Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341534
T. Wada, A. Takeno, M. Iwaki, H. Sasabe
High density polyacetylene film HD-(CH)x was ion-implanted in order to control the conductivity and semiconductor characteristics (i.e., p-type and n-type) as a new technique of doping. When the original (CH)x is p-type, the Na+ implanted film shows diode characteristics in the current-voltage curve, which suggests the formation of p-n junction. We found that the diode characteristics is quite stable in the open air for more than a week. The depth profile of implanted Na+ in the film and the electronic conduction mechanism were discussed.
{"title":"New approach to n-doping of polyacetylene: Ion implantation","authors":"T. Wada, A. Takeno, M. Iwaki, H. Sasabe","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341534","url":null,"abstract":"High density polyacetylene film HD-(CH)x was ion-implanted in order to control the conductivity and semiconductor characteristics (i.e., p-type and n-type) as a new technique of doping. When the original (CH)x is p-type, the Na+ implanted film shows diode characteristics in the current-voltage curve, which suggests the formation of p-n junction. We found that the diode characteristics is quite stable in the open air for more than a week. The depth profile of implanted Na+ in the film and the electronic conduction mechanism were discussed.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"15 1","pages":"536-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82088567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341471
E. López-Cruz, J. Gutierrez-Ibarra
By means of the method of transit time measurements we have injected electrons from the surface of a sulfur single crystal using uv light or from a Te contact using visible (λ = 520 nm) light. Using the model of Simhony and Gorelik we have made the analysis of the results in order to obtain values of the lifetime of electrons either at the surface of sulfur or at the interface Te-sulfur. We obtained values of the lifetime i in the range 1–6 msec. for both cases, from which we conclude that the lifetime is governed by processes taking place in the sulfur crystal.
{"title":"Lifetime of electrons at the surface of sulfur and at the interface Te — Sulfur","authors":"E. López-Cruz, J. Gutierrez-Ibarra","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341471","url":null,"abstract":"By means of the method of transit time measurements we have injected electrons from the surface of a sulfur single crystal using uv light or from a Te contact using visible (λ = 520 nm) light. Using the model of Simhony and Gorelik we have made the analysis of the results in order to obtain values of the lifetime of electrons either at the surface of sulfur or at the interface Te-sulfur. We obtained values of the lifetime i in the range 1–6 msec. for both cases, from which we conclude that the lifetime is governed by processes taking place in the sulfur crystal.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"119 1","pages":"146-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76004985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341558
L. Makovická, B. Guille, A. Moliton, J. Teyssier
A preliminary study enabled us, following a comparison with other electrets classically recognized as such (PE, PTFE, etc.), to show the interesting behaviour of the CR 39 (which is an allyl diglycol carbonate principally utilised as a solid state track detector) as an electret. Charged by Corona method and placed in a Faraday cage, conservation of the charges situates CR 39 between the classical electrets teflon and mylar. We studied the response (in charge terms) of the CR 39 submitted to an X radiation of average energy (77 keV) for dose between O and 8 rads. The discharge curves obtained are very significant and they enable us to prove the possibility of using the CR 39 in electret dosimetry.
{"title":"Possibility of using CR 39 electret in dosimetry","authors":"L. Makovická, B. Guille, A. Moliton, J. Teyssier","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341558","url":null,"abstract":"A preliminary study enabled us, following a comparison with other electrets classically recognized as such (PE, PTFE, etc.), to show the interesting behaviour of the CR 39 (which is an allyl diglycol carbonate principally utilised as a solid state track detector) as an electret. Charged by Corona method and placed in a Faraday cage, conservation of the charges situates CR 39 between the classical electrets teflon and mylar. We studied the response (in charge terms) of the CR 39 submitted to an X radiation of average energy (77 keV) for dose between O and 8 rads. The discharge curves obtained are very significant and they enable us to prove the possibility of using the CR 39 in electret dosimetry.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"15 1","pages":"690-695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84832359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341474
Noriaki Fukushi
Polymer materials, usually, contain various additives, for example, antioxidants, slipping agents and the others. The chemical structures of these additives are essentially polar, and, consequently, these additives give great effects on the electrical properties of polymer materials. In this paper, in order to investigate the effects of additives on the thermally stimulated current (TSC) in polyethylene, additives those chemical structures are known were blended in polyethylene without additives, and, the TSC of these polyethylene were measured.
{"title":"Effects of additives on the thermally stimulated current in polyethylene","authors":"Noriaki Fukushi","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341474","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer materials, usually, contain various additives, for example, antioxidants, slipping agents and the others. The chemical structures of these additives are essentially polar, and, consequently, these additives give great effects on the electrical properties of polymer materials. In this paper, in order to investigate the effects of additives on the thermally stimulated current (TSC) in polyethylene, additives those chemical structures are known were blended in polyethylene without additives, and, the TSC of these polyethylene were measured.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"45 1","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88410870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341507
K. Ohara
Charge decay on corona (negative) charged and its back surfaces of tactic polymethyl methacrylate films was measured. Polarity of the charge on the charged surface was negative but that on the back surface was positive. In some cases, the polarity reversed. Charges on both surfaces decreased un-symmetrically. Three relaxation times and corresponding charge mobilities were evaluated. Current transient was investigated for the virgin and charged films. Three time constants in absorbtion processes were obtained. TSDC of corona-charged films was measured. It was concluded that the molecular configuration affects the static electrification.
{"title":"Charge decay on both surfaces of charged stereoregular PMMA films","authors":"K. Ohara","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341507","url":null,"abstract":"Charge decay on corona (negative) charged and its back surfaces of tactic polymethyl methacrylate films was measured. Polarity of the charge on the charged surface was negative but that on the back surface was positive. In some cases, the polarity reversed. Charges on both surfaces decreased un-symmetrically. Three relaxation times and corresponding charge mobilities were evaluated. Current transient was investigated for the virgin and charged films. Three time constants in absorbtion processes were obtained. TSDC of corona-charged films was measured. It was concluded that the molecular configuration affects the static electrification.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"80 1","pages":"358-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82809410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341597
M. Date
The pyroelectric constant of poled VDF/TrFE copolymers shows a peak during heating associated with a ferroelectric phase transition. When the bias electric field is applied in the same direction as the remanent polarization, the peak shifts to higher temperature. When the bias electric field is applied in the reverse direction, the peak shifts to lower temperature followed by reversal of the sign of the pyroelectric constant and a second peak. The shift of peak temperature with bias field is discussed on the basis of Clausius Clapeyron's equation.
{"title":"Effect of bias electric field on phase transition in vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymers","authors":"M. Date","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341597","url":null,"abstract":"The pyroelectric constant of poled VDF/TrFE copolymers shows a peak during heating associated with a ferroelectric phase transition. When the bias electric field is applied in the same direction as the remanent polarization, the peak shifts to higher temperature. When the bias electric field is applied in the reverse direction, the peak shifts to lower temperature followed by reversal of the sign of the pyroelectric constant and a second peak. The shift of peak temperature with bias field is discussed on the basis of Clausius Clapeyron's equation.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"14 1","pages":"930-935"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74278882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341571
H. Baumgartner, F. Loffler, H. Umhauer
Deep-bed electret filters are used to separate fine particles (diameters < 10μm) from gas flows. Compared with conventional deep-bed filters having similiar pressure losses, they operate with substantially higher collection efficiencies. In this paper, two experimental methods allowing the charge characteristics of single electret fibres to be determined, are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the results of the investigated fractional efficiency measurements are given for experiments conducted on two different filter materials, for a particle size range of 10 nm to 10 μm, and at a filter face velocity of 10 cm/s.
{"title":"The collection performance of deep-bed electret filters","authors":"H. Baumgartner, F. Loffler, H. Umhauer","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341571","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-bed electret filters are used to separate fine particles (diameters < 10μm) from gas flows. Compared with conventional deep-bed filters having similiar pressure losses, they operate with substantially higher collection efficiencies. In this paper, two experimental methods allowing the charge characteristics of single electret fibres to be determined, are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the results of the investigated fractional efficiency measurements are given for experiments conducted on two different filter materials, for a particle size range of 10 nm to 10 μm, and at a filter face velocity of 10 cm/s.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"23 1","pages":"772-777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72772613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341587
Y. Ando, M. Minato, K. Nishida, E. Fukada
Oriented films of a copolymer of 75 mol% ß-hydroxybutyrate and 25 mol% ß-hydroxyvalerate produced from microorganism showed intrinsic shear piezoelectricity. Complex piezoelectric constant e=e'-ie", elastic constant c= c'+ ic" and dielectric constant ε= ε' — iε" were dynamically determined at 0.8–100 Hz and at −40 −40°C. Relaxational behaviors of these quantities were observed around glass transition temperature. Assuming time-temperature equivalence, master curves for these three constants were well composed. The temperature variation of shift factor fitted well to WLF equation. The theory of spherical dispersion model, in which piezoelectric crystalline are dispersed in relaxing amorphous medium, was satisfactorily applied for the piezoelectric relaxation.
{"title":"Primary piezoelectric relaxation in copolymers of β-hydroxybutyrate and β-hydroxyvalerate","authors":"Y. Ando, M. Minato, K. Nishida, E. Fukada","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341587","url":null,"abstract":"Oriented films of a copolymer of 75 mol% ß-hydroxybutyrate and 25 mol% ß-hydroxyvalerate produced from microorganism showed intrinsic shear piezoelectricity. Complex piezoelectric constant e=e'-ie\", elastic constant c= c'+ ic\" and dielectric constant ε= ε' — iε\" were dynamically determined at 0.8–100 Hz and at −40 −40°C. Relaxational behaviors of these quantities were observed around glass transition temperature. Assuming time-temperature equivalence, master curves for these three constants were well composed. The temperature variation of shift factor fitted well to WLF equation. The theory of spherical dispersion model, in which piezoelectric crystalline are dispersed in relaxing amorphous medium, was satisfactorily applied for the piezoelectric relaxation.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"32 1","pages":"871-876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73325313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341488
E. Marchal, V. Soto, J. Galin
Thermally stimulated depolarization currents of three aromatic and three aliphatic poly(sulphopropylbetaines) are described in the range −190 to +180°C. No particular relaxation common to all six polymers due to the presence of the zwitterionic group is revealed at low temperatures. A peak in the 100–170°C region occurs for all the samples. It is related to a glass transition in two cases. Very high dielectric constant increments, Δε > 100, are obtained for this peak in four cases. For these hygroscopic polymers water acts as a plasticizer for this peak without changing Δε.
{"title":"High dielectric constant values in some polyampholytes as observed by thermally stimulated depolarization","authors":"E. Marchal, V. Soto, J. Galin","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341488","url":null,"abstract":"Thermally stimulated depolarization currents of three aromatic and three aliphatic poly(sulphopropylbetaines) are described in the range −190 to +180°C. No particular relaxation common to all six polymers due to the presence of the zwitterionic group is revealed at low temperatures. A peak in the 100–170°C region occurs for all the samples. It is related to a glass transition in two cases. Very high dielectric constant increments, Δε > 100, are obtained for this peak in four cases. For these hygroscopic polymers water acts as a plasticizer for this peak without changing Δε.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"24 1","pages":"247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90415968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341465
M. Ieda, T. Mizutani, S. Ikeda
Electrical conductions of polyethylene, polypropylene and related fluorinated polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer were measured by using the corona electrode. The polarity of dominant carriers changed from negative to positive with increasing the ratio of fluorine atoms to hydrogen atoms. Electronegative fluorine atoms were concluded to provide deep trap sites of negative carriers and suppressed the current due to negative carriers.
{"title":"Electrical conduction and chemical structures of insulating polymers","authors":"M. Ieda, T. Mizutani, S. Ikeda","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341465","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical conductions of polyethylene, polypropylene and related fluorinated polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer were measured by using the corona electrode. The polarity of dominant carriers changed from negative to positive with increasing the ratio of fluorine atoms to hydrogen atoms. Electronegative fluorine atoms were concluded to provide deep trap sites of negative carriers and suppressed the current due to negative carriers.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"27 1","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85190369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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