K. Onuma, N. Furubayashi, F. Shibata, Yoshiko Kobayashi, Sachiko Kaito, Y. Ohnishi, K. Inaka
Crystallization of enzymes in presence of impurities is important for clarifying the role of enzymes in natural world. Although it is proposed that impurities inhibit nucleation of enzyme crystallization, details are unclear. In this study, crystallization of cellobiohydrolase from Aspergillus niger was investigated by dynamic and time-resolved static light scattering using cellobiose as an impurity. We aimed to clarify how cellobiose inhibits cellobiohydrolase crystallization and to crystallize cellobiohydrolase in concentrated cellobiose without using seeds. The contribution of attractive forces to total intermolecular interactions of cellobiohydrolase monomers increased with the molar ratio of cellobiose/cellobiohydrolase (R(cb/ce)). Association dynamics of cellobiohydrolase using lithium sulfate, however, showed that the initial aggregation rate decreased with an increase in R(cb/ce). Because binding sites of cellobioses to cellobiohydrolase molecules differed from those for the growth of protein crystals, the binding of cellobioses would increase the chemical potential of the cellobiohydrolase monomers, which gradually reduced supersaturation for growth as the aggregate size increased. This result was in contrast with the conventional idea that cellobiose inhibits the nucleation of cellobiohydrolase crystals. Gentle agitation of cellobiose-containing cellobiohydrolase solutions during sitting-drop vapor-diffusion growth resulted in the growth of cellobiohydrolase single crystals for all R(cb/ce) conditions without using seeds.
{"title":"Crystallization of Cellobiohydrolase in the Presence of Cellulose-Degraded Cellobiose: Analysis of Intermolecular Interactions and Association Dynamics","authors":"K. Onuma, N. Furubayashi, F. Shibata, Yoshiko Kobayashi, Sachiko Kaito, Y. Ohnishi, K. Inaka","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.41001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.41001","url":null,"abstract":"Crystallization of enzymes in presence of impurities is important for \u0000clarifying the role of enzymes in natural world. Although it is proposed that \u0000impurities inhibit nucleation of enzyme crystallization, details are unclear. \u0000In this study, crystallization of cellobiohydrolase from Aspergillus niger was \u0000investigated by dynamic and time-resolved static \u0000light scattering using cellobiose as an impurity. We aimed to clarify how \u0000cellobiose inhibits cellobiohydrolase crystallization and to \u0000crystallize cellobiohydrolase in concentrated cellobiose without using seeds. \u0000The contribution of attractive forces to total intermolecular interactions of \u0000cellobiohydrolase monomers increased with the molar ratio of \u0000cellobiose/cellobiohydrolase (R(cb/ce)). \u0000Association dynamics of cellobiohydrolase using lithium sulfate, however, \u0000showed that the initial aggregation rate decreased with an increase in R(cb/ce). Because binding sites of \u0000cellobioses to cellobiohydrolase molecules differed from those for the growth \u0000of protein crystals, the binding of cellobioses would increase the chemical \u0000potential of the cellobiohydrolase monomers, which gradually reduced supersaturation for growth as the aggregate size increased. \u0000This result was in contrast with the conventional idea that cellobiose inhibits \u0000the nucleation of cellobiohydrolase crystals. Gentle agitation of cellobiose-containing cellobiohydrolase solutions during sitting-drop \u0000vapor-diffusion growth resulted in the growth of cellobiohydrolase single \u0000crystals for all R(cb/ce) \u0000conditions without using seeds.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) at pressure as low as 3 mtorr using titanium-tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and oxygen mixed gas plasma generated by 13.56 MHz radio frequency power (RF-power) below 70 W were applied to deposit titanium-oxide layer at temperature under 40°C. Plasma optical emission spectroscopy and FTIR indicated that density of OH group in the amorphous layer was related to the density of OH or H2O in the plasma and the species was formed on electrode to induce the RF-power. Hydrophilicity on the layer was dependent on the density of chemisorbed OH, but was degraded by the excess OH. The PCVD-TiOx coating was demonstrated on polyethylene terephthalate and showed good hydrophilic property with the contact angle of water about 5°.
{"title":"Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Titanium Oxide Layer at Room-Temperature","authors":"S. Yamauchi, Hiromi Suzuki, R. Akutsu","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.41003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.41003","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) \u0000at pressure as low as 3 mtorr using titanium-tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and oxygen mixed gas plasma \u0000generated by 13.56 MHz radio frequency power (RF-power) below 70 W were applied to deposit titanium-oxide layer at \u0000temperature under 40°C. Plasma optical emission spectroscopy and FTIR indicated \u0000that density of OH group in the amorphous layer was related to the density of \u0000OH or H2O in the plasma and the species was formed on electrode to \u0000induce the RF-power. Hydrophilicity on the layer was dependent on the density \u0000of chemisorbed OH, but was \u0000degraded by the excess OH. The PCVD-TiOx coating was demonstrated \u0000on polyethylene terephthalate and showed good hydrophilic property with the \u0000contact angle of water about 5°.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon of hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice of powder rare-earth metals trihydrooxides R(OH)3 (R is La, Pr, Nd) was found. The hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice is partial or full removal of hydrogen out of the crystal lattice of powder hydrogen-containing crystal without change of symmetry of such crystal at continuous evacuation of high vacuum at evacuation temperature of Тev. which is lower than recrystallization Тrecrys. or disintegration (Tdisinteg.) temperature of this crystal: Тev. Тrecrys. Tdisineg.. By neutron diffraction it is found that low- temperature (Тevacuation = 400 - 420 K ) removal of hydrogen (by hydrogen thermoemission) out of a crystal lattice of trihydrooxide R(OH)3 under continuous high vacuum evacuating makes possible to obtain metastable “trioxide” R[O]3. Existence of such substance contradicts to the valence law (oxygen is bivalent and Pr is trivalent in hydroxides). Such “trioxide” has a superfluous negative charge: R3+O6-. So they aspire to “capture” three more protons (hydrogen ions) from a water molecules. Obviously, this substance can be stable at low temperatures and in the mediums, which are not containing hydrogen. In the air at room temperature this substance, most likely, interacting with water molecules, gradually again turns into trihydroxide R(OH)3, compensating the superfluous negative charge by three hydrogen atoms. From this it follows that substance R[O3] can simultaneously be an absorber of hydrogen and generator of oxygen at atmospheric conditions and in any mediums which contains water molecules, without any prior processing like heating or high pressure. Thus, the obtained material, without any prior processing like heating or high pressure, can simultaneously be oxygen generator and hydrogen accumulator in any mediums characteristic of R[O3] to transform into stable form R(OH)3 by selective bonding of hydrogen from the hydrogen-containing environment allowing implication of Pr[O3] as the hydrogen selective absorber. Separation (by low-temperature removal) of hydrogen out of R(OH)3 lattice can again lead to restoration of its capabilities to be a simultaneous hydrogen accumulator and oxygen generator in a medium containing water molecules.
{"title":"Neutron Diffraction Study of Self-Curing and Self-Crystallization Phenomena of Low-Temperature Dehydrogenating Products of Powder Crystals of Rare-Earth Metals Trihydroxides","authors":"Khidirov Irisali","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34024","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of hydrogen \u0000thermoemission out of a crystal lattice of powder rare-earth metals \u0000trihydrooxides R(OH)3 (R is La, Pr, Nd) was found. The hydrogen \u0000thermoemission out of a \u0000crystal lattice is partial or full removal of hydrogen out of the crystal \u0000lattice of powder hydrogen-containing crystal without change of symmetry of \u0000such crystal at continuous evacuation of high vacuum at evacuation temperature \u0000of Тev. which is lower than recrystallization Тrecrys. or \u0000disintegration (Tdisinteg.) temperature of this crystal: Тev. Тrecrys. Tdisineg.. By neutron \u0000diffraction it is found that low- temperature (Тevacuation = 400 - 420 K ) removal of hydrogen (by \u0000hydrogen thermoemission) out of a crystal lattice of trihydrooxide R(OH)3 under continuous high vacuum evacuating makes possible to obtain metastable \u0000“trioxide” R[O]3. Existence of such substance contradicts to the \u0000valence law (oxygen is bivalent and Pr is trivalent in hydroxides). Such “trioxide” \u0000has a superfluous \u0000negative charge: R3+O6-. \u0000So they aspire to “capture” three more protons (hydrogen ions) from a water \u0000molecules. Obviously, this substance can be stable at low temperatures and in \u0000the mediums, which are not containing hydrogen. In the air at room temperature \u0000this substance, most likely, interacting with water molecules, gradually again \u0000turns into trihydroxide R(OH)3, compensating the superfluous \u0000negative charge by three hydrogen atoms. From this it follows that substance \u0000R[O3] can simultaneously be an absorber of hydrogen and generator of \u0000oxygen at atmospheric conditions and in any mediums which contains water \u0000molecules, without any prior processing like heating or high pressure. Thus, \u0000the obtained material, without any prior processing like heating or high \u0000pressure, can simultaneously be oxygen generator and hydrogen accumulator in \u0000any mediums characteristic of R[O3] to transform into stable form R(OH)3 by \u0000selective bonding of hydrogen from the hydrogen-containing environment allowing implication of Pr[O3] as the \u0000hydrogen selective absorber. Separation (by low-temperature removal) of \u0000hydrogen out of R(OH)3 lattice can again lead to restoration of its \u0000capabilities to be a simultaneous hydrogen accumulator and oxygen generator in \u0000a medium containing water molecules.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The crystallization in the three-component systems Rb2SO4-MSO4-H2O (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) is studied by the method of isothermal decrease of supersaturation. It has been established that isostructural double compounds, Rb2M(SO4)2·6H2O (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), , crystallize from the ternary solutions within wide concentration ranges. The infrared spectra are discussed with respect to the normal vibrations of the sulfate ions and water molecules. The unit-cell group theoretical treatment of the double salts is presented. The extent of energetic distortions of guest ions (about 2 mol%) matrix-isolated in the respective selenates, (M' = K, Rb, ; M" = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), is commented.
{"title":"Crystallization in the Three-Component Systems Rb 2 SO 4- MSO 4- H 2 O (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) at 298 K","authors":"V. Karadjova, D. Stoilova","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34022","url":null,"abstract":"The crystallization in the \u0000three-component systems Rb2SO4-MSO4-H2O (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, \u0000Zn) is studied by the method of isothermal decrease of supersaturation. It has \u0000been established that isostructural double compounds, \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Rb2M(SO4)2·6H2O (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), , crystallize from the \u0000ternary solutions within wide \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 concentration ranges. The infrared spectra are discussed with respect to \u0000the normal vibrations of the sulfate ions and water molecules. The unit-cell \u0000group theoretical treatment of the double salts is presented. The extent of \u0000energetic distortions \u0000of guest ions (about 2 mol%) matrix-isolated in \u0000the respective selenates, (M' = \u0000K, Rb, ; M\" = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), is commented.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"136-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Specific surface free energy (SSFE) of natural calcium fluorapatite from the same mother rock and synthesized barium chlorapatite from the same lot was determined using contact angle of water and formamide droplets, compared with grown length of crystal face (h). The experimentally obtained SSFEs have different values even for the same index faces of the different crystals. The SSFEs also have wide distribution for each face of crystals. Observed SSFE is considered to be not only the SSFE of ideally flat terrace face, but also includes the contribution of strep free energy. Though the crystals we experimentally obtained were growth form, the relationship between SSFE and h was almost proportional, which looks like satisfying Wulff’s relationship qualitatively. The slope of SSFE versus h line shows the driving force of crystal growth, and the line for larger crystal has less steep slope. The driving force of crystal growth for larger crystal is smaller, which also means that the chemical potential is larger for larger crystal. The individuality of crystals for the same lot can be explained by the difference of the chemical potential of each crystal.
{"title":"Thermodinamic Interpretaion of the Morphology Individuality of Natural and Synthesized Apatite Single Crystals","authors":"Takaomi Suzuki, Haruka Takemae, Mika Yoshida","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34019","url":null,"abstract":"Specific surface free energy (SSFE) of natural calcium fluorapatite from the same mother rock and synthesized barium chlorapatite from the same lot was determined using contact angle of water and formamide droplets, compared with grown length of crystal face (h). The experimentally obtained SSFEs have different values even for the same index faces of the different crystals. The SSFEs also have wide distribution for each face of crystals. Observed SSFE is considered to be not only the SSFE of ideally flat terrace face, but also includes the contribution of strep free energy. Though the crystals we experimentally obtained were growth form, the relationship between SSFE and h was almost proportional, which looks like satisfying Wulff’s relationship qualitatively. The slope of SSFE versus h line shows the driving force of crystal growth, and the line for larger crystal has less steep slope. The driving force of crystal growth for larger crystal is smaller, which also means that the chemical potential is larger for larger crystal. The individuality of crystals for the same lot can be explained by the difference of the chemical potential of each crystal.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"119-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here we show the results of experimental observation of decomposition of the solution components into the neighboring cells. The liquid solution under crystallization first gets into the unstable state and then decomposes. The decomposition result is fixed in the solid phase as inhomogeneous component distribution. Our experimental results enable to argue that the eutectic pattern forms due to interface instability and spinodal decomposition of non-equilibrium solution forming in front of the interface.
{"title":"Decomposition of Solutions in Front of the Interface Induced by Directional Crystallization","authors":"A. Guskov, L. Nekrasova","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34026","url":null,"abstract":"Here we show the results of experimental observation of decomposition of the solution components into the neighboring cells. The liquid solution under crystallization first gets into the unstable state and then decomposes. The decomposition result is fixed in the solid phase as inhomogeneous component distribution. Our experimental results enable to argue that the eutectic pattern forms due to interface instability and spinodal decomposition of non-equilibrium solution forming in front of the interface.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"330 1","pages":"170-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new organic charge transfer molecular complex salt of o-toluidinium picrate (OTP) was synthesised and the single crystals were grown by the slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique using methanol as a solvent at room temperature. Formation of the new crystal has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that both the cation and the anion are interlinked to each other by three types of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, namely N(4)-H(4A)···O(7), N(4)-H(4B)···O(5) and N(4)-H(4C)···O(7). The title compound (OTP) crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with the centrosymmetric space group P21/c. Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectral analysis was used to confirm the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The optical properties were analyzed by the UV-Vis-NIR and fluorescence emission studies.
{"title":"Synthesis, Growth, Crystal Structure and Characterization of the o-Toluidinium Picrate","authors":"K. Priyadarshini, A. Chandramohan, T. U. Devi","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34020","url":null,"abstract":"A new organic charge transfer molecular complex salt of o-toluidinium picrate (OTP) was synthesised and the single crystals were grown by the slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique using methanol as a solvent at room temperature. Formation of the new crystal has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that both the cation and the anion are interlinked to each other by three types of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, namely N(4)-H(4A)···O(7), N(4)-H(4B)···O(5) and N(4)-H(4C)···O(7). The title compound (OTP) crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with the centrosymmetric space group P21/c. Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectral analysis was used to confirm the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The optical properties were analyzed by the UV-Vis-NIR and fluorescence emission studies.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recrystallization behavior of cold-drawn 0.12 wt% C steel during annealing at temperatures 600˚C and 650˚C was investigated. Hardness tests were used to characterize the recrystallization kinetics. The micrographs of the steel were obtained using optical microscopy (OM) to characterize the grain microstructure of the non-treated and the annealed steel samples. Annihilation of dislocation defects occur within the soaking time of 5 - 10 minutes for all the deformed steel after annealing at 650˚C. Specifically at 5 minutes soaking time the grains elongation is still observed indicating that reformation of grains is not taking place but recovery of the deformed grains. At the 10 minutes annealing time, new grains are observed to begin and full recrystallization is achieved at 15 minutes annealing time. At annealing time between 20 - 25 minutes, grains coarsening are observed indicating the onset of grain growth. The hardness of the material reduces with increasing annealing temperature for all the degree of cold drawn deformation. On the basis of the experimentally obtained hardness values, recrystallization increases with increasing degree of cold drawn deformation for the annealed steel. Recovery process was found to prolong in the 20% cold drawn steel as compared to the 55% cold drawn steel. The prolong recovery process is due to reduction in the driving force. Full recrystallization of the annealed steel is achieved at different soaking time depending on the degree of the cold drawn steel.
{"title":"Recrystallization Kinetics and Microstructure Evolution of Annealed Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel","authors":"Nurudeen A. Raji, O. Oluwole","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34025","url":null,"abstract":"The recrystallization behavior of cold-drawn 0.12 wt% C steel during annealing at temperatures 600˚C and 650˚C was investigated. Hardness tests were used to characterize the recrystallization kinetics. The micrographs of the steel were obtained using optical microscopy (OM) to characterize the grain microstructure of the non-treated and the annealed steel samples. Annihilation of dislocation defects occur within the soaking time of 5 - 10 minutes for all the deformed steel after annealing at 650˚C. Specifically at 5 minutes soaking time the grains elongation is still observed indicating that reformation of grains is not taking place but recovery of the deformed grains. At the 10 minutes annealing time, new grains are observed to begin and full recrystallization is achieved at 15 minutes annealing time. At annealing time between 20 - 25 minutes, grains coarsening are observed indicating the onset of grain growth. The hardness of the material reduces with increasing annealing temperature for all the degree of cold drawn deformation. On the basis of the experimentally obtained hardness values, recrystallization increases with increasing degree of cold drawn deformation for the annealed steel. Recovery process was found to prolong in the 20% cold drawn steel as compared to the 55% cold drawn steel. The prolong recovery process is due to reduction in the driving force. Full recrystallization of the annealed steel is achieved at different soaking time depending on the degree of the cold drawn steel.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single crystal of D-(–)-alanine (DALA), a non-linear optical material from the amino acid family was grown using a home-made crystal growth setup. The crystals of DALA were also grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). The grown crystals were characterized by using single crystal X-ray diffraction, high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and UV-vis-NIR and CD spectroscopy. Measurements of Vicker’s microhardness, laser damage threshold (LDT) value and second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency are also reported. Thermal and dielectric studies were also carried out.
{"title":"Bulk Growth and Characterization of D-(–)-Alanine Single Crystals","authors":"K. Moovendaran, S. Natarajan","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34021","url":null,"abstract":"Single crystal of D-(–)-alanine (DALA), a non-linear optical material from the amino acid family was grown using a home-made crystal growth setup. The crystals of DALA were also grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). The grown crystals were characterized by using single crystal X-ray diffraction, high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and UV-vis-NIR and CD spectroscopy. Measurements of Vicker’s microhardness, laser damage threshold (LDT) value and second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency are also reported. Thermal and dielectric studies were also carried out.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"130-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70941908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper summarizes the synthesis, growth and the effect of the position of the substituent in the thienyl ring and also the properties of the grown chalcone crystals, 2-CTP and 3-CTP. The formation of compound is confirmed by the re- corded H1NMR spectra. A FT-IR spectrum confirms the presence of all functional groups in both of the crystals. Single crystal XRD reports that even though these two compounds crystallize in monoclinic crystal system, 2-CTP has centro- symmetric P21/c space group and 3-CTP has non-centrosymmetric space group P21. Thermal properties of grown crys- tals analyzed by TG/DTA study explain that the 3-CTP compound is slightly more stable than 2-CTP. The transparency of these isomers in the vis-IR region has been studied. Second and third order nonlinear optical properties of 3-CTP and 2-CTP crystals have been investigated by powder SHG and Z-scan technique respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Substituent Position on the Properties of Chalcone Isomer Single Crystals","authors":"R. Gandhimathi, G. Vinitha, R. Dhanasekaran","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2013.34023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2013.34023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the synthesis, growth and the effect of the \u0000position of the substituent in the thienyl ring and also the properties of the \u0000grown chalcone crystals, 2-CTP and 3-CTP. The formation of compound is \u0000confirmed by the re- corded H1NMR spectra. A FT-IR spectrum confirms the presence of all \u0000functional groups in both of the crystals. Single crystal XRD reports that even \u0000though these two compounds crystallize in monoclinic crystal system, 2-CTP has \u0000centro- symmetric P21/c space group and 3-CTP has \u0000non-centrosymmetric space group P21. Thermal properties of grown \u0000crys- tals analyzed by TG/DTA study explain that the 3-CTP compound is \u0000slightly more stable than 2-CTP. The transparency of these isomers in the vis-IR \u0000region has been studied. Second and third order nonlinear optical properties of \u00003-CTP and 2-CTP crystals have been investigated by powder SHG and Z-scan \u0000technique respectively.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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