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2014 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops最新文献

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2nd FOCAS Workshop on Fundamentals of Collective Adaptive Systems 第二届中非合作论坛集体适应系统基础研讨会
Giacomo Cabri, E. Hart
The FoCAS workshop focuses on identifying and addressing challenges related to the development of collective adaptive systems -- systems composed of massive numbers of components in which both invidual elements and the system as whole adapt to changing execution conditions. The 2014 workshop at SASO is the 2nd occurrence of the workshop, following the first successful FOCAS workshop held at the European Conference on ALife (ECAL) in 2013.
FoCAS研讨会的重点是识别和解决与集体自适应系统开发相关的挑战——由大量组件组成的系统,其中的单个元素和整个系统都能适应不断变化的执行条件。2014年在SASO举办的研讨会是继2013年在欧洲生命会议(ECAL)成功举办首届中非合作论坛研讨会之后的第二次研讨会。
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引用次数: 1
Fault-Prevention in Smart Environments for Dependable Applications 面向可靠应用的智能环境故障预防
E. Warriach, T. Ozcelebi, J. Lukkien
The functionality and the performance of smart environment applications can be hampered by faults. Fault tolerance solutions aim to achieve graceful performance degradation in the presence of faults, ideally without leading to application failures. This is a reactive approach and, by itself, gives little flexibility and time for preventing potential failures. We propose a proactive fault-prevention framework, which predicts potential low-level hardware, software and network faults and tries to prevent them via dynamic adaptation. We envision that the proposed framework will provide better control over performance degradation of smart environment applications, increased reliability and availability, and a reduced number of manual user interventions.
智能环境应用程序的功能和性能可能会受到故障的影响。容错解决方案的目标是在存在故障的情况下实现优雅的性能下降,理想情况下不会导致应用程序故障。这是一种被动的方法,它本身没有提供足够的灵活性和时间来防止潜在的故障。我们提出了一种主动故障预防框架,该框架预测潜在的底层硬件、软件和网络故障,并尝试通过动态适应来预防它们。我们设想提出的框架将更好地控制智能环境应用程序的性能下降,提高可靠性和可用性,并减少手动用户干预的数量。
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引用次数: 4
Proactive Guidance for Dynamic and Cooperative Resource Allocation under Uncertainties 不确定条件下资源动态协同配置的主动引导
Gerrit Anders, Florian Siefert, M. Mair, W. Reif
In many technical systems, such as smart grids, the central issue is to enable multiple devices to solve a resource allocation problem in a cooperative manner. If the devices' ability to change their contribution is subject to inertia, the problem has to be solved proactively. This means that the allocation of resources is scheduled beforehand, based on predictions of the future demand. Because of the scheduling problem's complexity, schedules should be created rather sporadically for a coarse-grained time pattern. However, because the resource allocation problem has to be solved for all time steps and the demand and provision of resources is uncertain, devices have to reactively adapt their contributions according to the current circumstances. In this paper, we present a mechanism that allows the participants to incorporate the information of proactively created schedules in their reactive decisions in order to steer the system in a stable and efficient way. In particular, the decisions are guided by schedules that already include information about possible uncertainties. While this combination avoids inertia based problems, it significantly reduces the computational costs of searching for high quality solutions. Throughout the paper, the problem of maintaining the balance between energy production and consumption in decentralized autonomous power management systems serves to illustrate our algorithm and results.
在许多技术系统中,如智能电网,核心问题是使多个设备以合作的方式解决资源分配问题。如果设备改变其贡献的能力受制于惯性,则必须主动解决问题。这意味着资源的分配是预先安排的,基于对未来需求的预测。由于调度问题的复杂性,应该为粗粒度的时间模式零星地创建调度。但是,由于所有时间步骤都需要解决资源分配问题,并且资源的需求和供应是不确定的,设备必须根据当前情况反应性地调整其贡献。在本文中,我们提出了一种机制,允许参与者将主动创建的时间表信息纳入其反应性决策中,从而以稳定有效的方式引导系统。特别是,决策是由已经包含可能的不确定性信息的时间表指导的。虽然这种组合避免了基于惯性的问题,但它显著降低了搜索高质量解决方案的计算成本。在整个论文中,保持分散自治电源管理系统中能源生产和消费之间平衡的问题用于说明我们的算法和结果。
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引用次数: 6
Sybil-Resistant Meta Strategies for the Forwarder's Dilemma 货代困境的抗sybil元策略
Y. Durmus, Andreas Loukas, E. Onur, K. Langendoen
Cooperation is the foundation of wireless ad hoc networks with nodes forwarding their neighbors' packets for the common good. However, energy and bandwidth constraints combined with selfish behaviour lead to collapsed networks where all nodes defect. Researchers have tried to incentivize or enforce the nodes for cooperation in various ways. However, these techniques do not consider the heterogeneous networks in which a diverse set of nodes with different cognitive capabilities exist. Furthermore, in ad hoc networks identity is a fuzzy concept. It is easy to forge multiple identities and hide defective behaviour. Moreover, the nature of the wireless medium is always ambiguous due to collisions, interference and asymmetric links. In all this uncertainty, having complete information about the intentions of the nodes and acting on it is not straightforward. Backed by evolutionary game theory and multi-agent systems research, we adapt and modify two meta strategies to embrace this uncertainty. These modified meta strategies, Win Stay Loose Shift and Stochastic Imitate Best Strategy, do not require strict identity information and only depend on nodes' own capabilities. Nodes monitor the traffic in their neighbourhood by using a two-hop overhearing method, and decide whether they should be cooperative or defective. We show that nodes are able to discover and use the best strategy in their locality and protect themselves against the exploitation by free riders who devise Sybil attacks by changing their identities.
合作是无线自组织网络的基础,节点为了共同利益转发邻居的数据包。然而,能量和带宽的限制加上自私行为导致网络崩溃,所有节点都存在缺陷。研究人员试图以各种方式激励或强制节点进行合作。然而,这些技术并没有考虑到异构网络中存在的具有不同认知能力的不同节点集。此外,在自组织网络中,身份是一个模糊的概念。伪造多重身份和隐藏有缺陷的行为是很容易的。此外,由于碰撞、干扰和不对称链路,无线媒体的性质总是模糊的。在所有这些不确定性中,获得有关节点意图的完整信息并据此采取行动并非易事。在进化博弈论和多智能体系统研究的支持下,我们调整和修改了两种元策略来接受这种不确定性。这些改进的元策略,Win Stay Loose Shift和随机模仿最佳策略,不需要严格的身份信息,只依赖于节点自己的能力。节点采用两跳监听的方法监控其邻居的流量,并决定它们是合作还是有缺陷。我们表明节点能够发现并使用他们所在地区的最佳策略,并通过改变他们的身份来保护自己免受设计Sybil攻击的搭便车者的利用。
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引用次数: 0
It's Good to Be Different: Diversity, Heterogeneity, and Dynamics in Collective Systems 与众不同是件好事:集体系统中的多样性、异质性和动态
Peter R. Lewis, Harry Goldingay, Vivek Nallur
We identify two different forms of diversity present in engineered collective systems, namely heterogeneity (genotypic/phenotypic diversity) and dynamics (temporal diversity). Three qualitatively different case studies are analysed, and it is shown that both forms of diversity can be beneficial in very different problem and application domains. Behavioural diversity is shown to be motivated by input diversity and this observation is used to present recommendations for designers of collective systems.
我们确定了工程集体系统中存在的两种不同形式的多样性,即异质性(基因型/表型多样性)和动态(时间多样性)。本文分析了三个性质不同的案例研究,结果表明,这两种形式的多样性在非常不同的问题和应用领域都是有益的。行为多样性被证明是由输入多样性激发的,这一观察结果被用来为集体系统的设计者提供建议。
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引用次数: 11
Interactive Simulation of an Open Trusted Desktop Grid System with Visualisation in 3D 具有三维可视化的开放可信桌面网格系统的交互仿真
Jan Kantert, Sebastian Bödelt, Sarah Edenhofer, Sven Tomforde, J. Hähner, C. Müller-Schloer
In an open Trusted Desktop Grid system, users can voluntarily participate in order to share resources. Thereby, computational trust is used to isolate malicious agents. Since a fully self-organised solution can suffer in emergent situations like the trust-breakdown scenario, we investigate an additional normative entity to guide the overall system behaviour by still keeping the autonomy of all agents. Within this interactive demonstration, we present a 3D visualisation of the current system status showing how the mutual trust relations between agents and / or groups of agents could be used as basis for automated decisions to issue norms.
在开放的可信桌面网格系统中,用户可以自愿参与共享资源。因此,计算信任被用于隔离恶意代理。由于完全自组织的解决方案可能会在诸如信任崩溃场景之类的紧急情况下遭受损失,因此我们研究了一个额外的规范实体,以通过保持所有代理的自主性来指导整个系统行为。在这个交互式演示中,我们展示了当前系统状态的3D可视化,展示了如何将代理和/或代理组之间的相互信任关系用作发布规范的自动决策的基础。
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引用次数: 6
Quality Assurance for Self-Adaptive, Self-Organising Systems (Message from the Workshop Organisers) 自适应、自组织系统的品质保证(工作坊主办单位的讯息)
Benedikt Eberhardinger, W. Reif, F. Wotawa, T. Holvoet
Welcome to the first edition of the Workshop on Quality Assurance for Self-adaptive, Self-organising Systems (QA4SASO 2014). Developing self-adaptive, self-organising systems that fulfil the requirements of different stakeholders is no simple matter. Quality assurance is required at each phase of the entire development process, starting from requirements elicitation, agent design, system architecture design, and finally in the implementation, testing, and deployment of the system. The quality of the artefacts from each development phase affects the rest of the system, since all parts are closely related to each other. Furthermore, the shift of adaptation decisions from design-time to run-time - necessitated by the need of the systems to adapt to changing circumstances - makes it difficult, but even more essential, to assure high quality standards in these kind of systems. Accordingly, the analysis and evaluation of these self-systems has to take into account the specific operational context to achieve high quality standards. As a consequence, we like to address the following challenges in the workshop on quality assurance for self-adaptive, self-organising systems: Evolutionary developing system, interleaving mechanisms, uncertainty according the system environment, open system architecture, and large number of system participants. The necessity to investigate this field has already been recognised and addressed in different communities, but there exists so far no platform to bring all these communities together. Therefore, the workshop provides an open stage for discussions about the different aspects of quality assurance for self-adaptive, self-organising systems.
欢迎来到自适应自组织系统质量保证研讨会(QA4SASO 2014)的第一版。开发能够满足不同利益相关者需求的自适应、自组织系统绝非易事。质量保证在整个开发过程的每个阶段都是必需的,从需求引出、代理设计、系统架构设计开始,最后是系统的实现、测试和部署。来自每个开发阶段的工件的质量会影响系统的其余部分,因为所有部分彼此密切相关。此外,由于系统需要适应不断变化的环境,从设计时到运行时的适应决策的转变使得在这类系统中确保高质量标准变得困难,但更重要的是。因此,对这些自我系统的分析和评价必须考虑到具体的操作环境,以达到高质量标准。因此,我们喜欢在自适应、自组织系统的质量保证研讨会中处理以下挑战:进化发展系统、交错机制、根据系统环境的不确定性、开放系统架构和大量系统参与者。调查这一领域的必要性已经在不同的社区得到了认识和解决,但到目前为止还没有将所有这些社区聚集在一起的平台。因此,研讨会为讨论自适应、自组织系统的质量保证的不同方面提供了一个开放的舞台。
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引用次数: 1
Scalability Issues of Firefly-Based Self-Synchronization in Collective Adaptive Systems 基于萤火虫的集体自适应系统自同步的可扩展性问题
I. Bojic, T. Lipić, M. Kusek
In this paper we investigate scalability issues of self-synchronization emergent properties, described with the pulse coupled oscillator model. As in the pulse coupled oscillator model the information propagation process is a gossip-like process, huge amounts of network traffic can be generated, causing thus scalability issues of the whole collective adaptive systems. These issues are even more emphasized in collective adaptive heterogeneous systems called Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems. Namely, these systems consist not only from one large complex network, but also from a larger number of different interconnected complex networks. The easiest way to reduce network traffic in large networks is to use different overlay network topologies. An overlay network topology can be seen as a layer of a virtual network topology on top of a physical network, enabling significantly less messages to be exchanged during a synchronization process. However, the implementation process of overlay network topologies is not very efficient in real-world environments, as will be discussed in the paper. Therefore, we propose a mechanism for selective coupling implemented on the sender side that can be used to reduce both network traffic and time to synchronization without negatively affecting the entire synchronization process. Moreover, in some cases the rate of successful synchronization outcomes can be also increased when using the proposed mechanism.
本文研究了用脉冲耦合振荡器模型描述的自同步涌现特性的可扩展性问题。由于在脉冲耦合振荡器模型中,信息的传播过程是一个类似八卦的过程,会产生大量的网络流量,从而导致整个集体自适应系统的可扩展性问题。这些问题在称为机器对机器(M2M)系统的集体自适应异构系统中更加突出。也就是说,这些系统不仅由一个大的复杂网络组成,而且由大量不同的相互连接的复杂网络组成。在大型网络中,减少网络流量最简单的方法是使用不同的覆盖网络拓扑。覆盖网络拓扑可以看作是位于物理网络之上的虚拟网络拓扑层,它使同步过程中交换的消息大大减少。然而,在现实环境中,覆盖网络拓扑的实现过程并不是很有效,这将在本文中讨论。因此,我们提出了一种在发送端实现选择性耦合的机制,该机制可用于减少网络流量和同步时间,而不会对整个同步过程产生负面影响。此外,在某些情况下,使用建议的机制还可以提高成功同步结果的比率。
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引用次数: 6
A Perspective on Defining the Collective Adaptive Systems Problem 定义集体适应系统问题的视角
Niranjan Suri, A. Scott
The Collective Adaptive Systems problem is particularly challenging when applied to resource allocation and resource coordination in wireless tactical networks. This paper attempts to characterize the problem in detail in an incremental manner, starting with the simplest version of the problem that includes many assumptions and then building up the complexity of the problem by removing the assumptions. The objective is for researchers to be able to understand the full complexity and subtleties of the problem and to provide a common language for discussing the problems, assumptions, and solutions.
当应用于无线战术网络中的资源分配和资源协调时,集体自适应系统问题尤其具有挑战性。本文试图以一种渐进的方式详细描述问题,从包含许多假设的问题的最简单版本开始,然后通过去除假设来增加问题的复杂性。其目标是使研究人员能够理解问题的全部复杂性和微妙之处,并提供讨论问题、假设和解决方案的通用语言。
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引用次数: 1
Towards a Real-World Simulator for Collaborative Distributed Learning in the Scenario of Urban Mobility 面向城市交通场景下协同分布式学习的真实世界模拟器
Andreas Poxrucker, G. Bahle, P. Lukowicz
Collaborative learning in collective adaptive systems is an active, open research area. In the Allow Ensembles project, we investigate this problem by a component called Evolutionary Knowledge. One problem arising in this context is that concepts of collaborative learning can hardly be studied without an actual real-world system. In this paper, we present our concept of a simulation tool of a real-world urban traffic system used as a framework to investigate collaborative learning. In contrast to existing ready-to-use traffic simulators, its purpose is not the accurate simulation of microscopic or macroscopic traffic flow models. Instead, it is used to generate data to train a knowledge model learning context parameters and their interrelations, which cannot be deduced from an analytical description of the system, but arise as emergent properties from the complexity of the system. Using the simulation we want to investigate the effects of different collaborative learning strategies on emergence in a complex urban mobility system applying different knowledge exchange patterns among entities. We describe the need for and the area of application of our simulator, show the differences to existing traffic simulation tools, and present an outline of its conceptual architecture.
集体适应系统中的协作学习是一个活跃的、开放的研究领域。在Allow Ensembles项目中,我们通过一个称为Evolutionary Knowledge的组件来研究这个问题。在这种情况下出现的一个问题是,如果没有实际的现实世界系统,很难研究协作学习的概念。在本文中,我们提出了一个现实世界城市交通系统的模拟工具的概念,该工具被用作研究协作学习的框架。与现有的即用型交通模拟器相比,其目的不是精确模拟微观或宏观交通流模型。相反,它被用来生成数据来训练学习上下文参数及其相互关系的知识模型,这些参数不能从系统的分析描述中推导出来,而是作为系统复杂性的紧急属性产生的。通过模拟,我们希望研究不同协作学习策略对复杂城市交通系统中实体之间不同知识交换模式的涌现性的影响。我们描述了我们的模拟器的需求和应用领域,展示了与现有交通模拟工具的区别,并提出了其概念架构的概述。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
2014 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops
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