coastal planning decisions. Some present results include example of the comprehensive estimation on the basic of the Baltic coastal regions.
{"title":"Comprehensive estimation of marine economy and resource potential of coastal region","authors":"G. Gogoberidze","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625489","url":null,"abstract":"For elaboration of strategy of sustainable coastal region development itpsilas very important to know a real potential of development of the region including estimation of the marine resources. As such parameter it is possible to use the concept of marine economy and resource potential of the coastal region which can be presented as united value of comprehensive characteristics of environment, socio-economic and political profits (damages) from coastal planning decisions. Some present results include example of the comprehensive estimation on the basic of the Baltic coastal regions.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88852921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625546
A. Erm, V. Alari, T. Kõuts
In this study we propose a scheme of sediments transport in Tallinn Bay. Our previous works used optical methods to estimate that fast ferries bring into motion of the order of nearly 10,000 kg of sediments per running meter of coastline per year. But the question is still open, where the sediments will be transported and which part of them will be carried out of the coastal zone. We used an Aanderaa sonde RDCP 600 to measure the wakespsila velocity and direction near the most endangered coast. The results were somewhat unexpected - the near bottom velocity (~0.1 m/s) was typical for the Tallinn Bay, but for all the measurements the direction was not along the shore but 45deg from the shore line. That means the sediments brought into motion by the fast ferries will quickly and irreversibly be transported away from the coast to the deeper (20-50 m) sea areas. Wave parameters were recorded and analyzed during the experiment also. Ferry wakes were categorized by the height as well by the period.
{"title":"Transport of sediments resuspended by ferries","authors":"A. Erm, V. Alari, T. Kõuts","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625546","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we propose a scheme of sediments transport in Tallinn Bay. Our previous works used optical methods to estimate that fast ferries bring into motion of the order of nearly 10,000 kg of sediments per running meter of coastline per year. But the question is still open, where the sediments will be transported and which part of them will be carried out of the coastal zone. We used an Aanderaa sonde RDCP 600 to measure the wakespsila velocity and direction near the most endangered coast. The results were somewhat unexpected - the near bottom velocity (~0.1 m/s) was typical for the Tallinn Bay, but for all the measurements the direction was not along the shore but 45deg from the shore line. That means the sediments brought into motion by the fast ferries will quickly and irreversibly be transported away from the coast to the deeper (20-50 m) sea areas. Wave parameters were recorded and analyzed during the experiment also. Ferry wakes were categorized by the height as well by the period.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86028850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625551
J. Elken, T. Kõuts, P. Lagemaa, U. Lips, U. Raudsepp, G. Väli
Following the operational observing system development under BOOS and application of local stand-alone coastal circulation models, acquisition of HIROMB forecasts started regularly in 2005. The forecasts, working on-line with the operational observations (automatic coastal stations and recently, also FerryBox), proved very useful in numerous cases, especially during storm surges and broadcasting relevant warnings well in advance of critical floodings. For the intermediate and downstream services that require resolving of detailed patterns of mesoscale and coastal circulation, installation and application of 0.5-mile resolution HIROMB started in 2007. The system is integrated with the Baltic-wide HIROMB and is driven by sub-regional HIRLAM weather data with enhanced resolution, forecasted and delivered by the Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.
{"title":"Sub-regional observing and forecast system for the NE Baltic: Needs and first results","authors":"J. Elken, T. Kõuts, P. Lagemaa, U. Lips, U. Raudsepp, G. Väli","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625551","url":null,"abstract":"Following the operational observing system development under BOOS and application of local stand-alone coastal circulation models, acquisition of HIROMB forecasts started regularly in 2005. The forecasts, working on-line with the operational observations (automatic coastal stations and recently, also FerryBox), proved very useful in numerous cases, especially during storm surges and broadcasting relevant warnings well in advance of critical floodings. For the intermediate and downstream services that require resolving of detailed patterns of mesoscale and coastal circulation, installation and application of 0.5-mile resolution HIROMB started in 2007. The system is integrated with the Baltic-wide HIROMB and is driven by sub-regional HIRLAM weather data with enhanced resolution, forecasted and delivered by the Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78989064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625562
K. Soetje
In order to maximise the benefit from existing national and European resources in operational oceanography the existing EU- wide marine observation systems have to be integrated in order to harmonise the flow of real time and near real time observational data. Using well defined standards, the EU-projects ECOOP (European coastal-shelf sea operational and forecasting program)and SeaDataNet design and implement an European data management system (EDMS) which is able to follow the developments of the EU- projects MERSEA, and SEP RISE, taking into account the upcoming methods of the INSPIRE directive. The EDMS is designed to ensure proper and maximum real time and near real time delivery of observational data pan-European wide, including river run-off data and real time delivery of remote sensing data. The quality of real time and near real time observational data is ensured by a series of protocols regulating the operational activity from collection, data transmission, evaluation, and dissemination. The EDMS is intending to be a high level service for the exchange of observational data avoiding diversity in data management systems for upcoming projects. It will be a basis for the EU marine observation and data network (EMODNET) following the "Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union ("The Blue Book"). The paper will give an impression of the techniques, the metadata interface, the common vocabulary and the connection to the information system to be used to come up from the BOOS data management system to a pan-European solution.
{"title":"To be on the right path from BOOS to an integrated pan-European marine data management system","authors":"K. Soetje","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625562","url":null,"abstract":"In order to maximise the benefit from existing national and European resources in operational oceanography the existing EU- wide marine observation systems have to be integrated in order to harmonise the flow of real time and near real time observational data. Using well defined standards, the EU-projects ECOOP (European coastal-shelf sea operational and forecasting program)and SeaDataNet design and implement an European data management system (EDMS) which is able to follow the developments of the EU- projects MERSEA, and SEP RISE, taking into account the upcoming methods of the INSPIRE directive. The EDMS is designed to ensure proper and maximum real time and near real time delivery of observational data pan-European wide, including river run-off data and real time delivery of remote sensing data. The quality of real time and near real time observational data is ensured by a series of protocols regulating the operational activity from collection, data transmission, evaluation, and dissemination. The EDMS is intending to be a high level service for the exchange of observational data avoiding diversity in data management systems for upcoming projects. It will be a basis for the EU marine observation and data network (EMODNET) following the \"Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union (\"The Blue Book\"). The paper will give an impression of the techniques, the metadata interface, the common vocabulary and the connection to the information system to be used to come up from the BOOS data management system to a pan-European solution.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"177 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75386266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625494
B. Ward, T. Fristedt
The Air-Sea Interaction Profiler (ASIP) is an autonomous profiling instrument for upper ocean measurements. The measurements from ASIP are well suited to enhancing research on air-sea interfacial and near surface processes. Autonomous profiling is accomplished with a thruster, which submerges ASIP to a programmed depth. Once this depth is reached the positively buoyant instrument will ascend to the surface acquiring data. ASIP can profile from a maximum depth of 100 m to the surface, allowing both mixed layer and near-surface measurements to be conducted. The sensor payload on ASIP include microstructure sensors (two shear probes and a thermistor); a slow response accurate thermometer; a pair of conductivity sensors; pressure for a record of depth; PAR for measurements of light absorption in the water column. Other non-environmental sensors are acceleration, rate, and heading for determination of vehicle motion. Power is provided with rechargable lithium-ion batteries, supplying 1000 W hr, allowing approximately 300 profiles. ASIP also contains an Iridium/GPS system, which allows realtime reporting of its position.
{"title":"Air-Sea Interaction Profiler: Autonomous upper ocean measurements","authors":"B. Ward, T. Fristedt","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625494","url":null,"abstract":"The Air-Sea Interaction Profiler (ASIP) is an autonomous profiling instrument for upper ocean measurements. The measurements from ASIP are well suited to enhancing research on air-sea interfacial and near surface processes. Autonomous profiling is accomplished with a thruster, which submerges ASIP to a programmed depth. Once this depth is reached the positively buoyant instrument will ascend to the surface acquiring data. ASIP can profile from a maximum depth of 100 m to the surface, allowing both mixed layer and near-surface measurements to be conducted. The sensor payload on ASIP include microstructure sensors (two shear probes and a thermistor); a slow response accurate thermometer; a pair of conductivity sensors; pressure for a record of depth; PAR for measurements of light absorption in the water column. Other non-environmental sensors are acceleration, rate, and heading for determination of vehicle motion. Power is provided with rechargable lithium-ion batteries, supplying 1000 W hr, allowing approximately 300 profiles. ASIP also contains an Iridium/GPS system, which allows realtime reporting of its position.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74528518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625500
Y. Polyak, N. Medvedeva, T. Zaytseva
Our research revealed changes in the composition of the Baltic Sea microbial populations, namely, an increase in numbers of the physiological group of microorganisms that develop owing to organic compounds contaminating chemical weapon dump sites. We found that mustard gas hydrolysis products (MGHPs) - tolerant microorganisms were predominant in nearbottom water in many stations in the Baltic Sea dumping areas. The proportion of this group of indicator bacteria both in the total number of microorganisms and the amount of heterotrophic bacteria tended to increase. Comparison of the number of the indicator bacteria with the total number of heterotrophs allowed estimating the degree of contamination of marine ecosystem and characterizing the response of microbiota to the effect of warfare agents. Microbiological investigations revealed the concentration of MGHPs-tolerant microorganisms up to 20 - 98% of total number of heterotrophs in Gotland Deep, Strait of Skagerrack and Bornholm Basin. The ldquoabnormalrdquo sites characterized with a poor spectrum of heterotrophic microorganisms. At some stations the dominance of minimal number of species in near-bottom waters was observed. The species diversity of the microbial population in the dump sites was reduced because of an increase in the number of MGHPs-tolerant microorganisms. Thus, high number of microorganisms tolerant to MGHPs in near-bottom waters indicates possible leaking of CW agents into the environment and contamination of water and sediments with mustard gas and products of its hydrolysis in dumping areas.
{"title":"Microbial indicators of contamination of water and sediments by warfare agents in Baltic Sea dump sites","authors":"Y. Polyak, N. Medvedeva, T. Zaytseva","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625500","url":null,"abstract":"Our research revealed changes in the composition of the Baltic Sea microbial populations, namely, an increase in numbers of the physiological group of microorganisms that develop owing to organic compounds contaminating chemical weapon dump sites. We found that mustard gas hydrolysis products (MGHPs) - tolerant microorganisms were predominant in nearbottom water in many stations in the Baltic Sea dumping areas. The proportion of this group of indicator bacteria both in the total number of microorganisms and the amount of heterotrophic bacteria tended to increase. Comparison of the number of the indicator bacteria with the total number of heterotrophs allowed estimating the degree of contamination of marine ecosystem and characterizing the response of microbiota to the effect of warfare agents. Microbiological investigations revealed the concentration of MGHPs-tolerant microorganisms up to 20 - 98% of total number of heterotrophs in Gotland Deep, Strait of Skagerrack and Bornholm Basin. The ldquoabnormalrdquo sites characterized with a poor spectrum of heterotrophic microorganisms. At some stations the dominance of minimal number of species in near-bottom waters was observed. The species diversity of the microbial population in the dump sites was reduced because of an increase in the number of MGHPs-tolerant microorganisms. Thus, high number of microorganisms tolerant to MGHPs in near-bottom waters indicates possible leaking of CW agents into the environment and contamination of water and sediments with mustard gas and products of its hydrolysis in dumping areas.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80922755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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