Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942874
D. Fehrenbacher, G. Krauss, D. Brida, C. Riek, A. Sell, R. Huber, A. Leitenstorfer
The generation of phase-locked pulses with a well-defined electric field is essential for applications like high harmonic pulse generation [1] or precision metrology [2]. Active and passive locking schemes have been widely demonstrated utilizing Ti:sapphire technology. However, active stabilization requires cumbersome feedback loops and a locking of fCEO = 0 is very challenging at the full repetition rate of the laser.
{"title":"All passively phase-locked Er:fiber laser system","authors":"D. Fehrenbacher, G. Krauss, D. Brida, C. Riek, A. Sell, R. Huber, A. Leitenstorfer","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942874","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of phase-locked pulses with a well-defined electric field is essential for applications like high harmonic pulse generation [1] or precision metrology [2]. Active and passive locking schemes have been widely demonstrated utilizing Ti:sapphire technology. However, active stabilization requires cumbersome feedback loops and a locking of fCEO = 0 is very challenging at the full repetition rate of the laser.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943489
F. Silva, P. Bates, A. Esteban-Martín, M. Ebrahim-Zadeh, A. Grun, S. Cousin, J. Biegert
Few-cycle pulses centered at long wavelengths with stable carrier envelope phase are increasingly sought after for a range of strong-field physics and spectroscopic applications. The generation of such pulses at central wavelengths up to 1.8 µm is well-known [1], however at longer wavelengths non-collinear optical parametric amplifiers must be used to maintain bandwidth. Using the idler from such a non-collinear interaction always implies an angularly dispersed pulse, requiring complicated and lossy compensation strategies [2] which limit scalability to higher energies.
{"title":"Scalable collinear BiB3O6 OPA for few-cycle CEP stable pulses at 2.1 µm","authors":"F. Silva, P. Bates, A. Esteban-Martín, M. Ebrahim-Zadeh, A. Grun, S. Cousin, J. Biegert","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943489","url":null,"abstract":"Few-cycle pulses centered at long wavelengths with stable carrier envelope phase are increasingly sought after for a range of strong-field physics and spectroscopic applications. The generation of such pulses at central wavelengths up to 1.8 µm is well-known [1], however at longer wavelengths non-collinear optical parametric amplifiers must be used to maintain bandwidth. Using the idler from such a non-collinear interaction always implies an angularly dispersed pulse, requiring complicated and lossy compensation strategies [2] which limit scalability to higher energies.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89379031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943199
C. Aguergaray, V. Kruglov, J. Harvey
Recent studies have revealed an important type of optical pulse (similaritons) with parabolic profiles and linear frequency chirps that propagate in optical fiber amplifiers with constant and distributed gain [1]. In recent papers the effect of third-order fiber dispersion (TOD) on similariton pulse propagation has been studied in fibre amplifiers, and in mode-locked lasers [2]. In fact, the impact of TOD on parabolic pulses propagation is to generate optical shock-type instabilities as shown in Fig.1 (a) [3, 4].
{"title":"Propagation and break-up of pulses in fiber amplifiers with third-order dispersion","authors":"C. Aguergaray, V. Kruglov, J. Harvey","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943199","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have revealed an important type of optical pulse (similaritons) with parabolic profiles and linear frequency chirps that propagate in optical fiber amplifiers with constant and distributed gain [1]. In recent papers the effect of third-order fiber dispersion (TOD) on similariton pulse propagation has been studied in fibre amplifiers, and in mode-locked lasers [2]. In fact, the impact of TOD on parabolic pulses propagation is to generate optical shock-type instabilities as shown in Fig.1 (a) [3, 4].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88168986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943675
T. Birks, B. Mangan, A. Díez, J. Cruz, S. Leon-Saval, J. Bland-Hawthorn, Dominic F. Murphy
We report progress towards multimode (MM) fibre filters for suppressing the OH emission that hinders ground-based observation of the early Universe. Fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) can filter these narrow spectral lines in single-mode (SM) fibres [1]. Implementing them in MM fibres well-matched to astronomical instruments requires transitions between the MM fibre and several SM fibres [2]. Such hand-crafted “photonic lanterns” require many identical FBGs to be made and spliced in place. Instead we are pursuing the idea in multicore (MC) fibres, Fig. 1(a). The FBG is written at once in all the SM cores. The fibre is jacketed with low-index glass and tapered to form the core and cladding of a MM fibre, giving a monolithic FBG filter with conventional MM ports. Such a device can stand alone, or be incorporated into more elaborate instruments [3, 4].
{"title":"Multicore optical fibres for astrophotonics","authors":"T. Birks, B. Mangan, A. Díez, J. Cruz, S. Leon-Saval, J. Bland-Hawthorn, Dominic F. Murphy","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943675","url":null,"abstract":"We report progress towards multimode (MM) fibre filters for suppressing the OH emission that hinders ground-based observation of the early Universe. Fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) can filter these narrow spectral lines in single-mode (SM) fibres [1]. Implementing them in MM fibres well-matched to astronomical instruments requires transitions between the MM fibre and several SM fibres [2]. Such hand-crafted “photonic lanterns” require many identical FBGs to be made and spliced in place. Instead we are pursuing the idea in multicore (MC) fibres, Fig. 1(a). The FBG is written at once in all the SM cores. The fibre is jacketed with low-index glass and tapered to form the core and cladding of a MM fibre, giving a monolithic FBG filter with conventional MM ports. Such a device can stand alone, or be incorporated into more elaborate instruments [3, 4].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89238587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942777
K. Mikami, S. Motokoshi, M. Fujita, T. Jitsuno, K. Tanaka, H. Azechi
In institute of laser engineering, Osaka university, a new high-power laser system by active mirrors with cryogenic cooled Yb:YAG ceramics have been developed for nuclear fusion driver. Because the quasi-three-level nature of Yb at room temperature becomes almost purely four-level at 77 K, the cryogenic cooled Yb:YAG laser system had the slope-efficient of 91.9 %[1]. Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of optical elements is one of important properties because the output power of laser systems is limited by the LIDTs. However, influence of temperature on LIDT is not known well.
{"title":"Temperature dependence of laser-induced damage thresholds for dielectric and metal coatings","authors":"K. Mikami, S. Motokoshi, M. Fujita, T. Jitsuno, K. Tanaka, H. Azechi","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942777","url":null,"abstract":"In institute of laser engineering, Osaka university, a new high-power laser system by active mirrors with cryogenic cooled Yb:YAG ceramics have been developed for nuclear fusion driver. Because the quasi-three-level nature of Yb at room temperature becomes almost purely four-level at 77 K, the cryogenic cooled Yb:YAG laser system had the slope-efficient of 91.9 %[1]. Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of optical elements is one of important properties because the output power of laser systems is limited by the LIDTs. However, influence of temperature on LIDT is not known well.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90701012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942567
M. Marconi, M. Giudici, S. Barland, J. Javaloyes, S. Balle
Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) may exhibit bistability between two orthogonal polarization emissions [1]. Hysteresis has been reported in a narrow range of pumping current [2]. In this contribution we consider a VCSEL with negligible dichroism, where bistability is extended to the whole range of biasing current, from threshold to absolute maximum biasing rate. In practice two polarisation-resolved light-current curves coexist (Fig.1). The polarization emission state can be controlled by perturbing the VCSEL with crossed polarisation reinjection (XPR) pulses or feedback pulses. While an XPR pulse may induce a jump from situation depicted by Fig. 1, left panel, to situation depicted in Fig. 1, right panel, a feedback pulse can induce the reverse jump of the polarisation state. The temperature of the device can be used as a second parameter in order to vary the degree of stability of one component with respect to the other. We are not aware of any previous observation of such robust polarisation bistability.
{"title":"Polarization dynamics of VCSELs with optical feedback and XPR","authors":"M. Marconi, M. Giudici, S. Barland, J. Javaloyes, S. Balle","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942567","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) may exhibit bistability between two orthogonal polarization emissions [1]. Hysteresis has been reported in a narrow range of pumping current [2]. In this contribution we consider a VCSEL with negligible dichroism, where bistability is extended to the whole range of biasing current, from threshold to absolute maximum biasing rate. In practice two polarisation-resolved light-current curves coexist (Fig.1). The polarization emission state can be controlled by perturbing the VCSEL with crossed polarisation reinjection (XPR) pulses or feedback pulses. While an XPR pulse may induce a jump from situation depicted by Fig. 1, left panel, to situation depicted in Fig. 1, right panel, a feedback pulse can induce the reverse jump of the polarisation state. The temperature of the device can be used as a second parameter in order to vary the degree of stability of one component with respect to the other. We are not aware of any previous observation of such robust polarisation bistability.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90986908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943196
A. Klenke, E. Seise, J. Limpert, A. Tunnermann
Coherent combining of ultrashort pulses from spatially separated amplifiers is a novel approach to scale the average power and peak power of laser systems. For continuous-wave and Q-switched laser systems this is a widely known concept. Recently, this approach was adapted to femtosecond CPA systems in a low power proof of principle experiment [1]. Compared to the CW and Q-switched case, additional aspects have to be considered when combining femtosecond pulses, such as dispersion management and the impact of nonlinear effects. This is especially true for fiber based systems.
{"title":"Basic consideration on coherent combining of ultrafast CPA amplifiers","authors":"A. Klenke, E. Seise, J. Limpert, A. Tunnermann","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943196","url":null,"abstract":"Coherent combining of ultrashort pulses from spatially separated amplifiers is a novel approach to scale the average power and peak power of laser systems. For continuous-wave and Q-switched laser systems this is a widely known concept. Recently, this approach was adapted to femtosecond CPA systems in a low power proof of principle experiment [1]. Compared to the CW and Q-switched case, additional aspects have to be considered when combining femtosecond pulses, such as dispersion management and the impact of nonlinear effects. This is especially true for fiber based systems.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"62 1-2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91165339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942783
O. Lupan, T. Pauporté, B. Viana
Nanowires (NW) based light emitting diodes (LEDs) have drawn large interest due to many advantages compared to thin film devices. Marked improved performances are expected from nanostructured active layers for light emission. Nanowires can act as direct waveguides and favor light extraction without use of lens and reflectors. Moreover, the use of wires avoids the presence of grain boundaries and then the emission efficiency is boosted by the absence of non-radiative recombinations at the joint defects. Electrochemical deposition technique, an original low-temperature growth method from solution, was used for the preparation of highly efficient ZnO-NW based LEDs [1]. Electrodeposition has proven to be interesting for the epitaxial growth of ZnO on several p-type SC and in particular p-GaN.
{"title":"ZnO-based nanowires for hybrid low-voltage LED","authors":"O. Lupan, T. Pauporté, B. Viana","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942783","url":null,"abstract":"Nanowires (NW) based light emitting diodes (LEDs) have drawn large interest due to many advantages compared to thin film devices. Marked improved performances are expected from nanostructured active layers for light emission. Nanowires can act as direct waveguides and favor light extraction without use of lens and reflectors. Moreover, the use of wires avoids the presence of grain boundaries and then the emission efficiency is boosted by the absence of non-radiative recombinations at the joint defects. Electrochemical deposition technique, an original low-temperature growth method from solution, was used for the preparation of highly efficient ZnO-NW based LEDs [1]. Electrodeposition has proven to be interesting for the epitaxial growth of ZnO on several p-type SC and in particular p-GaN.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91244567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942987
M. Jacquot, R. Lavrov, J. Oden, Y. Chembo, M. Nguimdo, P. Colet, L. Larger
Electro-optic nonlinear delay dynamics are one of the main alternative approach to external cavity semiconductor lasers, in the context of experimental optical chaos communications setups. In the frame of a recently accomplished European project (PICASSO, FP6-IST-2006-34551), we have demonstrated state of the art performances with a novel electro-optic approach involving the generation of chaotic optical phase broadband carrier from delayed nonlinear non-local feedback oscillator, capable of high quality distant chaos synchronization over a bandwidth exceeding 15 GHz. Our latest investigations were concerned by the demonstration of unprecedented 10Gb/s field experiment of optical chaos communication, by the investigation of the critical dispersion issues in broadband electro-optic optical chaos, and by the implementation of flexible and reliable physical key-components based security, as well as by the study of the enhanced robustness versus time delay identification for the non-local phase chaos dynamics driven by a pseudo random bit sequence.
{"title":"Field experiment optical chaos communication @ 10Gb/s demonstrating electro-optic phase chaos principles","authors":"M. Jacquot, R. Lavrov, J. Oden, Y. Chembo, M. Nguimdo, P. Colet, L. Larger","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942987","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-optic nonlinear delay dynamics are one of the main alternative approach to external cavity semiconductor lasers, in the context of experimental optical chaos communications setups. In the frame of a recently accomplished European project (PICASSO, FP6-IST-2006-34551), we have demonstrated state of the art performances with a novel electro-optic approach involving the generation of chaotic optical phase broadband carrier from delayed nonlinear non-local feedback oscillator, capable of high quality distant chaos synchronization over a bandwidth exceeding 15 GHz. Our latest investigations were concerned by the demonstration of unprecedented 10Gb/s field experiment of optical chaos communication, by the investigation of the critical dispersion issues in broadband electro-optic optical chaos, and by the implementation of flexible and reliable physical key-components based security, as well as by the study of the enhanced robustness versus time delay identification for the non-local phase chaos dynamics driven by a pseudo random bit sequence.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89468532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943303
S. Aljunid, Jianwei Lee, Martin Paesold, B. Chng, G. Maslennikov, C. Kurtsiefer
It was recently shown that a single atom can efficiently scatter photons out of a focused coherent light beam [1, 2, 3]. The scattering probability is strongly dependent on a thermal motion of the atom and can be maximized if the atom is well localized at a focus. To achieve that, we implement a Raman sideband cooling technique that is commonly used in ion traps [4]. Our trap, formed by focused Gaussian light beam at 980nm, has characteristic frequencies of ντ = 55 kHz and νl = 7 kHz corresponding to transverse and longitudinal confinements. A single 87Rb atom is loaded into the trap from an optical molasses. Two Raman beams couple the motional states of |F = 2〉 and |F = 1〉 manifolds with a Lamb-Dicke parameter η = 0.084 (Figure 1). The Raman beams are oriented such that momentum transfer occurs only along the strong confinement of the trap with ντ = 55 kHz. The cooling sequence consists of following steps: (1) initial preparation of the atom in |F = 2,mF = −2〉 Zeeman state, (2) Raman transfer between the motional states |F = 2,mF = −2,N〉 and |F = 1,mF = −1,N − 1〉. (3) recycling the atomic population back to |F = 2,mF = −2〉 state via an optical pulse resonant to |5P3/2, F = 2〉 state thus removing a phonon via spontaneous emission.
{"title":"Vibrational ground state cooling of a neutral atom in a tightly focused optical dipole trap","authors":"S. Aljunid, Jianwei Lee, Martin Paesold, B. Chng, G. Maslennikov, C. Kurtsiefer","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943303","url":null,"abstract":"It was recently shown that a single atom can efficiently scatter photons out of a focused coherent light beam [1, 2, 3]. The scattering probability is strongly dependent on a thermal motion of the atom and can be maximized if the atom is well localized at a focus. To achieve that, we implement a Raman sideband cooling technique that is commonly used in ion traps [4]. Our trap, formed by focused Gaussian light beam at 980nm, has characteristic frequencies of ν<inf>τ</inf> = 55 kHz and ν<inf>l</inf> = 7 kHz corresponding to transverse and longitudinal confinements. A single <sup>87</sup>Rb atom is loaded into the trap from an optical molasses. Two Raman beams couple the motional states of |F = 2〉 and |F = 1〉 manifolds with a Lamb-Dicke parameter η = 0.084 (Figure 1). The Raman beams are oriented such that momentum transfer occurs only along the strong confinement of the trap with ν<inf>τ</inf> = 55 kHz. The cooling sequence consists of following steps: (1) initial preparation of the atom in |F = 2,m<inf>F</inf> = −2〉 Zeeman state, (2) Raman transfer between the motional states |F = 2,m<inf>F</inf> = −2,N〉 and |F = 1,m<inf>F</inf> = −1,N − 1〉. (3) recycling the atomic population back to |F = 2,m<inf>F</inf> = −2〉 state via an optical pulse resonant to |5P<inf>3/2</inf>, F = 2〉 state thus removing a phonon via spontaneous emission.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89776092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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