I. Sandu, I. Iordache, C. Fleaca, F. Dumitrache, A.-M. Niculescu
The chemical, physical, and biological properties of more than two millions of proteins which follow to be synthesized by Pharmaceutical Industry, can be anticipated (by using their XRD diffrac-tograms) if they will be grown from aqueous drops as high quality, large volume single-crystals. This is not a simple task and usually the growing process is seen as art rather than a science. The growing is expensive, time consuming, and finally an amorphous aggregate may result instead one single-crystal. In this article, we show for the first time how one single crystal can be grown in large volume hanging drops through their fast evaporation. The single nucleation is determined by choosing the proper sense of gravitational force relative to the drop triple line contact. In a special configuration, single-crystals of glycine and threonine were rapidly grown.
{"title":"The Influence of Gravity on Single Crystallization in Large Volume Drops","authors":"I. Sandu, I. Iordache, C. Fleaca, F. Dumitrache, A.-M. Niculescu","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.44025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.44025","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical, physical, and biological properties of more than two millions of proteins which follow to be synthesized by Pharmaceutical Industry, can be anticipated (by using their XRD diffrac-tograms) if they will be grown from aqueous drops as high quality, large volume single-crystals. This is not a simple task and usually the growing process is seen as art rather than a science. The growing is expensive, time consuming, and finally an amorphous aggregate may result instead one single-crystal. In this article, we show for the first time how one single crystal can be grown in large volume hanging drops through their fast evaporation. The single nucleation is determined by choosing the proper sense of gravitational force relative to the drop triple line contact. In a special configuration, single-crystals of glycine and threonine were rapidly grown.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"206-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70943344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phosphate mineral struvite is basically formed in urinary tracks and kidney. One of the analogous compounds of struvite is potassium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate (KMgPO4·6H2O), known as struvite-k crystal and found in animal urinary calculi. In the present investigation, struvite-k crystals were grown by single diffusion and double diffusion techniques in agar gelmedium. The grown crystals were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optical microscopy and SEM exhibited the different morphologies. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of water molecules, stretching and bending vibrations of phosphate (PO4) ions. However the powder XRD results from the crystalline nature. Elemental composition in the crystal was obtained by EDXA, while 36.89% weight loss of water molecules is observed in TGA study.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Struvite-k Crystals by Agar Gel","authors":"V. B. Suryawanshi, R. T. Chaudhari","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.44026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.44026","url":null,"abstract":"The phosphate mineral struvite is basically formed in urinary tracks and kidney. One of the analogous compounds of struvite is potassium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate (KMgPO4·6H2O), known as struvite-k crystal and found in animal urinary calculi. In the present investigation, struvite-k crystals were grown by single diffusion and double diffusion techniques in agar gelmedium. The grown crystals were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optical microscopy and SEM exhibited the different morphologies. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of water molecules, stretching and bending vibrations of phosphate (PO4) ions. However the powder XRD results from the crystalline nature. Elemental composition in the crystal was obtained by EDXA, while 36.89% weight loss of water molecules is observed in TGA study.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"212-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70943508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vinila, R. Jacob, Anusha Mony, H. Nair, Sheelakumari Issac, Sam Rajan, A. S. Nair, D. Satheesh, Jayakumari Isac
With the discovery of high-TC superconducting materials like Yttrium Barium Cupric Oxide, Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide and Thallium Calcium Barium Copper Oxide, tremendous interest has developed over the past two years in understanding these materials as well as utilizing them in a variety of applications. The thin films of these materials are expected to play an important role in the area of microelectronics, especially for interconnects in integrated circuits, Josephson junctions, magnetic field sensors and optical detectors. Here, the authors designed a new nanocrystalline ceramic type II high-TC superconductor, Gadolinium Barium Copper Oxide (GdBaCuO/GBCO). The GBCO perovskite phase structure was prepared by the conventional solid state thermochemical reaction technique involving mixing, milling, calcination and sintering. In GBCO system, the method for controlling microstructure and superconducting state is related to oxygen content consideration because small changes in oxygen concentration can often lead to huge change in Tc. In order to show the viability of the proposed method, super-conducting powder was prepared in special furnace. The sample was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), an indispensible non-destructive tool for structural materials characterization and quality control which makes use of the Debye-Scherrer method. The comparison of XRD results with JCPDS files confirmed the orthorhombic structure of the sample. Micro-structural features are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which revealed that its particle size is in the nanometer range. It also confirmed the calculated value of particle size from Debye Scherrer’s formula. EDX plot shows the presence of all the constituents. X-ray instrumental peak broadening analysis was used to evaluate the size and lattice strain by the Williamson-Hall Plot method.
{"title":"Ceramic Nanocrystalline Superconductor Gadolinium Barium Copper Oxide (GdBaCuO) at Different Treating Temperatures","authors":"V. Vinila, R. Jacob, Anusha Mony, H. Nair, Sheelakumari Issac, Sam Rajan, A. S. Nair, D. Satheesh, Jayakumari Isac","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.43021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.43021","url":null,"abstract":"With the \u0000discovery of high-TC superconducting materials like Yttrium Barium Cupric \u0000Oxide, Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide and Thallium Calcium Barium \u0000Copper Oxide, tremendous interest has developed over the past two years in \u0000understanding these materials as well as utilizing them in a variety of \u0000applications. The thin films of these materials are expected to play an important \u0000role in the area of microelectronics, especially for interconnects in \u0000integrated circuits, Josephson junctions, \u0000magnetic field sensors and optical detectors. Here, the authors designed a new nanocrystalline \u0000ceramic type II high-TC superconductor, Gadolinium Barium Copper Oxide \u0000(GdBaCuO/GBCO). The GBCO perovskite phase structure was prepared by the \u0000conventional solid state thermochemical reaction technique involving mixing, \u0000milling, calcination and sintering. In GBCO system, the method for controlling \u0000microstructure and superconducting state is related to oxygen content consideration \u0000because small changes in oxygen concentration can often lead to huge change in Tc. In order to show the viability of the \u0000proposed method, super-conducting powder was prepared in special furnace. The \u0000sample was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), an indispensible \u0000non-destructive tool for structural materials characterization and quality \u0000control which makes use of the Debye-Scherrer method. The comparison of XRD \u0000results with JCPDS files confirmed the orthorhombic structure of the sample. \u0000Micro-structural features are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which \u0000revealed that its particle size is in the nanometer range. It also confirmed \u0000the calculated value of particle size from Debye Scherrer’s formula. EDX plot \u0000shows the presence of all the constituents. X-ray instrumental peak broadening \u0000analysis was used to evaluate the size and lattice strain by the \u0000Williamson-Hall Plot method.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"54 1","pages":"168-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important anticancer nucleosides intermediate (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(3-bromo-5-(methoxycar-bonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl diacetate was synthesized by directly coupling the bromotriazole with the protected ribose sugar, and have given the corresponding product in moderate yield. Its structure and conformation were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
{"title":"Synthesis and X-Ray Structure of Important Anticancer Nucleosides Intermediate (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-5- (3-bromo-5-(methoxycarbonyl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran- 3,4-diyl Diacetate","authors":"Yang Liu, Guanghui Tian, Hongguang Ge, Xiaoyan Cao, Daihua Hu, Dehua Zhang","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.43018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.43018","url":null,"abstract":"An \u0000important anticancer nucleosides intermediate (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(3-bromo-5-(methoxycar-bonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl \u0000diacetate was synthesized by directly coupling the bromotriazole with the \u0000protected ribose sugar, and have given the corresponding product in moderate \u0000yield. Its structure and conformation were confirmed by single crystal X-ray \u0000diffraction.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70943063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Mouhovski, O. Vitov, V. Dimov, B. Kostova, S. Gechev
Complex crystal aggregates from fluorspar vapor phase were grown at specific low-pressure/high-temperature conditions. The quasi-equilibrium of initiated crystal-chemical reactions at the proceeding vapour-crystal phase transformation was strongly dependent on the mass-transport inside an originally designed multicameral crucible, loaded by several portions of natural fluorite. By changing the temperature pressure over the already molten fluorspar portions as well as the gas-permeability of the channels connecting different sections in crucible interior to vacuum ambient, one may control the rate of gaseous-vapour diffusion and the degree of supper-saturation inside the peripheral crucible compartment wherein nucleation and crystal growing occurred. In this way, grown aggregates revealed a complicated habit formed during three-stage growing process provided by relevant thermodynamic and phase. Residual stresses were not observed in the aggregates whereas those in simultaneously grown boules from the non-vaporized melts in crucible cameras were clearly distinguished. The optical transmittance spectra of the boules were obtained considerably better, especially in the UV, comparing to those for crystal aggregates, both showing several peaks of specific light-absorption due to enhanced presence of rare-earth (RE) impurities. The aggregates manifest nearly full reflectivity from Vis to near IR region. The vapor phase growth mechanisms, when natural fluorite with some RE contents has been used, were explained on thermodynamic grounds that shown the manner of reliable control on the phenomenon. The results were anticipated to help for developing new perspective techniques for growth from vapor of several fluoride compounds with complex structure and composition and wide application. It was speculated that similar growth mechanisms of CaF2 crystals were possible on the moon in its very early period of formation.
{"title":"Fluorite Phase Transformations under Vacuum","authors":"J. Mouhovski, O. Vitov, V. Dimov, B. Kostova, S. Gechev","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.43020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.43020","url":null,"abstract":"Complex \u0000crystal aggregates from fluorspar vapor phase were grown at specific low-pressure/high-temperature conditions. The quasi-equilibrium of initiated crystal-chemical \u0000reactions at the proceeding vapour-crystal phase transformation was strongly \u0000dependent on the mass-transport inside an originally designed multicameral \u0000crucible, loaded by several portions of natural fluorite. By changing the \u0000temperature pressure over the already molten fluorspar portions as well as the \u0000gas-permeability of the channels connecting different sections in crucible \u0000interior to vacuum ambient, one may control the rate of gaseous-vapour \u0000diffusion and the degree of supper-saturation inside the peripheral crucible \u0000compartment wherein nucleation and crystal growing occurred. In this way, grown \u0000aggregates revealed a complicated habit formed during three-stage growing \u0000process provided by relevant thermodynamic and phase. Residual stresses were \u0000not observed in the aggregates whereas those in simultaneously grown boules \u0000from the non-vaporized melts in crucible cameras were clearly distinguished. The \u0000optical transmittance spectra of the boules were obtained considerably better, \u0000especially in the UV, comparing to those for crystal aggregates, both showing \u0000several peaks of specific light-absorption due to enhanced presence of \u0000rare-earth (RE) impurities. The aggregates manifest nearly full reflectivity \u0000from Vis to near IR region. The vapor phase growth \u0000mechanisms, when natural fluorite with some RE contents has been used, were explained \u0000on thermodynamic grounds that shown the manner of reliable control on the \u0000phenomenon. The results were anticipated to help for developing new perspective \u0000techniques for growth from vapor of several fluoride compounds with complex \u0000structure and composition and wide application. It was speculated that similar growth mechanisms of CaF2 crystals were possible on the moon in its very early period of formation.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70943210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previously we derived equations determining line broadening in ax-ray diffraction profile due to stacking faults. Here, we will consider line broadening due to particle size and strain which are the other factors affecting line broadening in a diffraction profile. When line broadening in a diffraction profile is due to particle size and strain, the theoretical model of the sample under study is either a Gaussian or a Cauchy function or a combination of these functions, e.g. Voigt and Pseudovoigt functions. Although the overall nature of these functions can be determined by Mitra’s R(x) test and the Pearson and Hartley x test, details of a predicted model will be lacking. Development of a mathematical model to predict various parameters before embarking upon the actual experiment would enable correction of significant sources of error prior to calculations. Therefore, in this study, predictors of integral width, Fourier Transform, Second and Fourth Moment and Fourth Cumulant of samples represented by Gauss, Cauchy, Voigt and Pseudovoigt functions have been worked out. An additional parameter, the coefficient of excess, which is the ratio of the Fourth Moment to three times the square of the Second Moment, has been proposed. For a Gaussian profile the coefficient of excess is one, whereas for Cauchy distributions, it is a function of the lattice variable. This parameter can also be used for determining the type of distribution present in aggregates of distorted crystallites. Programs used to define the crystal structure of materials need to take this parameter into consideration.
{"title":"Theoretical Model of Diffraction Line Profiles as Combinations of Gaussian and Cauchy Distributions","authors":"G. B. Mitra","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.43019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.43019","url":null,"abstract":"Previously \u0000we derived equations determining line broadening in ax-ray diffraction profile \u0000due to stacking faults. Here, we will consider line broadening due to particle \u0000size and strain which are the other factors affecting line broadening in a \u0000diffraction profile. When line broadening in a diffraction profile is due to \u0000particle size and strain, the theoretical model of the sample under study is \u0000either a Gaussian or a Cauchy function or a combination of these functions, \u0000e.g. Voigt and Pseudovoigt functions. \u0000Although the overall nature of these functions can be determined by Mitra’s R(x) test and the Pearson and Hartley x test, details of a predicted model will be lacking. Development of a \u0000mathematical model to predict various parameters before embarking upon the \u0000actual experiment would enable correction of significant sources of error prior \u0000to calculations. Therefore, in this study, predictors of integral width, Fourier \u0000Transform, Second and Fourth Moment and Fourth Cumulant of samples represented \u0000by Gauss, Cauchy, Voigt and Pseudovoigt functions have been worked out. An \u0000additional parameter, the coefficient of excess, which is the ratio of the \u0000Fourth Moment to three times the square of the Second Moment, has been \u0000proposed. For a Gaussian profile the coefficient of excess is one, whereas for \u0000Cauchy distributions, it is a function of the lattice variable. This parameter \u0000can also be used for determining the type of distribution present in aggregates \u0000of distorted crystallites. Programs used to define the crystal structure of \u0000materials need to take this parameter into consideration.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70943277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Lei, Dehua Zhang, Yang Liu, Guanghui Tian, Hongguang Ge
A pair of new anticancer nucleosides based on 1,2,4-triazole nucleosides and 1-((2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl)-5-(phenylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide have been synthesized, and have given the corresponding products in excellent yields. Its structures and conformations were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
{"title":"Synthesis and X-Ray Structure of New Anticancer Nucleosides Based on 1-((2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-5-(phenylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide","authors":"Yu Lei, Dehua Zhang, Yang Liu, Guanghui Tian, Hongguang Ge","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.43017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.43017","url":null,"abstract":"A pair of new anticancer nucleosides based on 1,2,4-triazole \u0000nucleosides and 1-((2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl)-5-(phenylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide \u0000have been synthesized, and have given the corresponding products in excellent \u0000yields. Its structures and conformations were confirmed by single crystal X-ray \u0000diffraction.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reinvestigation of the growth of L-proline succinate (1) (Paramasivam and Ramachandra Raja, Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology, 2 (2012) 21 - 24; Balamurugaraj et al., Journal of Material Physics and Chemistry 1 (2013) 4 - 8) and L-threonine zinc acetate (2) (Puhal Raj and Ramachandra Raja, Photonics and Optoelectronics, 2 (2013) 56 - 64) is reported. Slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing equimolar quantities of L-proline and succinic acid (for 1) and L-threonine and zinc acetate (for 2) results in the fractional crystallization of succinic acid (in the first case) and L-threonine (in the second case) and not any novel organic non-linear optical (NLO) crystals. In this paper, the usefulness of infrared spectra for correct product characterization is demonstrated.
l -琥珀酸脯氨酸生长的再研究(1)(Paramasivam and Ramachandra Raja, Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology, 2 (2012) 21 - 24;Balamurugaraj等人，材料物理与化学杂志1(2013)4 - 8)和l -苏氨酸醋酸锌(2)(Puhal Raj和Ramachandra Raja, Photonics and Optoelectronics, 2(2013) 56 - 64)的报道。缓慢蒸发含有等摩尔量的l -脯氨酸和琥珀酸(1)以及l -苏氨酸和醋酸锌(2)的水溶液会导致琥珀酸(第一种情况)和l -苏氨酸(第二种情况)的分式结晶，而不是任何新的有机非线性光学(NLO)晶体。本文证明了红外光谱对正确表征产品的有用性。
{"title":"Reinvestigation of the Crystal Growth of “L-Proline Succinate” and “L-Threonine Zinc Acetate” Showing Use of Infrared Spectra for Product Identification","authors":"S. Natarajan, B. R. Srinivasan, K. Moovendaran","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.42015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.42015","url":null,"abstract":"Reinvestigation of the growth of L-proline succinate (1) (Paramasivam \u0000and Ramachandra Raja, Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology, 2 \u0000(2012) 21 - 24; Balamurugaraj et al., Journal of Material Physics and Chemistry 1 \u0000(2013) 4 - 8) and L-threonine zinc acetate (2) (Puhal Raj and \u0000Ramachandra Raja, Photonics and Optoelectronics, 2 (2013) 56 - 64) is reported. \u0000Slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing equimolar quantities of L-proline \u0000and succinic acid (for 1) and L-threonine and zinc acetate (for 2) \u0000results in the fractional crystallization of succinic acid (in the first case) \u0000and L-threonine (in the second case) and not any novel organic \u0000non-linear optical (NLO) crystals. In this paper, the usefulness of infrared \u0000spectra for correct product characterization is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"121-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/JCPT.2014.42015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optically transparent and bulk single crystal of p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate (PTPT) was grown by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters and crystallinity of the grown crystal were estimated by single crystal XRD. The optical absorption of the crystal was recorded using the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The optical bandgap and optical constants of the material were determined by using absorption spectrum. The refractive index of the grown crystal has been determined using the Brewster angle method. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured as a function of frequency and temperature for the grown crystal. Nonlinear optical properties were performed to confirm the SHG efficiency of the grown crystal. Hence, PTPT is an excellent NLO material with enhanced SHG efficiency required for important applications in the field of optoelectronic and photonics. This material exhibits NLO behaviour remarkably due to its better optical and dielectric properties.
{"title":"Studies on Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Organic Nonlinear Optical p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate Single Crystal","authors":"S. Sagadevan, P. Murugasen","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.42013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.42013","url":null,"abstract":"The optically transparent and bulk single crystal of p-Toluidine \u0000p-Toluenesulfonate (PTPT) was grown by slow evaporation technique. The lattice \u0000parameters and crystallinity of the grown crystal were estimated by single \u0000crystal XRD. The optical absorption of the crystal was recorded using the \u0000UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The optical bandgap and optical constants of the \u0000material were determined by using absorption spectrum. The refractive index of \u0000the grown crystal has been determined using the Brewster angle method. The \u0000dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured as a function of \u0000frequency and temperature for the grown crystal. Nonlinear optical properties were performed to confirm the SHG \u0000efficiency of the grown crystal. Hence, PTPT is an excellent NLO material with \u0000enhanced SHG efficiency required for important applications in the field of \u0000optoelectronic and photonics. This material exhibits NLO behaviour remarkably \u0000due to its better optical and dielectric properties.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70943121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied precipitation patterns in a Liesegang system under microwave irradiation in order to investigate metal salt diffusion in an electrolyte gel. The salt species and microwave irradiation power were varied. Microwave irradiation induced periodic patterns of precipitation because polar molecules vibrate and rotate in an electromagnetic field. For example, the number of patterns increased with the irradiation power. Accordingly, microwave irradiation nonlinearly accelerated the diffusion of ionic molecules.
{"title":"Precipitation Behavior in Liesegang Systems under Microwave Irradiation","authors":"Y. Kanazawa, Y. Asakuma","doi":"10.4236/JCPT.2014.42009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCPT.2014.42009","url":null,"abstract":"We studied precipitation patterns in a Liesegang system under microwave irradiation in order to investigate metal salt diffusion in an electrolyte gel. The salt species and microwave irradiation power were varied. Microwave irradiation induced periodic patterns of precipitation because polar molecules vibrate and rotate in an electromagnetic field. For example, the number of patterns increased with the irradiation power. Accordingly, microwave irradiation nonlinearly accelerated the diffusion of ionic molecules.","PeriodicalId":64440,"journal":{"name":"结晶过程及技术期刊(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70943073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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