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The Status of Canopy Density and above Ground Biomass along the Northern Coastal Forest Zone of Tanzania 坦桑尼亚北部沿海林区的树冠密度和地上生物量状况
Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.4236/OJF.2021.111004
I. H. Hassan, M. Mdemu
Canopy density and forest biomass estimation are critical for understanding of the carbon cycle, climate change and detecting health status of the forest ecosystems. This study was conducted on the coastal forests reserves in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. A systematic sampling design was used to establish a total of 110 temporary sample plots in all study sites. The stratification of the forests was adopted to identify closed forest patches with less anthropogenic effects. The study assessed the forest canopy density and above ground biomass with relative carbon stock for closed forest classes. Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park in Zanzibar recorded higher average canopy densities of 63% followed by Ngezi (46%), Pugu forests (26%) and Kazimzumbwi (16%). However, Ngezi forest had higher forest biomass than all study sites with the overall mean AGB of 138.5 tAGB/ha equivalent to carbon stock of 67.9 tC/ha. Tree species, Bombax rhodognaphala (Msufi mwitu) and Antiaris toxicaria (Mgulele) recorded the highest biomass of 1099 tABG/ha and 703 tAGB/ha (equivalent to 538 tC/ha and (345 tC/ha)) respectively. The study revealed that about 35% of the total closed forest patches at Pugu FR were covered by lower canopy density which accounted about 490 ha. Kazimzumbwi FR was dominated by lower canopy density which represented about 64% of the total forest cover area (1750 ha).
树冠密度和森林生物量估计对于了解碳循环、气候变化和检测森林生态系统的健康状况至关重要。这项研究是在桑给巴尔和坦桑尼亚大陆的沿海森林保护区进行的。采用系统抽样设计,在所有研究地点建立了总共110个临时样本点。采用森林分层来确定人为影响较小的封闭森林斑块。该研究评估了封闭森林类别的森林冠层密度和地上生物量以及相对碳储量。桑给巴尔的Jozani Chwaka湾国家公园的平均树冠密度较高,为63%,其次是Ngezi(46%)、Pugu森林(26%)和Kazimzumbwi(16%)。然而,Ngezi森林的森林生物量高于所有研究地点,总体平均AGB为138.5 tAGB/公顷,相当于67.9 tC/公顷的碳储量。树木种类,Bombax rhognaphala(Msufi mwitu)和Antiaris toxeria(Mgulele)记录的生物量最高,分别为1099 tABG/公顷和703 tAGB/公顷(相当于538 tC/公顷和(345 tC/公顷))。研究表明,Pugu FR约35%的封闭森林斑块被较低的林冠密度覆盖,林冠密度约为490公顷。Kazimzumbwi FR以较低的林冠密度为主,约占总森林覆盖面积(1750公顷)的64%。
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引用次数: 0
Calibration of a Confidence Interval for a Classification Accuracy 分类准确度置信区间的校准
Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.4236/OJF.2021.111002
S. Magnussen
Coverage of nominal 95% confidence intervals of a proportion estimated from a sample obtained under a complex survey design, or a proportion estimated from a ratio of two random variables, can depart significantly from its target. Effective calibration methods exist for intervals for a proportion derived from a single binary study variable, but not for estimates of thematic classification accuracy. To promote a calibration of confidence intervals within the context of land-cover mapping, this study first illustrates a common problem of under and over-coverage with standard confidence intervals, and then proposes a simple and fast calibration that more often than not will improve coverage. The demonstration is with simulated sampling from a classified map with four classes, and a reference class known for every unit in a population of 160,000 units arranged in a square array. The simulations include four common probability sampling designs for accuracy assessment, and three sample sizes. Statistically significant over- and under-coverage was present in estimates of user’s (UA) and producer’s accuracy (PA) as well as in estimates of class area proportion. A calibration with Bayes intervals for UA and PA was most efficient with smaller sample sizes and two cluster sampling designs.
从复杂调查设计下获得的样本估计的比例的名义95%置信区间的覆盖率,或从两个随机变量的比率估计的比例,可能显著偏离其目标。对于由单个二元研究变量衍生的比例的间隔,存在有效的校准方法,但对于主题分类精度的估计却没有。为了在土地覆盖制图的背景下促进置信区间的校准,本研究首先说明了标准置信区间的覆盖不足和覆盖过高的常见问题,然后提出了一种简单而快速的校准方法,这种方法往往会提高覆盖范围。该演示是通过从包含四个类的分类地图中模拟采样进行的,其中一个参考类为排列在正方形阵列中的160,000个单元中的每个单元所知。模拟包括四种用于精度评估的常见概率抽样设计和三种样本量。在估计用户(UA)和生产者的准确性(PA)以及估计班级面积比例方面,都存在统计上显著的覆盖过高和覆盖不足。在较小的样本量和两个聚类抽样设计下,UA和PA的贝叶斯区间校准是最有效的。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of Tree Diversity and Abundance in Rashad Natural Reserved Forest, South Kordofan, Sudan 苏丹南科尔多凡Rashad自然保护林树木多样性和丰富度评估
Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.4236/OJF.2021.111003
Khalid A. E. Eisawi, Hong He, T. Shaheen, E. Yasin
This study aims to estimate the tree diversity status of Rashad Forest Reserves in the Rashad locality of the South Kordofan State of Sudan. For data collection, eight sample plots (20 × 20 m) were taken randomly, and parameters were determined: trees species diversity, composition, relative density, dominance, important value index, and species richness in the Rashad forest reserve. The results show that a total of 237 and 56 tree species, including 22 families, have been identified in the study area. Fabaceae family and species numbers have the highest number of 13 species in 8 genera, followed by Combretaceae with 8 species belonging to 3 different genera, Malvaceae with 5 species belonging to 4 different genera, Apocynaceae with 3 species belonging to 3 different genera. The Arecaceae, Burseraceae, Capparaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, and Rubiaceae families each had two species, and all the other 11 families had one species each. Among the 56 different tree species found within the reserve. The results also indicated that Tamarindus indica L. and Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. had the highest relative density and dominance of 4.64% and 11% respectively. Adansonia digitata L., Grewia villosa Willd, Vepris nobilis (Delile) Mziray had density and dominance of 4.80% and 9%. Followed by Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr, Adansonia digitata L., Catunaregam nilotica (Stapf) Tirveng. (Syn: Xeromphis nilotica (Stapf) Keay, Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel. with 3.38% and 8%, respectively. Eleven species recorded the least relative dominance of 0.42%. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’) value stood at 3.82. And as diversity indices varied with location depending on the species available within an ecological zone, Rashad forest reserve is blessed with a moderate diversity index.
本研究旨在评估苏丹南科尔多凡州拉沙德地区拉沙德森林保护区的树木多样性状况。为了收集数据,随机选取了8个样地(20×20m),并确定了参数:拉沙德森林保护区的树木物种多样性、组成、相对密度、优势度、重要价值指数和物种丰富度。结果表明,研究区共鉴定出237种和56种树木,包括22科。Fabaceae科和种数最多,有8属13种,其次是Combretaceae科,有3个不同属8种,锦葵科,有4个不同属5种,夹竹桃科,有三个不同属3种。Arecaceae、Burseraceae、Capparaceae、Euphorbaceae、Meliaceae和Rubiaceae科各有两个种,其余11个科各有一个种。在保护区内发现的56种不同的树种中。研究结果还表明,罗望子和酸枣具有一定的遗传多样性。相对密度和优势度最高,分别为4.64%和11%。洋地黄(Adansonia digitata L.)、绒毛灰蝶(Grewia villosa Willd)、野豌豆(Vepris nobilis(Delile)Mziray)的密度和优势度分别为4.80%和9%。紧随其后的是Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC)Guill。&Perr,Adansonia digitata L.,Catunaregam nilotica(Stapf)Tirveng。(Syn:Xeromphis nilotica(Stapf)Keay,Vangueria madagascarensis J.F.Gmel。分别为3.38%和8%。11个物种的相对优势度最低,为0.42%,Shannon Weiner多样性指数(H')值为3.82。由于多样性指数因生态区内可用物种的不同而不同,拉沙德森林保护区的多样性指数适中。
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引用次数: 7
Hallmark of a Resilient City: Adoption of Green Infrastructure in African Cities 韧性城市的标志:非洲城市采用绿色基础设施
Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.4236/OJF.2021.111005
Elias K. Maranga
Dynamic urbanization of African cities has created development trajectories that face systemic challenges in the provision of sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. The specific challenges include extensive unregulated growth with informal settlements reflecting poor service levels and high poverty indices, inadequacy in provision of basic services in health, water, housing, transport and communication infrastructure, high reliance on biomass fuels, exposure to environmental stress and implausible climate change coping and mitigation mechanisms among others. Review of extensive literature and synthesis of existing bodies of knowledge on the ecological and management perspectives of urban environments revealed many gaps and understanding of urban transformation processes. The purpose of this review was to contextualize credible pathways for optimization of both ecosystem goods and services from green urban landscapes (Green infrastructure) and non-green infrastructure to ensure sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. Attempts were made to rationalize and validate through discussions the benefits of managed urban ecosystems for African cities. On the basis of the evidence from the literature, it is concluded that urban development trajectories that do not embrace multifaceted approaches that deliberately retain and maintain green infrastructure in the urban environment may not be cost-effective. It is recommended that systematic integration of urban forestry concepts in urban planning that involves communities, local and national governments, business entrepreneurs and public and private research institutions provides tenable frameworks for addressing current and future challenges of urbanization in Africa.
非洲城市的动态城市化创造了发展轨迹,在提供可持续和具有生态弹性的城市环境方面面临系统性挑战。具体挑战包括非正规住区的大规模无管制增长,反映出服务水平低和贫困指数高,在卫生、水、住房、运输和通信基础设施方面提供的基本服务不足,高度依赖生物质燃料,暴露于环境压力以及令人难以置信的气候变化应对和缓解机制等。对大量文献的回顾和对城市环境生态和管理视角的现有知识体系的综合揭示了对城市转型过程的许多差距和理解。本次审查的目的是为优化绿色城市景观(绿色基础设施)和非绿色基础设施的生态系统商品和服务提供可信的途径,以确保可持续和具有生态弹性的城市环境。人们试图通过讨论使有管理的城市生态系统对非洲城市的好处合理化并加以验证。根据文献中的证据,得出的结论是,城市发展轨迹如果不采用多方面的方法,故意在城市环境中保留和维护绿色基础设施,可能不具有成本效益。建议将城市林业概念系统地纳入城市规划,包括社区、地方和国家政府、商业企业家以及公共和私营研究机构,为应对非洲当前和未来的城市化挑战提供可行的框架。
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引用次数: 2
Studies on Ecological Monitoring of Plant Community and Plant Diversity in Shenzhen, Southern China 深圳市植物群落与多样性生态监测研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2021.114022
Yuyuan Huang, Xinfan Yu, Hong Liang, Zhiming Yang, Haiyang Wen, Z. Ye, Yunhe Lu, R. Wei, Lijun Yang, Song Ma, K. Zhao, Fan Wang, Zhijie Chen, Huina Yang, Chengxi Jiang, Bin Xu, Weimin Wang, Wang Xu, Zhu Ming, Shizheng Lin, Hao Liu, Hualiang Luo, S. Deng, Lijuan Huang, Yanjun Lei, Xiao-li Wan, Yahe Li, Wan-Ping Zhou, Shun Zhao, Zhenliang Duan, D. Liao, Xiaobo Qiu, H. Huang, Linlin Jiang
From Jan. 2013 to Nov. 2018, we carried out the investigation on vegetation studies in the ecological monitoring programs, Shenzhen and totally researched 170 plant communities of mountain areas etc., few areas of street regions and parks etc., for communities’ structural characteristics and plant diversity. We comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level and the main affected factors. We also researched and analyzed these communities’ structural characteristics and pant diversity, comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level, the main affected factors; researched and analyzed the relationship between plant community structure characteristics with the absorbing ability to PM2.5 pollutants. The result showed that the structure and plant diversity of natural forest were obviously better than artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, the semi-natural forest was the middle level of the forests, In the indices of height, DBH, coverage and crow width etc. of tree layer, natural forests and semi-natural forests were obvious higher than that of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest; in some forests of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, though their richness indices of family and How to cite this paper: Huang, Y. Y., Yu, X. F., Liang, H., Yang, Z. M., Wen, H. Y., Ye, Z., Lu, Y. H., Wei, R. Y., Yang, L. J., Ma, S., Zhao, K. S., Wang, F., Chen, Z. J., Yang, H. N., Jiang, C. X., Xu, B., Wang, W. M., Xu, W., Ming, Z., Lin, S. Z., Liu, H., Luo, H. L., Deng, S. N., Huang, L. J., Lei, Y. J., Wan, X. L., Li, Y. H., Zhou, W. M., Zhao, S., Duan, Z. L., Liao, D. Y., Qiu, X. B., Huang, H. Q., & Jiang, L. L. (2021). Studies on Ecological Monitoring of Plant Community and Plant Diversity in Shenzhen, Southern China. Open Journal of Forestry, 11, 352-380. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2021.114022 Received: June 15, 2021 Accepted: October 17, 2021 Published: October 20, 2021
2013年1月至2018年11月,我们开展了深圳市生态监测项目的植被研究调查,共研究了山区等170个植物群落,街道、公园等少数区域的植物群落结构特征和植物多样性。对比分析了天然林、半天然林和人工林的组成和结构特征、科、属、种多样性水平及主要影响因素。研究和分析了这些群落的结构特征和群落多样性,比较分析了天然林、半天然林和人工林的组成和结构特征以及科、属、种多样性水平、主要影响因素;研究分析了植物群落结构特征与PM2.5污染物吸收能力的关系。结果表明:天然林的结构和植物多样性明显优于人工干扰林或人工林,半天然林处于中等水平;在乔木层高度、胸径、盖度、冠宽等指标上,天然林和半天然林明显高于人工干扰林或人工林;在一些人工干扰林或人工森林中,通过它们的科丰富度指数和如何引用本文:X Y, Y。,,F。,梁,H。,,Z,温,H . Y。,Z, Lu,中州,r . Y。杨,L . J。妈,年代,赵,k . S。王,F。,,Z . J。,H . N。江,c . X。徐,B。,Wang W·M。徐,W,明,Z,林,S . Z。刘,H,罗,H·L。邓,S . N。黄L . J。Lei, Y。,广域网,X L。李。中州,W . M。赵,年代,段,Z L,廖,d . Y。秋X B,黄,H . Q。&江L . L .(2021)。深圳市植物群落与多样性生态监测研究林业学报,11,352-380。https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2021.114022收稿日期:2021年6月15日接收日期:2021年10月17日发布日期:2021年10月20日
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引用次数: 0
The Dependency of Coastal Livelihood on Forest Resources, and Alternative Options in the Periphery of the Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Patharghata, Bangladesh 沿海生计对森林资源的依赖,以及孟加拉国帕塔尔加塔孙德尔本斯保护区外围的替代选择
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2021.114024
A. Shaikh, Mousumi Halder, M. M. A. Talukder, Sk. Mohibullah, S. Saha
Dependency on forest resources poses a threat to the environment in Patharghata, Bangladesh. Therefore, this study explores the role of forest resource in the life and livelihood of coastal people as well as to understand the effectiveness of forest and status of forest dependency in and around south-central coast in Patharghata, Bangladesh. We collected data randomly from 105 household heads through both open and close-ended questionnaire. To investigate the forest dependency and people’s perception regarding alternative solutions, Microsoft excel software program has been applied. The findings reveal that usage of fuelwood in cooking, housing structure, fish catching, honey & fodder collection significantly contributes to household dependency on forest resources, while other variables seem to be insignificant. Our study amplifies that the share of forest income to the total household income was only 19% while other earning sources provided 81% income. The result shows that respondent people collect forest resources primarily for cooking purpose with a share of 71% where 9% forest resources are collected as fodder followed by 8% forest resource collection as food and sheltering purposes. Moreover, the study found that using alternative cooking system, artificial instruments, declaring the forest as tourist spot, changes in housing structure, occupation are some effective options to reduce forest dependency. The study concludes that these alternative options need more financial and other support from the government, non-government and other civil society organizations to cut down forest resource dependency. How to cite this paper: Shaikh, A. A., Halder, M., Talukder, M. B. A., Mohibullah, Sk., & Saha, S. (2021). The Dependency of Coastal Livelihood on Forest Resources, and Alternative Options in the Periphery of the Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Patharghata, Bangladesh. Open Journal of Forestry, 11, 398-414. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2021.114024 Received: March 9, 2021 Accepted: October 25, 2021 Published: October 28, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access
对森林资源的依赖对孟加拉国帕塔尔加塔的环境构成了威胁。因此,本研究探讨了森林资源在沿海人民生活和生计中的作用,并了解了孟加拉国帕塔尔加塔中南部沿海及其周边地区森林的有效性和森林依赖状况。我们通过开放式和封闭式问卷的方式随机收集了105户户主的数据。为了调查森林依赖和人们对替代解决方案的看法,使用了Microsoft excel软件程序。研究结果显示,在烹饪、住房结构、捕鱼、蜂蜜和饲料收集中使用薪材对家庭对森林资源的依赖有显著影响,而其他变量似乎不显著。我们的研究进一步表明,森林收入仅占家庭总收入的19%,而其他收入来源提供了81%的收入。结果显示,受访者收集森林资源主要用于烹饪目的,占71%,其中9%的森林资源收集为饲料,8%的森林资源收集为食物和住所目的。此外,研究发现,使用替代烹饪系统、人工器具、宣布森林为旅游景点、改变房屋结构、占用是减少森林依赖的有效选择。该研究的结论是,这些替代方案需要政府、非政府组织和其他民间社会组织提供更多的财政和其他支持,以减少对森林资源的依赖。如何引用本文:Shaikh, A. A., Halder, M., Talukder, M. B. A., Mohibullah, Sk., & Saha, S.(2021)。沿海生计对森林资源的依赖,以及孟加拉国帕塔尔加塔孙德尔本斯保护区外围的替代选择。林业学报,11,398-414。https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2021.114024收稿日期:2021年3月9日收稿日期:2021年10月25日出版日期:2021年10月28日版权所有©作者与科研出版公司。本作品采用知识共享署名国际许可协议(CC BY 4.0)。http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/开放获取
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引用次数: 2
Damaging Agents and Tree’s Health Condition in an Urban Forest 城市森林中危害因子与树木健康状况
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2021.113016
L. D. L. Saavedra-Romero, T. Martínez-Trinidad, D. Alvarado-Rosales, P. H. L. Rosa, Jaime Villa-Castillo
Urban trees are subjected to different damaging agents throughout their lifetime. The aims of this study were to identify tree damaging agents, and to obtain a Damage Severity Index (DSI) in order to categorize tree health condition at San Juan de Aragon Park. Each tree was identified at species level in 28 randomly established plots in ten sections of the study area. Up to two types of damage were recorded per tree, based on the FIA (Forest Inventory an Analysis Program) protocol, and a DSI was obtained for each damaged tree considering location of damage, nature of the damaging agent and severity. A total of 753 trees were assessed and 12 species and 27 damaging agents were identified. Cankers, galls, the pepper tree psyllid and the red gum lerp psyllid were the most frequent damaging agents. Australian pine, red gum, Mediterranean cypress, Mexican white cedar, and California pepper were the most affected species. The DSI ranged from 3 to 17 and the average was 7.9. Sections J and H and the species California pepper, Australian pine, and Mexican white cedar presented the highest DSI. The tree population had a moderate health condition, while the aforementioned sections and tree species showed the poorest.
城市树木在其一生中受到不同的破坏。本研究的目的是确定树木损害因子,并获得损害严重程度指数(DSI),以便对圣胡安德阿拉贡公园的树木健康状况进行分类。在研究区10个断面的28个随机样地对每棵树进行了种级鉴定。根据FIA(森林清单分析程序)协议,每棵树最多记录两种类型的损害,并根据损害位置,破坏剂的性质和严重程度获得每棵受损树的DSI。共有753棵树被评估,鉴定出12种和27种危害因子。溃疡病、虫瘿、辣椒木虱和红胶麻风木虱是最常见的危害因子。澳大利亚松、红桉树、地中海柏树、墨西哥白雪松和加利福尼亚胡椒是受影响最大的树种。DSI范围为3至17,平均值为7.9。J区和H区以及加利福尼亚胡椒、澳大利亚松和墨西哥白杉树种的DSI最高。种群健康状况中等,而上述区段和树种健康状况最差。
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引用次数: 1
Carbon Sequestration Service of a Ramsar Site: A Conservation-Role Model for Defying Developmental Pressure in the Middle of a Rapidly Expanding City 拉姆萨尔湿地的碳固存服务:在快速扩张的城市中部抵御发展压力的保护典范
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2021.114023
A. Al-Nadabi, H. Sulaiman
Mangroves in coastal cities are under threat due to development pressures. However, mangrove ecosystems can serve as a potential carbon sink for miti-gating the impacts of climate change. The main objective of this study was to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of mangroves in the Al-Qurm natural reserve, Muscat, Oman. The reserve was classified into three distinct zones and was estimated through field measurement and remote sensing techniques. The study found that each zone sequesters varying levels of carbon. The highest mean carbon stock was measured in the landward zone (20.2 ± 0.3 kg∙C/m 2 ), followed by the middle zone (8.7 ± 0.4 kg∙C/m 2 ) and seaward zone (5.8 ± 0.8 kg∙C/m 2 ), respectively. The carbon sequestration rate of the sediment range was between 5.0 g C/m 2 ∙year - 12.5 g C/m 2 ∙year. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from above-ground biomass showed a positive relationship (r = 0.73) with biomass measured in the field. However, the average above-ground carbon was underestimated (6.3 kg∙C/m 2 ) than the above-ground field measurement (7.0 kg∙C/m 2 ). This 0.82 km 2 of the natural reserve was estimated to sequester approximately 9512 tonnes of carbon equivalent to 0.035 Mt of CO 2 e. This highlights the importance of conserving this natural reserve, despite a growing demand for land use in and around the reserve for development needs.
由于发展压力,沿海城市的红树林正受到威胁。然而,红树林生态系统可以作为减轻气候变化影响的潜在碳汇。本研究的主要目的是估计阿曼马斯喀特Al-Qurm自然保护区红树林的固碳潜力。将保护区划分为三个不同的区域,并通过实地测量和遥感技术进行估算。研究发现,每个区域吸收的碳含量不同。平均碳储量最高的是向陆带(20.2±0.3 kg∙C/m 2),其次是中间带(8.7±0.4 kg∙C/m 2)和向海带(5.8±0.8 kg∙C/m 2)。沉积物固碳速率范围为5.0 g C/m 2∙年~ 12.5 g C/m 2∙年。地上生物量归一化植被指数(NDVI)与野外实测生物量呈显著正相关(r = 0.73)。然而,地上的平均碳被低估了(6.3 kg∙C/m 2),低于地上的实地测量值(7.0 kg∙C/m 2)。据估计,这片0.82平方公里的自然保护区吸收了约9512吨碳,相当于0.035亿吨二氧化碳。这凸显了保护这片自然保护区的重要性,尽管为了发展需要,保护区内外的土地使用需求不断增长。
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引用次数: 2
Seed Borne Fungal Organisms Associated with Germination Success of Terminalia brownii (Fresen) in Kenya 肯尼亚褐尾草(Terminalia brownii, Fresen)萌发成功相关的种传真菌生物
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2021.114021
Jackline Atieno, G. Obwoyere, D. Makanji, M. Okeyo
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引用次数: 1
Land Use and Land Cover Change along River Lumi Riparian Ecosystem in Kenya: Implications on Local Livelihoods 肯尼亚卢米河沿岸生态系统的土地利用和土地覆盖变化:对当地生计的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/OJF.2021.113014
Leila Ndalilo, E. Maranga, B. Kirui
Riparian forests minimize impacts of land degradation on stream ecosystems and provide direct and indirect benefits to people. However, these ecosystems are threatened by degradation and deforestation attributed to land use changes. River Lumi riparian ecosystem in Taita Taveta County in Kenya has experienced rapid and extensive land use changes over the past three decades in response to economic, institutional and demographic factors. There is growing concern of riparian degradation attributed to land use change with far reaching implications on local livelihoods. A study was conducted to examine the patterns of land use and land cover change along River Lumi riparian ecosystem between 1987 and 2019. The aim of the study was to ascertain the impacts of land use and land cover change on local livelihoods. Landsat images were used to assess land use and land cover change while socio-economic data was collected from 353 households in Njukini, Chala and Mboghoni located in the upper, middle and lower sections of River Lumi ecosystem respectively. Research evidence authenti-cated that the area under farmlands, settlement and water body increased by 20.5%, 112.1% and 2.3% respectively between 1987 and 2019 while area under forest patches, grazing land and riverine vegetation decreased by 52.7%, 3.0%, and 36.6% respectively. The increase in population in surrounding areas coupled with encroachment of the riparian areas for crop farming and livestock grazing resulted to loss of riparian forest patches/ vegetation and associated biodiversity
河岸林最大限度地减少了土地退化对河流生态系统的影响,并为人类提供了直接和间接的利益。然而,这些生态系统受到土地利用变化导致的退化和森林砍伐的威胁。肯尼亚Taita Taveta县的卢米河河岸生态系统在过去三十年中,由于经济、体制和人口因素,经历了迅速而广泛的土地利用变化。土地利用变化导致的河岸退化对当地生计产生深远影响,这一问题日益引起人们的关注。研究了1987 - 2019年鲁米河河岸生态系统土地利用和土地覆盖的变化模式。这项研究的目的是确定土地利用和土地覆盖变化对当地生计的影响。利用陆地卫星影像对鲁米河生态系统上游、中下游的Njukini、Chala和Mboghoni地区353户家庭的土地利用和土地覆盖变化进行了评估,并收集了社会经济数据。研究证据表明,1987 - 2019年,农田、聚落和水体面积分别增加了20.5%、112.1%和2.3%,而森林斑块、放牧地和河流植被面积分别减少了52.7%、3.0%和36.6%。周边地区人口的增加,加上河岸地区因种植作物和放牧牲畜而受到侵占,导致河岸森林斑块/植被和相关生物多样性的丧失
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引用次数: 0
期刊
林学期刊(英文)
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