Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943101
J. Lhermite, G. Machinet, C. Lecaplain, R. Royon, A. Hideur, É. Cormier
Yb-doped fibers pumped at 976 nm will naturally amplify radiation in the 1020–1080 nm spectral bandwidth. Alternatively, pumping at 915 nm allows producing emission at 976 nm under specific conditions exploiting the three-level operation [1]. Recently, an Yb-doped fiber laser delivering up to 94 W at 976 nm in the continuous-wave regime has been demonstrated [2, 3]. Based on a similar approach, a millijoule-class laser at 976 nm operating in the Q-switch regime with up to 70 W average power has been achieved [4].
{"title":"500 nJ femtosecond fiber laser at 976 nm","authors":"J. Lhermite, G. Machinet, C. Lecaplain, R. Royon, A. Hideur, É. Cormier","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943101","url":null,"abstract":"Yb-doped fibers pumped at 976 nm will naturally amplify radiation in the 1020–1080 nm spectral bandwidth. Alternatively, pumping at 915 nm allows producing emission at 976 nm under specific conditions exploiting the three-level operation [1]. Recently, an Yb-doped fiber laser delivering up to 94 W at 976 nm in the continuous-wave regime has been demonstrated [2, 3]. Based on a similar approach, a millijoule-class laser at 976 nm operating in the Q-switch regime with up to 70 W average power has been achieved [4].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73288081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943694
P. Bienstman, T. Claes, C. Lerma Arce, W. Bogaerts, K. Komorowska, D. van Thourhout
Label-free photonic biosensors can perform sensitive and quantitative multiparameter measurements on biological systems and can therefore contribute to major advances in medical analyses, food quality control, drug development and environmental monitoring. Additionally they offer the prospect of being incorporated in laboratories-on-a-chip that are capable of doing measurements at the point-of-care at an affordable cost. A crucial component in most of these photonic biosensors is a transducer that can transform a refractive index change in its environment to a measurable change in its optical transmission. Silicon-on-insulator is a material system with many assets for such transducers. First, it has a high refractive index contrast permitting very compact sensors of which many can be incorporated on a single chip, enabling multiplexed sensing. Second, silicon-on-insulator photonic chips can be made with CMOS-compatible process steps, allowing for a strong reduction of the chip cost by high volume fabrication. By using ring resonators with high quality factors that have very narrow resonance peaks, the smallest detectable spectral shift can be minimized.
{"title":"Novel ring resonator based biosensors","authors":"P. Bienstman, T. Claes, C. Lerma Arce, W. Bogaerts, K. Komorowska, D. van Thourhout","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943694","url":null,"abstract":"Label-free photonic biosensors can perform sensitive and quantitative multiparameter measurements on biological systems and can therefore contribute to major advances in medical analyses, food quality control, drug development and environmental monitoring. Additionally they offer the prospect of being incorporated in laboratories-on-a-chip that are capable of doing measurements at the point-of-care at an affordable cost. A crucial component in most of these photonic biosensors is a transducer that can transform a refractive index change in its environment to a measurable change in its optical transmission. Silicon-on-insulator is a material system with many assets for such transducers. First, it has a high refractive index contrast permitting very compact sensors of which many can be incorporated on a single chip, enabling multiplexed sensing. Second, silicon-on-insulator photonic chips can be made with CMOS-compatible process steps, allowing for a strong reduction of the chip cost by high volume fabrication. By using ring resonators with high quality factors that have very narrow resonance peaks, the smallest detectable spectral shift can be minimized.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79993115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943417
A. Holleczek, A. Aiello, C. Gabriel, C. Marquardt, G. Leuchs
Cylindrically polarized modes (CPMs) of the electro-magnetic field represent very intriguing configurations of optical beams that exhibit complex non-uniform polarization patterns. Such vector beams possess several interesting features. On the fundamental side, there is a formal analogy to the quantum entangled Bell states [1] of two indistinguishable systems, with the difference that the CPMs are composed of distinguishable systems. On the application side, there is the possibility to be focused beyond the diffraction limit for linearly polarized light [2], underlining their potential impact on applications in lithography, confocal microscopy, optical trapping as well as material processing.
{"title":"Classical and quantum properties of cylindrically polarized beams of light via a Poincaré sphere representation","authors":"A. Holleczek, A. Aiello, C. Gabriel, C. Marquardt, G. Leuchs","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943417","url":null,"abstract":"Cylindrically polarized modes (CPMs) of the electro-magnetic field represent very intriguing configurations of optical beams that exhibit complex non-uniform polarization patterns. Such vector beams possess several interesting features. On the fundamental side, there is a formal analogy to the quantum entangled Bell states [1] of two indistinguishable systems, with the difference that the CPMs are composed of distinguishable systems. On the application side, there is the possibility to be focused beyond the diffraction limit for linearly polarized light [2], underlining their potential impact on applications in lithography, confocal microscopy, optical trapping as well as material processing.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77171668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943435
C. Sayrin, I. Dotsenko, S. Gleyzes, M. Brune, J. Raimond, S. Haroche
Aiming on the preparation of a given physical system in a particular quantum state, we can follow one of several standard approaches. The most straightforward one is to expose the system to a specific coherent evolution that will deterministically bring it into the desired final state. However, in case of microscopic few-particle systems this approach requires very good control of physical parameters at the single particle level. Another method of the state production is based on projective quantum measurements of the system: Quantum Mechanics postulates that the system is randomly projected onto one of the eigenstates of the measurement operator M. By a proper choice of M, the system can end up in the desired state after the measurement. Being less demanding this method is however inherently non-deterministic. To steer the system towards the target state and thus to overcome the randomness of the measurement, we propose to use an active feedback on the system while the measurement is being performed.
{"title":"Quantum feedback for preparation and protection of quantum states of light","authors":"C. Sayrin, I. Dotsenko, S. Gleyzes, M. Brune, J. Raimond, S. Haroche","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943435","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming on the preparation of a given physical system in a particular quantum state, we can follow one of several standard approaches. The most straightforward one is to expose the system to a specific coherent evolution that will deterministically bring it into the desired final state. However, in case of microscopic few-particle systems this approach requires very good control of physical parameters at the single particle level. Another method of the state production is based on projective quantum measurements of the system: Quantum Mechanics postulates that the system is randomly projected onto one of the eigenstates of the measurement operator M. By a proper choice of M, the system can end up in the desired state after the measurement. Being less demanding this method is however inherently non-deterministic. To steer the system towards the target state and thus to overcome the randomness of the measurement, we propose to use an active feedback on the system while the measurement is being performed.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77220312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943622
J. Ou, E. Plum, Liudi Jiang, N. Zheludev
Here we introduce the first mechanically reconfigurable photonic metamaterials with tunable transmission and reflection characteristics provided by nanoscale movements of the components of the metamaterial structure. In the past control of electromagnetic response of metamaterials has only been possible in the terahertz part of the spectrum through micro-electro-mechanically activated motion.
{"title":"Reconfigurable nanostructured photonic metamaterials","authors":"J. Ou, E. Plum, Liudi Jiang, N. Zheludev","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943622","url":null,"abstract":"Here we introduce the first mechanically reconfigurable photonic metamaterials with tunable transmission and reflection characteristics provided by nanoscale movements of the components of the metamaterial structure. In the past control of electromagnetic response of metamaterials has only been possible in the terahertz part of the spectrum through micro-electro-mechanically activated motion.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82202740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943003
E. Seres, C. Spielmann
Time resolved x-ray pump-probe experiments are in the focus of the molecular and atomic physic. The kHz amplifier systems provide good quality short x-ray pulses for pump-probe measurements - but only a low signal/noise ratio due to the low rep rate. There is a demand for a small compact x-ray source with a good temporal resolution and with high repetition rate. A high power oscillator with a few MHz rep rate can solve the problem. An intra-cavity EUV source based on high harmonic generation (HHG) could deliver fs EUV pulses with high average power. The properly out-coupled EUV pulses can be used for spectroscopy, EUV frequency combs, and imaging and inspection of optical components for EUV lithography also [1–3].
{"title":"High-power Ti:sapphire oscillator for a MHz EUV source","authors":"E. Seres, C. Spielmann","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943003","url":null,"abstract":"Time resolved x-ray pump-probe experiments are in the focus of the molecular and atomic physic. The kHz amplifier systems provide good quality short x-ray pulses for pump-probe measurements - but only a low signal/noise ratio due to the low rep rate. There is a demand for a small compact x-ray source with a good temporal resolution and with high repetition rate. A high power oscillator with a few MHz rep rate can solve the problem. An intra-cavity EUV source based on high harmonic generation (HHG) could deliver fs EUV pulses with high average power. The properly out-coupled EUV pulses can be used for spectroscopy, EUV frequency combs, and imaging and inspection of optical components for EUV lithography also [1–3].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943674
A. Manescau, G. Lo Curto, L. Pasquini, J. G. González Hernández, R. Rebolo, T. Steinmetz, R. Probst, R. Holzwarth, T. Wilken, T. Hansch, T. Udem
Radial Velocity measurements have demonstrated to be the most successful way of finding extra solar planets; this technique has reported the larger quantity of exoplanet so far detected. Finding Earth like type exoplanets demands a cm/sec reproducible spectrograph calibration. A Laser Frequency Comb (LFC) calibration system [1], [2] has been developed and tested in several occasions with the HARPS spectrograph [3] at the 3.6m telescope on La Silla ESO Observatory since January 2009. The LFC shows a number of advantages compared to other traditional calibration sources [4].
径向速度测量已被证明是发现太阳系外行星最成功的方法;这项技术报道了迄今为止探测到的大量系外行星。寻找类地系外行星需要厘米/秒的可重复光谱仪校准。自2009年1月以来，激光频率梳(Laser Frequency Comb, LFC)校准系统[1]，[2]已在La Silla ESO天文台3.6m望远镜上的HARPS光谱仪[3]上进行了多次测试。与其他传统校准源相比，LFC显示出许多优势[4]。
{"title":"Approaching cm/sec calibration of high resolution astronomical spectrograph","authors":"A. Manescau, G. Lo Curto, L. Pasquini, J. G. González Hernández, R. Rebolo, T. Steinmetz, R. Probst, R. Holzwarth, T. Wilken, T. Hansch, T. Udem","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943674","url":null,"abstract":"Radial Velocity measurements have demonstrated to be the most successful way of finding extra solar planets; this technique has reported the larger quantity of exoplanet so far detected. Finding Earth like type exoplanets demands a cm/sec reproducible spectrograph calibration. A Laser Frequency Comb (LFC) calibration system [1], [2] has been developed and tested in several occasions with the HARPS spectrograph [3] at the 3.6m telescope on La Silla ESO Observatory since January 2009. The LFC shows a number of advantages compared to other traditional calibration sources [4].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81861889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943060
L. Shao, J. P. Coyle, S. Barry, J. Albert
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have been widely used in refractive-index related measurements, including label-free bio-chemical sensing, because of their high sensitivity and real-time detection capability. It is well established that noble metals, in particular, gold (Au) and silver (Ag), support plasmon resonances that can be tuned throughout the UV-vis-NIR region. However, the plasmonic properties of Cu have not received much attention as compared to Au and Ag because of oxidation of the Cu surfaces [1].
{"title":"Plasmonic properties of copper nanoparticles deposited on tilted fiber bragg gratings","authors":"L. Shao, J. P. Coyle, S. Barry, J. Albert","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943060","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have been widely used in refractive-index related measurements, including label-free bio-chemical sensing, because of their high sensitivity and real-time detection capability. It is well established that noble metals, in particular, gold (Au) and silver (Ag), support plasmon resonances that can be tuned throughout the UV-vis-NIR region. However, the plasmonic properties of Cu have not received much attention as compared to Au and Ag because of oxidation of the Cu surfaces [1].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82115571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943497
R. Iliew, C. Etrich, K. Staliūnas, F. Lederer, O. Egorov
The growing interest in photonic crystals (PhCs) over the last years has led also to nonlinear applications, both with second-order and third-order nonlinearities. In PhCs the properties of light propagation can be tailored to a much wider extent than in homogeneous dielectrics. Recently an all-photonic crystal Fabry-Perot resonator was proposed, where the cavity and mirrors both comprise PhCs [1] (see structure shown in Fig. 1(a)). Because the interior PhC is operating in the subdiffractive regime, angle-independent linear transmission [1] and bistability were obtained [2]. Recently, in the case of a weak 2D periodic dielectric modulation, the peculiar properties of such a nonlinear resonator were used to obtain Bloch cavity solitons with novel properties [3]. Cavity solitons as self-localized nonlinear structures can be used as optical memory cells in future devices [4].
{"title":"Bloch cavity solitons in an all-photonic crystal Fabry-Pérot cavity","authors":"R. Iliew, C. Etrich, K. Staliūnas, F. Lederer, O. Egorov","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943497","url":null,"abstract":"The growing interest in photonic crystals (PhCs) over the last years has led also to nonlinear applications, both with second-order and third-order nonlinearities. In PhCs the properties of light propagation can be tailored to a much wider extent than in homogeneous dielectrics. Recently an all-photonic crystal Fabry-Perot resonator was proposed, where the cavity and mirrors both comprise PhCs [1] (see structure shown in Fig. 1(a)). Because the interior PhC is operating in the subdiffractive regime, angle-independent linear transmission [1] and bistability were obtained [2]. Recently, in the case of a weak 2D periodic dielectric modulation, the peculiar properties of such a nonlinear resonator were used to obtain Bloch cavity solitons with novel properties [3]. Cavity solitons as self-localized nonlinear structures can be used as optical memory cells in future devices [4].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78653181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942668
M. Brandstetter, A. Benz, C. Deutsch, K. Unterrainer, P. Klang, H. Detz, W. Schrenk, A. M. Andrews, G. Strasser
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are the only compact sources of coherent terahertz (THz) radiation. This spectral region is very interesting for various applications like spectroscopy or imaging. Up to now THz QCLs are operating in the regime between 1 and 5 THz. One of the advantages of QCLs is that the wavelength of the device can be tailored by the design of the active region. In addition the waveguide determines the optical properties and the performance of the QCL. A double-metal (DM) waveguide, where the THz radiation is guided in between two metal layers, provides low losses and high confinement of the optical mode. Besides Fabry-Perot cavities also disk- [1] and photonic crystal resonators [2] have been reported. The main reason for the waveguide losses is the absorption of the THz radiation by the metal layers [1].
{"title":"Superconducting waveguides for terahertz quantum cascade lasers","authors":"M. Brandstetter, A. Benz, C. Deutsch, K. Unterrainer, P. Klang, H. Detz, W. Schrenk, A. M. Andrews, G. Strasser","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942668","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are the only compact sources of coherent terahertz (THz) radiation. This spectral region is very interesting for various applications like spectroscopy or imaging. Up to now THz QCLs are operating in the regime between 1 and 5 THz. One of the advantages of QCLs is that the wavelength of the device can be tailored by the design of the active region. In addition the waveguide determines the optical properties and the performance of the QCL. A double-metal (DM) waveguide, where the THz radiation is guided in between two metal layers, provides low losses and high confinement of the optical mode. Besides Fabry-Perot cavities also disk- [1] and photonic crystal resonators [2] have been reported. The main reason for the waveguide losses is the absorption of the THz radiation by the metal layers [1].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76295672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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