Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472022
M. Wenger, Alois Zoitl, Thorsten Müller
Current industrial automation systems integrate structural information and component configuration data within the code of their programmable logic controllers. This prevents the demanded flexibility and adaptability of Industrie 4.0 systems. The asset administration shell provides a defined mechanism for finding, accessing and interpreting standardized and vendor specific data of an asset. Within this work the asset administration shell has been analyzed according to its structure, its location, and its implementation forms. Based on that a concept is proposed to provide event driven run-time access for components to the asset administration shell, which enables an automatic self-configuration infrastructure for component instances. The proposed concept is applied on the logistic part of an aluminium cold rolling mill, provided by the SMS group. For demonstration the structural information of the logistic components has been described in terms of an AutomationML file, which has been loaded into a BaseX Database. The database content represents the asset administration shell, which is accessed during runtime by XQuery requests.
{"title":"Connecting PLCs With Their Asset Administration Shell For Automatic Device Configuration","authors":"M. Wenger, Alois Zoitl, Thorsten Müller","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472022","url":null,"abstract":"Current industrial automation systems integrate structural information and component configuration data within the code of their programmable logic controllers. This prevents the demanded flexibility and adaptability of Industrie 4.0 systems. The asset administration shell provides a defined mechanism for finding, accessing and interpreting standardized and vendor specific data of an asset. Within this work the asset administration shell has been analyzed according to its structure, its location, and its implementation forms. Based on that a concept is proposed to provide event driven run-time access for components to the asset administration shell, which enables an automatic self-configuration infrastructure for component instances. The proposed concept is applied on the logistic part of an aluminium cold rolling mill, provided by the SMS group. For demonstration the structural information of the logistic components has been described in terms of an AutomationML file, which has been loaded into a BaseX Database. The database content represents the asset administration shell, which is accessed during runtime by XQuery requests.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"10 1","pages":"74-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85828247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472083
Joe David, A. Lobov, Minna Lanz
In manufacturing engineering, the necessity for the development of effective learning experiences that inspire enduring production related competencies cannot be stressed enough. Of late, with advances of the IT sector and the growth of computational power of modern computer systems, it has become possible to build software-intensive complex systems. Breakthroughs in information and communication technologies now mean that technologies that were elusive for mainstream adoption are now finding place in non-mainstream domains which can prove advantageous. One such application is proposed in this paper. The concept of Digital Twins has been around for decades. It has found applications in diverse sectors including healthcare, aerospace and manufacturing. However it has not found an application in the education sector yet. This paper investigates the use of Digital Twins for fostering the education process of flexible manufacturing systems based on a sound pedagogical theory, i.e., Kolbs Experiential Learning. An use case of the proposed framework is presented and later discussed.
{"title":"Leveraging Digital Twins for Assisted Learning of Flexible Manufacturing Systems","authors":"Joe David, A. Lobov, Minna Lanz","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472083","url":null,"abstract":"In manufacturing engineering, the necessity for the development of effective learning experiences that inspire enduring production related competencies cannot be stressed enough. Of late, with advances of the IT sector and the growth of computational power of modern computer systems, it has become possible to build software-intensive complex systems. Breakthroughs in information and communication technologies now mean that technologies that were elusive for mainstream adoption are now finding place in non-mainstream domains which can prove advantageous. One such application is proposed in this paper. The concept of Digital Twins has been around for decades. It has found applications in diverse sectors including healthcare, aerospace and manufacturing. However it has not found an application in the education sector yet. This paper investigates the use of Digital Twins for fostering the education process of flexible manufacturing systems based on a sound pedagogical theory, i.e., Kolbs Experiential Learning. An use case of the proposed framework is presented and later discussed.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"30 1","pages":"529-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83224650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471921
Julien Spiegel, P. Wira, Gilles Hermann
An experimental comparative study of data compression algorithms is investigated for enhancing energy efficiency in low-powered smart meters. Data compression is able to reduce the RF communication time. We also propose a new lossless compression algorithm to achieve the best tradeoff between the compression ratio and computational costs. The performance of our proposed Run-Length Binary Encoding (RLBE) algorithm is compared to those obtained with other lossless compression algorithms: Huffman coding, Even-Rodeh, Exponential-Golomb, Lempel-Ziv Welch, Fibonacci coding, and the hybrid Bzip2 algorithm. The energy optimization in data transmission has been achieved under different operating conditions. The performance of each compression algorithms has been verified experimentally with real metering datasets from industrial and domestic cases.
{"title":"A Comparative Experimental Study of Lossless Compression Algorithms for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Smart Meters","authors":"Julien Spiegel, P. Wira, Gilles Hermann","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471921","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental comparative study of data compression algorithms is investigated for enhancing energy efficiency in low-powered smart meters. Data compression is able to reduce the RF communication time. We also propose a new lossless compression algorithm to achieve the best tradeoff between the compression ratio and computational costs. The performance of our proposed Run-Length Binary Encoding (RLBE) algorithm is compared to those obtained with other lossless compression algorithms: Huffman coding, Even-Rodeh, Exponential-Golomb, Lempel-Ziv Welch, Fibonacci coding, and the hybrid Bzip2 algorithm. The energy optimization in data transmission has been achieved under different operating conditions. The performance of each compression algorithms has been verified experimentally with real metering datasets from industrial and domestic cases.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"447-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471950
Mina Fahimi Pirehgalin, B. Vogel‐Heuser
Estimation of missing values is an essential step in data pre-processing to increase the data quality for further data mining approaches. The significance of estimation of missing values in industrial data sets is that different operational situations cannot be describe properly while data sets includes missing values. In this paper, Expectation Conditional Maximization is used to find an approximated model over the data based on Gaussian distribution. Then, in the Expectation step, Sweep operation is used to obtain the regression model of missing values on observable values and estimate the missing values based on observable data. In order to evaluate the results a process data set for a real industrial production system is considered. The missing values are simulated by randomly removing the data from variables. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method in estimation of missing values is discussed as well as the effect of imputation of missing values on further data analysis.
{"title":"Estimation of Missing Values in Incomplete Industrial Process Data Sets Using ECM Algorithm","authors":"Mina Fahimi Pirehgalin, B. Vogel‐Heuser","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471950","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of missing values is an essential step in data pre-processing to increase the data quality for further data mining approaches. The significance of estimation of missing values in industrial data sets is that different operational situations cannot be describe properly while data sets includes missing values. In this paper, Expectation Conditional Maximization is used to find an approximated model over the data based on Gaussian distribution. Then, in the Expectation step, Sweep operation is used to obtain the regression model of missing values on observable values and estimate the missing values based on observable data. In order to evaluate the results a process data set for a real industrial production system is considered. The missing values are simulated by randomly removing the data from variables. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method in estimation of missing values is discussed as well as the effect of imputation of missing values on further data analysis.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"52 1","pages":"251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90982920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472046
Maximilian Zarte, Ude Wunder, Agnes Pechmann
Bottlenecks are generally recognized as resources or utilities that limit the performance of a production system. A limitation of performance by bottlenecks leads to various impacts on the production system. If the capacity of a process does not meet the demand of the products, delivery dates are missed, additional orders cannot be accepted, and the enterprise may lose customers. This paper presents a concept and a demonstration of a generic simulation in AnyLogicⒸ to identify bottlenecks in the production. The goal of the simulation is to increase the performance of the production system to meet the delivery dates of customer orders. Through the generic structure of the simulation model, this production floor is automatically built in the simulation, making it possible to adapt the simulation for any job-shop-organized production floor. The presented concept contains descriptions of the goals and functions of the simulation, interfaces for data transfer to and from the simulation, the generic structure of the simulation, and the indicators to evaluate production plans. The concept is demonstrated based on real production data from a medium-size enterprise in northwest Germany.
{"title":"Concept and Demonstration of a Generic Simulation to Identify Production Bottlenecks","authors":"Maximilian Zarte, Ude Wunder, Agnes Pechmann","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472046","url":null,"abstract":"Bottlenecks are generally recognized as resources or utilities that limit the performance of a production system. A limitation of performance by bottlenecks leads to various impacts on the production system. If the capacity of a process does not meet the demand of the products, delivery dates are missed, additional orders cannot be accepted, and the enterprise may lose customers. This paper presents a concept and a demonstration of a generic simulation in AnyLogicⒸ to identify bottlenecks in the production. The goal of the simulation is to increase the performance of the production system to meet the delivery dates of customer orders. Through the generic structure of the simulation model, this production floor is automatically built in the simulation, making it possible to adapt the simulation for any job-shop-organized production floor. The presented concept contains descriptions of the goals and functions of the simulation, interfaces for data transfer to and from the simulation, the generic structure of the simulation, and the indicators to evaluate production plans. The concept is demonstrated based on real production data from a medium-size enterprise in northwest Germany.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"25 1","pages":"849-854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84610432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471931
Minato Omori, H. Nishi
Recently, data traffic on the Internet has increased due to the rapid growth of various Internet-based services. The convergence of user requests means that servers are overloaded. To solve this problem, service providers generally install multiple servers and distribute requests using a load balancer. The existing load balancing algorithms do not estimate the size of the load of unknown requests. However, the requested contents are heterogeneous and complex, so the size of the load is dependent on the servers and the contents of the requests. In this study, we propose a load balancing algorithm that distributes the requests based on estimates of the processing time, which avoids mismatches between the characteristics of servers and the request contents. The processing time for requests is estimated based on the requested contents by online machine learning, and a strategy to cover the latency of machine learning is proposed and partially conducted. To test the algorithm, we built a model of multiple database servers and performed an experiment using real log data for database requests. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm reduced the average processing time for requests by 94.5% compared with round robin and by 28.3% compared with least connections.
{"title":"Request Distribution for Heterogeneous Database Server Clusters with Processing Time Estimation","authors":"Minato Omori, H. Nishi","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471931","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, data traffic on the Internet has increased due to the rapid growth of various Internet-based services. The convergence of user requests means that servers are overloaded. To solve this problem, service providers generally install multiple servers and distribute requests using a load balancer. The existing load balancing algorithms do not estimate the size of the load of unknown requests. However, the requested contents are heterogeneous and complex, so the size of the load is dependent on the servers and the contents of the requests. In this study, we propose a load balancing algorithm that distributes the requests based on estimates of the processing time, which avoids mismatches between the characteristics of servers and the request contents. The processing time for requests is estimated based on the requested contents by online machine learning, and a strategy to cover the latency of machine learning is proposed and partially conducted. To test the algorithm, we built a model of multiple database servers and performed an experiment using real log data for database requests. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm reduced the average processing time for requests by 94.5% compared with round robin and by 28.3% compared with least connections.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"3 1","pages":"278-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89457195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advancement of science and technology,batteries have become an indispensable item in our daily life. At the same time, the study of the charge-discharging curve of the battery plays an important role. The problem of battery charging and discharging curve can be regarded as a time series data mining problem. We utilize the unsupervised shape u-shapelets for time series data mining, which is a newly emerging tiny local feature that has been widely used in many fields, e.g., battery grouping. Experimental results show the practicability and effectiveness of the battery charge/discharge feature extraction method using the best u-shapelets, the ability of the local characteristics of u-shapelets to provide more insights for the data, and the sensitivity to irrelevant data in the charging and discharging curve of the battery is reduced. Extracting local feature u-shapelets from battery charging and discharging curves is helpful for battery grouping.
{"title":"Battery charging and discharging feature extraction method based on the best u-shapelets","authors":"Jingping Chen, Yuanyuan Liu, Mingyu Gao, Zhiwei He, Zhongfei Yu","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8471940","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of science and technology,batteries have become an indispensable item in our daily life. At the same time, the study of the charge-discharging curve of the battery plays an important role. The problem of battery charging and discharging curve can be regarded as a time series data mining problem. We utilize the unsupervised shape u-shapelets for time series data mining, which is a newly emerging tiny local feature that has been widely used in many fields, e.g., battery grouping. Experimental results show the practicability and effectiveness of the battery charge/discharge feature extraction method using the best u-shapelets, the ability of the local characteristics of u-shapelets to provide more insights for the data, and the sensitivity to irrelevant data in the charging and discharging curve of the battery is reduced. Extracting local feature u-shapelets from battery charging and discharging curves is helpful for battery grouping.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"66 1","pages":"207-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74650886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472043
Adnan Osmanovic, J. Velagić, S. Masic
This paper presents a nonlinear flatness-based control (FBC) approach for a full-order doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in the wind turbine system. Flat outputs of the DFIG and the FBC controller are derived using differential flatness theory. The proposed approach ensures an efficient decoupled control for both active and reactive powers of the DFIG. Also, it provides a smooth trajectory tracking in the start-up and the rest to rest modes without any saturation. Therefore, the system satisfactory operates at a variable speed of the rotor with an effective active/reactive power tracking. The variable rotor speed represents a perturbation caused by changes in the wind speed or different wind energy capacity. The requirements on the active and the reactive power are converted into system variables using a high-level reference trajectory generator (HLRTG). The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by simulations.
{"title":"Nonlinear Flatness-Based Decoupled Power Control of DF1G Wind Turbine System","authors":"Adnan Osmanovic, J. Velagić, S. Masic","doi":"10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2018.8472043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a nonlinear flatness-based control (FBC) approach for a full-order doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in the wind turbine system. Flat outputs of the DFIG and the FBC controller are derived using differential flatness theory. The proposed approach ensures an efficient decoupled control for both active and reactive powers of the DFIG. Also, it provides a smooth trajectory tracking in the start-up and the rest to rest modes without any saturation. Therefore, the system satisfactory operates at a variable speed of the rotor with an effective active/reactive power tracking. The variable rotor speed represents a perturbation caused by changes in the wind speed or different wind energy capacity. The requirements on the active and the reactive power are converted into system variables using a high-level reference trajectory generator (HLRTG). The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by simulations.","PeriodicalId":6467,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"342 2 1","pages":"686-691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77177172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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