Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341501
W. Tomaszewicz
The simplified set of equations, describing dispersive carrier transport in the presence of space charge effects in high-ohmic solid with traps, can be reduced to that corresponding to carrier transport in trap-free solid∗ This relationship is valid for the time much shorter than the effective transit time of carrier packet. Utilising this correspondence, the formulae determining space-charge-perturbed currents (SCPC) and transient space-charge-limited currents (TSCLC) are obtained» The approximate formulae, determining the effective carrier transit time as well as SCPC for the time much greater than the effective transit time are also derived»
{"title":"Space charge effects in dispersive carrier transport","authors":"W. Tomaszewicz","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341501","url":null,"abstract":"The simplified set of equations, describing dispersive carrier transport in the presence of space charge effects in high-ohmic solid with traps, can be reduced to that corresponding to carrier transport in trap-free solid∗ This relationship is valid for the time much shorter than the effective transit time of carrier packet. Utilising this correspondence, the formulae determining space-charge-perturbed currents (SCPC) and transient space-charge-limited currents (TSCLC) are obtained» The approximate formulae, determining the effective carrier transit time as well as SCPC for the time much greater than the effective transit time are also derived»","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"210 1","pages":"322-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79670248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341540
S. Sapieha, J. E. Klemberg-Saphieha, L. Quellet, M. Wertheimer
Plasma polymer films produced by high frequency glow discharges occur in an electret state, under suitable fabrication conditions. These have been examined in detail for the case of the organsilicon, hexamethyldixiloxane. Surface potentials up to about 50 volts have been measured for freshly prepared samples. However, under certain fabrication conditions, residual mechanical stresses cause microscopic separation of the films from their substrate, which has been found to give rise to surface potentials of several hundred volts.
{"title":"Plasma polymer electrets","authors":"S. Sapieha, J. E. Klemberg-Saphieha, L. Quellet, M. Wertheimer","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341540","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma polymer films produced by high frequency glow discharges occur in an electret state, under suitable fabrication conditions. These have been examined in detail for the case of the organsilicon, hexamethyldixiloxane. Surface potentials up to about 50 volts have been measured for freshly prepared samples. However, under certain fabrication conditions, residual mechanical stresses cause microscopic separation of the films from their substrate, which has been found to give rise to surface potentials of several hundred volts.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"1 1","pages":"571-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82608846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341570
D. Blackford, R. Brown
Air filters constructed from electrets must have an electric field external to the electret material. This can be achieved by placing a corrugated conductor close to the surface of a planar electret, resulting in a system of parallel pores, with a low resistance to airflow, and an electric field perpecidicular to the airflow. The charge on such a filter has been measured by X-irradiation, and that on its component material with a probe, the two methods giving similar results. The electric field inside the filter has been calculated by a self-consistent method. Specimen results for filtration efficiency are given.
{"title":"An air filter made from an electret and a conductor","authors":"D. Blackford, R. Brown","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341570","url":null,"abstract":"Air filters constructed from electrets must have an electric field external to the electret material. This can be achieved by placing a corrugated conductor close to the surface of a planar electret, resulting in a system of parallel pores, with a low resistance to airflow, and an electric field perpecidicular to the airflow. The charge on such a filter has been measured by X-irradiation, and that on its component material with a probe, the two methods giving similar results. The electric field inside the filter has been calculated by a self-consistent method. Specimen results for filtration efficiency are given.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"63 3","pages":"766-771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72581030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341475
K. Shindo
A peak at high temperature in a thermogram of thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) of an electret of polyethylene-terephthalate is explained with space charge transfer. Electron and/or holes released from traps make space charge in transport state which is assumed to be of a hopping nature. A concept of thermally stimulated mobility is applied to this process. Transition between trap and transport state, and charge transfer in the latter states are described with simultaneous differential equations. We solve these equations numerically and adjust parameters to make a calculated peak reproduce an observed one as well as possible.
{"title":"Thermally stimulated current by charge transfer","authors":"K. Shindo","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341475","url":null,"abstract":"A peak at high temperature in a thermogram of thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) of an electret of polyethylene-terephthalate is explained with space charge transfer. Electron and/or holes released from traps make space charge in transport state which is assumed to be of a hopping nature. A concept of thermally stimulated mobility is applied to this process. Transition between trap and transport state, and charge transfer in the latter states are described with simultaneous differential equations. We solve these equations numerically and adjust parameters to make a calculated peak reproduce an observed one as well as possible.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"40 1","pages":"189-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76757449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341576
H. Coufal
The use of pyroelectric thin film electrets for calorimetry of transient heating processes is explored. A pyroelectric calorimeter which combines a time resolution of nanoseconds with a sensitivity of nanocalories is described. The versatility and the unique properties of this new type of device are demonstrated with several applications in spectroscopy and the thermal analysis of thin films. Data are presented on thermal properties of thin films and on phase transitions in optical recording materials during laser annealing. In addition results on spectroscopy of thin films and adsorbates are reported.
{"title":"Highly time resolved calorimetry using pyroelectric thin film electrets","authors":"H. Coufal","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341576","url":null,"abstract":"The use of pyroelectric thin film electrets for calorimetry of transient heating processes is explored. A pyroelectric calorimeter which combines a time resolution of nanoseconds with a sensitivity of nanocalories is described. The versatility and the unique properties of this new type of device are demonstrated with several applications in spectroscopy and the thermal analysis of thin films. Data are presented on thermal properties of thin films and on phase transitions in optical recording materials during laser annealing. In addition results on spectroscopy of thin films and adsorbates are reported.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"59 1","pages":"801-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76347793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341536
S. Lang, D. Das-Gupta
Electroded and annealed polyethylene-films were thermally poled and the recently-developed Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM) was used to measure the spatial distributions o-f both polarization and space charge through the thickness o-f the samples. Polarization due to the orientation o-f impurity dipoles and trapped space charge interacted in a complex manner to produce the pyroelectric currents excited by laser beam heating o-f the electrets. Comparisons are made with results obtained on thermally poled polyvinylidene fluoride.
{"title":"Space charge distributions in thermally poled polyethylene","authors":"S. Lang, D. Das-Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341536","url":null,"abstract":"Electroded and annealed polyethylene-films were thermally poled and the recently-developed Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM) was used to measure the spatial distributions o-f both polarization and space charge through the thickness o-f the samples. Polarization due to the orientation o-f impurity dipoles and trapped space charge interacted in a complex manner to produce the pyroelectric currents excited by laser beam heating o-f the electrets. Comparisons are made with results obtained on thermally poled polyvinylidene fluoride.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"67 1","pages":"547-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83463994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341478
Ranjit J. Singh, S. Datt
Investigation of thermally stimulated charge decay (TSCD) and of short-circuit thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) was undertaken in one-sided vacuum aluminized 25 μm thick polystyrene samples subjected to negative corona charging with corona voltages ranging from 6 to 9 kV at temperatures 40°C and above. Charge stability has been found to increase considerably in samples charged above 70°C# This has been considered to be due to the localization of charge carriers in deep traps at higher charging temperatures. These results support the view that the stable electrets suitable for practical use can be obtained by high-temperature corona charging.
{"title":"Thermally stimulated current and charge decay studies in polystyrene thin films","authors":"Ranjit J. Singh, S. Datt","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341478","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of thermally stimulated charge decay (TSCD) and of short-circuit thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) was undertaken in one-sided vacuum aluminized 25 μm thick polystyrene samples subjected to negative corona charging with corona voltages ranging from 6 to 9 kV at temperatures 40°C and above. Charge stability has been found to increase considerably in samples charged above 70°C# This has been considered to be due to the localization of charge carriers in deep traps at higher charging temperatures. These results support the view that the stable electrets suitable for practical use can be obtained by high-temperature corona charging.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"114 1","pages":"191-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85847690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341556
S. Crestana, S. Mascarenhas
A very convenient method was obtained for electretcharging using alpha-particles from an Am 2 41 source with simultaneous application of an electric potential (100 to 1000 V). This is similar to charging with X or gamma rays as previously reported (1, 2). With the use of tiny sources (from smoke detectors for ex.) a rechargeable and portable electret dosemeter can be built. Alpha particle dosimetry can also be obtained with the measurements either of charging or discharging of the electret.
{"title":"Electret production and dosimetry with alpha-particles","authors":"S. Crestana, S. Mascarenhas","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341556","url":null,"abstract":"A very convenient method was obtained for electretcharging using alpha-particles from an Am 2 41 source with simultaneous application of an electric potential (100 to 1000 V). This is similar to charging with X or gamma rays as previously reported (1, 2). With the use of tiny sources (from smoke detectors for ex.) a rechargeable and portable electret dosemeter can be built. Alpha particle dosimetry can also be obtained with the measurements either of charging or discharging of the electret.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"18 1","pages":"678-683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85644538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341535
P. Elsner, P. Eyerer
When a transition front or a phase front moves within a dielectric material, a spontaneous electrical potential(SEP) or a spontaneous electrical current (SEC) can be observed without applied external voltage (zero bias). We found this effect during crosslinking of polyurethane, polysiloxane, unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins, and unsaturated polyester resins and also during softening, melting and crystallization of thermoplastics and during permeation of water through polyamide and polyurethane films.
{"title":"Spontaneous electrical current (SEC) and potentials (SEP) curing crosslinking melting, softening and permeation processes in polymers","authors":"P. Elsner, P. Eyerer","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341535","url":null,"abstract":"When a transition front or a phase front moves within a dielectric material, a spontaneous electrical potential(SEP) or a spontaneous electrical current (SEC) can be observed without applied external voltage (zero bias). We found this effect during crosslinking of polyurethane, polysiloxane, unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins, and unsaturated polyester resins and also during softening, melting and crystallization of thermoplastics and during permeation of water through polyamide and polyurethane films.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"89 1","pages":"541-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76235511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1985.7341579
Y. Yagyik, I. M. Talwar, N. Lal, K. Nagpaul, R. Gupta, R. Jethi
Thermoelectrets of kidney stones, surgically removed from the patient's body were form [3], which showed the presence of dipolar polarization. In the present communication bioelectret studies, through thermally stimulated polarization (TSP) of two different stones has been reported. It has been observed that the peak temperature of the surface and of the core of each stone appears at different temperatures. After comparing these temperatures with those of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, it has been concluded that the nucleus of the kidney stone is calcium oxalate, showing thereby that TSP may be helpful in estimating the composition of kidney stones.
{"title":"Bioelectrets of renal calculi (kidney stone)","authors":"Y. Yagyik, I. M. Talwar, N. Lal, K. Nagpaul, R. Gupta, R. Jethi","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1985.7341579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1985.7341579","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectrets of kidney stones, surgically removed from the patient's body were form [3], which showed the presence of dipolar polarization. In the present communication bioelectret studies, through thermally stimulated polarization (TSP) of two different stones has been reported. It has been observed that the peak temperature of the surface and of the core of each stone appears at different temperatures. After comparing these temperatures with those of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, it has been concluded that the nucleus of the kidney stone is calcium oxalate, showing thereby that TSP may be helpful in estimating the composition of kidney stones.","PeriodicalId":6451,"journal":{"name":"1985 5th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 5)","volume":"37 1","pages":"819-824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78786807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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