Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341540
S. Sapieha, J. E. Klemberg-Saphieha, L. Quellet, M. Wertheimer
Plasma polymer films produced by high frequency glow discharges occur in an electret state, under suitable fabrication conditions. These have been examined in detail for the case of the organsilicon, hexamethyldixiloxane. Surface potentials up to about 50 volts have been measured for freshly prepared samples. However, under certain fabrication conditions, residual mechanical stresses cause microscopic separation of the films from their substrate, which has been found to give rise to surface potentials of several hundred volts.
{"title":"Plasma polymer electrets","authors":"S. Sapieha, J. E. Klemberg-Saphieha, L. Quellet, M. Wertheimer","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341540","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma polymer films produced by high frequency glow discharges occur in an electret state, under suitable fabrication conditions. These have been examined in detail for the case of the organsilicon, hexamethyldixiloxane. Surface potentials up to about 50 volts have been measured for freshly prepared samples. However, under certain fabrication conditions, residual mechanical stresses cause microscopic separation of the films from their substrate, which has been found to give rise to surface potentials of several hundred volts.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"1 1","pages":"571-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82608846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341478
Ranjit J. Singh, S. Datt
Investigation of thermally stimulated charge decay (TSCD) and of short-circuit thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) was undertaken in one-sided vacuum aluminized 25 μm thick polystyrene samples subjected to negative corona charging with corona voltages ranging from 6 to 9 kV at temperatures 40°C and above. Charge stability has been found to increase considerably in samples charged above 70°C# This has been considered to be due to the localization of charge carriers in deep traps at higher charging temperatures. These results support the view that the stable electrets suitable for practical use can be obtained by high-temperature corona charging.
{"title":"Thermally stimulated current and charge decay studies in polystyrene thin films","authors":"Ranjit J. Singh, S. Datt","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341478","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of thermally stimulated charge decay (TSCD) and of short-circuit thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) was undertaken in one-sided vacuum aluminized 25 μm thick polystyrene samples subjected to negative corona charging with corona voltages ranging from 6 to 9 kV at temperatures 40°C and above. Charge stability has been found to increase considerably in samples charged above 70°C# This has been considered to be due to the localization of charge carriers in deep traps at higher charging temperatures. These results support the view that the stable electrets suitable for practical use can be obtained by high-temperature corona charging.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"114 1","pages":"191-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85847690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341556
S. Crestana, S. Mascarenhas
A very convenient method was obtained for electretcharging using alpha-particles from an Am 2 41 source with simultaneous application of an electric potential (100 to 1000 V). This is similar to charging with X or gamma rays as previously reported (1, 2). With the use of tiny sources (from smoke detectors for ex.) a rechargeable and portable electret dosemeter can be built. Alpha particle dosimetry can also be obtained with the measurements either of charging or discharging of the electret.
{"title":"Electret production and dosimetry with alpha-particles","authors":"S. Crestana, S. Mascarenhas","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341556","url":null,"abstract":"A very convenient method was obtained for electretcharging using alpha-particles from an Am 2 41 source with simultaneous application of an electric potential (100 to 1000 V). This is similar to charging with X or gamma rays as previously reported (1, 2). With the use of tiny sources (from smoke detectors for ex.) a rechargeable and portable electret dosemeter can be built. Alpha particle dosimetry can also be obtained with the measurements either of charging or discharging of the electret.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"18 1","pages":"678-683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85644538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341535
P. Elsner, P. Eyerer
When a transition front or a phase front moves within a dielectric material, a spontaneous electrical potential(SEP) or a spontaneous electrical current (SEC) can be observed without applied external voltage (zero bias). We found this effect during crosslinking of polyurethane, polysiloxane, unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins, and unsaturated polyester resins and also during softening, melting and crystallization of thermoplastics and during permeation of water through polyamide and polyurethane films.
{"title":"Spontaneous electrical current (SEC) and potentials (SEP) curing crosslinking melting, softening and permeation processes in polymers","authors":"P. Elsner, P. Eyerer","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341535","url":null,"abstract":"When a transition front or a phase front moves within a dielectric material, a spontaneous electrical potential(SEP) or a spontaneous electrical current (SEC) can be observed without applied external voltage (zero bias). We found this effect during crosslinking of polyurethane, polysiloxane, unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins, and unsaturated polyester resins and also during softening, melting and crystallization of thermoplastics and during permeation of water through polyamide and polyurethane films.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"89 1","pages":"541-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76235511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341579
Y. Yagyik, I. M. Talwar, N. Lal, K. Nagpaul, R. Gupta, R. Jethi
Thermoelectrets of kidney stones, surgically removed from the patient's body were form [3], which showed the presence of dipolar polarization. In the present communication bioelectret studies, through thermally stimulated polarization (TSP) of two different stones has been reported. It has been observed that the peak temperature of the surface and of the core of each stone appears at different temperatures. After comparing these temperatures with those of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, it has been concluded that the nucleus of the kidney stone is calcium oxalate, showing thereby that TSP may be helpful in estimating the composition of kidney stones.
{"title":"Bioelectrets of renal calculi (kidney stone)","authors":"Y. Yagyik, I. M. Talwar, N. Lal, K. Nagpaul, R. Gupta, R. Jethi","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341579","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectrets of kidney stones, surgically removed from the patient's body were form [3], which showed the presence of dipolar polarization. In the present communication bioelectret studies, through thermally stimulated polarization (TSP) of two different stones has been reported. It has been observed that the peak temperature of the surface and of the core of each stone appears at different temperatures. After comparing these temperatures with those of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, it has been concluded that the nucleus of the kidney stone is calcium oxalate, showing thereby that TSP may be helpful in estimating the composition of kidney stones.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"37 1","pages":"819-824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78786807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341589
Takeo Purukawa
The piezoelectric and pyroelectric constants of various ferroelectric polymers have been determined as a function of remanent polarization created as a result of poling. The results are compared with predicted activities arising from macroscopic dimensional changes and rigid dipoles. It is shown that the dimensional effect is dominant in the piezoelectric activity of undrawn polymers. In drawn polymers having relatively low Curie point, however, stress-induced changes in dipole orientation through the electro-strictive coupling play an important role. Pyroelectric activity primarily arises from temperature-induced disordering of dipoles.
{"title":"Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity in ferroelectric polymers","authors":"Takeo Purukawa","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341589","url":null,"abstract":"The piezoelectric and pyroelectric constants of various ferroelectric polymers have been determined as a function of remanent polarization created as a result of poling. The results are compared with predicted activities arising from macroscopic dimensional changes and rigid dipoles. It is shown that the dimensional effect is dominant in the piezoelectric activity of undrawn polymers. In drawn polymers having relatively low Curie point, however, stress-induced changes in dipole orientation through the electro-strictive coupling play an important role. Pyroelectric activity primarily arises from temperature-induced disordering of dipoles.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"74 1","pages":"883-888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74964480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341521
T. Takada, T. Maeno, H. Kushibe
The determination of the amount and distribution profile of charges in insulators has been studied by various methods, some of them utilizing thermal, mechanical and electrical stimulations. A new method incorporating pulse electrical stimulations and pulse acoustic detection is reported here, along with the preliminary results of the measurement of the amount and distribution profile of charges in electron-beam irradiated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples. The amount and the distribution of charges are obtained by the size and timing of acoustic signals produced in response to a high voltage impulse applied to the sample. Thus, determination of the profile of the spatial charge distribution in a sample became possible. A 5 mm thick PMMA plate irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at 0.5 −3.0 Mrads was found to trap charges of approximately −0.3 μC/cm2 at a mean depth of about 2 mm.
{"title":"An electric stress pulse technique for the measurement of charges in a plastic plate irradiated by an electron beam","authors":"T. Takada, T. Maeno, H. Kushibe","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341521","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the amount and distribution profile of charges in insulators has been studied by various methods, some of them utilizing thermal, mechanical and electrical stimulations. A new method incorporating pulse electrical stimulations and pulse acoustic detection is reported here, along with the preliminary results of the measurement of the amount and distribution profile of charges in electron-beam irradiated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples. The amount and the distribution of charges are obtained by the size and timing of acoustic signals produced in response to a high voltage impulse applied to the sample. Thus, determination of the profile of the spatial charge distribution in a sample became possible. A 5 mm thick PMMA plate irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at 0.5 −3.0 Mrads was found to trap charges of approximately −0.3 μC/cm2 at a mean depth of about 2 mm.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"1 1","pages":"450-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341585
D. Geiss, R. Danz, A. Janke, W. Kunstler
Uniaxially stretched poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films containing β-phase only or both α and β-phases as well as 12/um biaxially oriented commercial PVDF-films were investigated by means of modified x-ray and infrared techniques. The structural changes were examined in response to the applied poling field (≤ 450 MV/m) and the poling temperature at various levels. The changes in the orientation state determined by pole figure measurements, the various crystal phase transitions, the conformational conversion TGTS in TT, and the increase of ciystallinity in the β-phase were discussed in comparison with the piezoelectric strain and stress coefficients d31 and e31.
{"title":"Field induced structure transition in poly (vinylidene fluoride)","authors":"D. Geiss, R. Danz, A. Janke, W. Kunstler","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341585","url":null,"abstract":"Uniaxially stretched poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films containing β-phase only or both α and β-phases as well as 12/um biaxially oriented commercial PVDF-films were investigated by means of modified x-ray and infrared techniques. The structural changes were examined in response to the applied poling field (≤ 450 MV/m) and the poling temperature at various levels. The changes in the orientation state determined by pole figure measurements, the various crystal phase transitions, the conformational conversion TGTS in TT, and the increase of ciystallinity in the β-phase were discussed in comparison with the piezoelectric strain and stress coefficients d31 and e31.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"15 1","pages":"857-864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73270837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341500
H. von Berlepsch, L. Brehmer, D. Geiss
Based on measurements of the isothermal surface potential kinetics the charge carrier transport in HDPE is investigated. A simple mathematical model for discribing the surface potential kinetics is presented involving hopping transport of injected charge carriers being modulated by shallow and deep traps at the surface and in the bulk. The model parameters, as charge carrier mobility, hopping distance, trap concentration, trap depth and attempt-to-escape frequency were determined by curve fitting. The resulting dependence of mobility and lifetime on the field strength is discussed.
{"title":"Trap-controlled hopping in HDPE","authors":"H. von Berlepsch, L. Brehmer, D. Geiss","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341500","url":null,"abstract":"Based on measurements of the isothermal surface potential kinetics the charge carrier transport in HDPE is investigated. A simple mathematical model for discribing the surface potential kinetics is presented involving hopping transport of injected charge carriers being modulated by shallow and deep traps at the surface and in the bulk. The model parameters, as charge carrier mobility, hopping distance, trap concentration, trap depth and attempt-to-escape frequency were determined by curve fitting. The resulting dependence of mobility and lifetime on the field strength is discussed.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"86 1","pages":"316-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74199732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341466
J. Ulański, J. K. Jeszka, Ireneusz Geowacki, M. Kryszewski
The surface component of absorption/resorption currents i.e. the component related to the electrode edge is investigated-Different electrode preparation techniques are used to obtain qualitative modification of the electrode edge geometry, the most unusual being reticulate CT complex electrodes. It was found that the surface component of absorption/resorption currents in polycarbonate is very sensitive to the electrode preparation. It increases by about an order of magnitude for reticulate CT complex electrode or "tapered" metal electrode as compared with conventional metal electrodes or pressed conductive films. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of high field injection in the viscinity of sharp electrode edges.
{"title":"Surface component of absorption/resorption currents in polycarbonate for different electrodes","authors":"J. Ulański, J. K. Jeszka, Ireneusz Geowacki, M. Kryszewski","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341466","url":null,"abstract":"The surface component of absorption/resorption currents i.e. the component related to the electrode edge is investigated-Different electrode preparation techniques are used to obtain qualitative modification of the electrode edge geometry, the most unusual being reticulate CT complex electrodes. It was found that the surface component of absorption/resorption currents in polycarbonate is very sensitive to the electrode preparation. It increases by about an order of magnitude for reticulate CT complex electrode or \"tapered\" metal electrode as compared with conventional metal electrodes or pressed conductive films. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of high field injection in the viscinity of sharp electrode edges.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"15 1","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74978393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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