Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409203
Wanjun Zhang, T. Jahns
This paper presents an improved analytical model for predicting the ac losses in form-wound windings used in high-performance ac machines attributable to the stator currents. The complete model comprises two sub-models that separately calculate the ac losses contributed by the in-slot and end-winding portions. 3D finite element analysis and experimental tests are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the model. The results also confirm the vulnerability of form-wound windings to steep increases in the winding ac resistance as the excitation frequency increases. The model is subsequently used to investigate the impact of key machine parameters on the winding ac losses, including the excitation frequency, phase arrangement, conductor thickness, and PWM switching frequency.
{"title":"Analytical model for predicting AC losses in form-wound machine windings due to stator current interactions","authors":"Wanjun Zhang, T. Jahns","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved analytical model for predicting the ac losses in form-wound windings used in high-performance ac machines attributable to the stator currents. The complete model comprises two sub-models that separately calculate the ac losses contributed by the in-slot and end-winding portions. 3D finite element analysis and experimental tests are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the model. The results also confirm the vulnerability of form-wound windings to steep increases in the winding ac resistance as the excitation frequency increases. The model is subsequently used to investigate the impact of key machine parameters on the winding ac losses, including the excitation frequency, phase arrangement, conductor thickness, and PWM switching frequency.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1131-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89466003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409035
N. Madani, A. Cosic, C. Sadarangani
This paper presents a design of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator with concentrated windings. The machine is designed for a variable speed direct driven vertical axis wind turbine. One of the optimized parameters in the design procedure is the cost of active material. High efficiency, high torque density and easy scalability are some attributes that makes the surface mounted PM machines very attractive solutions for wind power application. However, the cost of the active material, especially permanent magnets, has to be minimized. The results presented here shows low harmonic contents of the air gap flux density and the induced voltage. Hence, the cogging torque is very low, which together with low radial forces indicates a low magnetic noise as well.
{"title":"A permanent magnet synchronous generator for a small scale vertical axis wind turbine","authors":"N. Madani, A. Cosic, C. Sadarangani","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator with concentrated windings. The machine is designed for a variable speed direct driven vertical axis wind turbine. One of the optimized parameters in the design procedure is the cost of active material. High efficiency, high torque density and easy scalability are some attributes that makes the surface mounted PM machines very attractive solutions for wind power application. However, the cost of the active material, especially permanent magnets, has to be minimized. The results presented here shows low harmonic contents of the air gap flux density and the induced voltage. Hence, the cogging torque is very low, which together with low radial forces indicates a low magnetic noise as well.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89903276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409091
P. Chrin, P. Maussion, M. Pietrzak-David, B. Dagues, L. Bun
This paper presents modeling, simulation and experimental results of a three phase induction motor running as single phase generator. Modeling is performed on a small power induction motor with squirrel cage, one phase for excitation and the others for load supply It includes a new model of the total losses, i.e. mechanical, copper and iron losses thanks to the design of experiment method (DoE). Experimental results obtained in Cambodia for load and voltage excitation variations on a reduced power test bench are good agreement with simulations, confirming the validity of the proposed models. Target application is electricity production form pico-hydropower in rural areas in developing countries.
{"title":"Modeling of 3-phase induction machine as single phase generator for electricity generation from renewable energies in rural areas","authors":"P. Chrin, P. Maussion, M. Pietrzak-David, B. Dagues, L. Bun","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409091","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents modeling, simulation and experimental results of a three phase induction motor running as single phase generator. Modeling is performed on a small power induction motor with squirrel cage, one phase for excitation and the others for load supply It includes a new model of the total losses, i.e. mechanical, copper and iron losses thanks to the design of experiment method (DoE). Experimental results obtained in Cambodia for load and voltage excitation variations on a reduced power test bench are good agreement with simulations, confirming the validity of the proposed models. Target application is electricity production form pico-hydropower in rural areas in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"138 1","pages":"405-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89913319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409031
V. M. Sundaram, H. Toliyat
Fractional Slot Concentrated Windings (FSCW) or tooth windings have been proved to be very beneficial for synchronous and permanent magnet (PM) motors. However, the abundance of space harmonics in the air gap flux have rendered FSCW configurations unsuitable for induction motors. This paper proposes the use of a multi-layer FSCW wound around two layers of stator slots that eliminates sub (a fraction of fundamental) and higher order space harmonics and provides a non-overlapping winding arrangement. This winding configuration has several advantages like high torque density, shorter end-winding length and easier manufacturability for outer rotor squirrel cage induction motors for pumps, fans and in-wheel hub drives. A design comparison is performed between the proposed winding configuration and a conventional distributed winding.
{"title":"A Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) configuration for outer rotor squirrel cage induction motors","authors":"V. M. Sundaram, H. Toliyat","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409031","url":null,"abstract":"Fractional Slot Concentrated Windings (FSCW) or tooth windings have been proved to be very beneficial for synchronous and permanent magnet (PM) motors. However, the abundance of space harmonics in the air gap flux have rendered FSCW configurations unsuitable for induction motors. This paper proposes the use of a multi-layer FSCW wound around two layers of stator slots that eliminates sub (a fraction of fundamental) and higher order space harmonics and provides a non-overlapping winding arrangement. This winding configuration has several advantages like high torque density, shorter end-winding length and easier manufacturability for outer rotor squirrel cage induction motors for pumps, fans and in-wheel hub drives. A design comparison is performed between the proposed winding configuration and a conventional distributed winding.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"232 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86540435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409127
Junnan Wang, N. Baker
This paper investigates the design of direct drive linear generators for use in Free Piston Engines. Flux switching, modulated pole and surface mounted magnet machines are individually modelled and optimized to react the force of the engine with minimum magnet mass. The mass of magnet used in each design is found to be heavily dependent on the copper loading in the machine and the flux produced at no load. The modulate pole or transverse flux machine, which in other applications gives an extremely efficient use of magnet, is here shown to be more effective than conventional machines but less effective than the flux switching machine.
{"title":"Comparison of flux switching and modulated pole linear machines for use with a free piston","authors":"Junnan Wang, N. Baker","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409127","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the design of direct drive linear generators for use in Free Piston Engines. Flux switching, modulated pole and surface mounted magnet machines are individually modelled and optimized to react the force of the engine with minimum magnet mass. The mass of magnet used in each design is found to be heavily dependent on the copper loading in the machine and the flux produced at no load. The modulate pole or transverse flux machine, which in other applications gives an extremely efficient use of magnet, is here shown to be more effective than conventional machines but less effective than the flux switching machine.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"1978 1","pages":"642-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86588092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409073
A. Castagnini, Aida Curci, P. S. Termini
Current industrial trend shows a growing care towards energy efficiency. Some rotor technologies, such as Synchronous Reluctance and PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance, are revealing their potential for sustainable costs and environmental safety. These technologies use very high saliency designs with large empty parts in rotor lamination, leading to small highly stressed mechanical parts in the rotor structure ("bridges" or "ribs"), whose dimensions in turn affect performance. Aim of this work is a trade-off analysis of electromechanical design for PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance motors, investigating different configurations and strategies for iron bridge sizing.
{"title":"Electromechanical trade-off analysis of PM-assisted Synchronous reluctance motors","authors":"A. Castagnini, Aida Curci, P. S. Termini","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409073","url":null,"abstract":"Current industrial trend shows a growing care towards energy efficiency. Some rotor technologies, such as Synchronous Reluctance and PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance, are revealing their potential for sustainable costs and environmental safety. These technologies use very high saliency designs with large empty parts in rotor lamination, leading to small highly stressed mechanical parts in the rotor structure (\"bridges\" or \"ribs\"), whose dimensions in turn affect performance. Aim of this work is a trade-off analysis of electromechanical design for PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance motors, investigating different configurations and strategies for iron bridge sizing.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"287-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409040
M. T. Kakhki, J. Cros, P. Viarouge, M. Bergeron
It is well known that 2D finite element (FE) estimation of stator losses in machines driven by the pulse width modulated (PWM) supplies may result in highly exaggerated losses. This work presents a new simple analytical approach which can predict the PWM losses in the stator laminations of a concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous machine. Experimental set-up is used to examin the results of 2D-FE simulation and demonstrate the validity of the analytical method.
{"title":"An analytical approach for fast estimation of PWM harmonic losses in the stator of a concentrated winding permanent magnet machine","authors":"M. T. Kakhki, J. Cros, P. Viarouge, M. Bergeron","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409040","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that 2D finite element (FE) estimation of stator losses in machines driven by the pulse width modulated (PWM) supplies may result in highly exaggerated losses. This work presents a new simple analytical approach which can predict the PWM losses in the stator laminations of a concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous machine. Experimental set-up is used to examin the results of 2D-FE simulation and demonstrate the validity of the analytical method.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76025216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409223
F. Bachheibl, D. Gerling
In drive applications with long cable fed electrical machines, inverters and machines need to be protected from high charging currents and overshoot voltages, respectively. This protection is often performed using inverter output chokes with laminated cores to smooth the output current waveform and limit charging currents. As cable and choke reactor form an LC-circuit, they do support oscillations of current and voltage especially at the inverter terminal with unpredictable effect on the core loss of the output choke. The research presented in this paper is an attempt to quantify the core loss in laminated iron cores for highly distorted current waveforms. In a laboratory setup, a scale model of a choke inductor is integrated into an LC-circuit and supplied with inverter feed in order to imitate the current signal found in real world applications. The measured current waveforms are fed into a loss model based on a magnetic equivalent circuit and the equivalent elliptical loop model to compare simulated losses with the measured values. A good agreement is achieved.
{"title":"Iron loss estimation for highly distorted currents in inverter output chokes","authors":"F. Bachheibl, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409223","url":null,"abstract":"In drive applications with long cable fed electrical machines, inverters and machines need to be protected from high charging currents and overshoot voltages, respectively. This protection is often performed using inverter output chokes with laminated cores to smooth the output current waveform and limit charging currents. As cable and choke reactor form an LC-circuit, they do support oscillations of current and voltage especially at the inverter terminal with unpredictable effect on the core loss of the output choke. The research presented in this paper is an attempt to quantify the core loss in laminated iron cores for highly distorted current waveforms. In a laboratory setup, a scale model of a choke inductor is integrated into an LC-circuit and supplied with inverter feed in order to imitate the current signal found in real world applications. The measured current waveforms are fed into a loss model based on a magnetic equivalent circuit and the equivalent elliptical loop model to compare simulated losses with the measured values. A good agreement is achieved.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"1260-1264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78690029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409063
S. S. R. Bonthu, Seungdeog Choi, A. Gorgani, K. Jang
This paper proposes an external rotor Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMa-SynRM). Due to the high material cost of PM machine, there was a continuous effort to reduce the amount of permanent magnets (PM) in manufacturing an electric machine. PMa-SynRM has reduced great amount of PM usage by hybridizing the architectures between Synchronous Reluctance Motor and Permanent Magnet Motor. To further reduce the PM usage and to further increase of torque density, design of PMa-SynRM has been investigated through external rotor architecture. With best of author's knowledge, external rotor has not been properly researched even with great advantage and design flexibility with PMa-SynRM architecture. Analytical comparison between two different types of motor (internal and external) has been investigated to prove the superior design flexibility and performance of proposed method. Performance characteristics such as average torque developed and variation of torque with respect to variation in speed have been analyzed in finite element atmosphere (FEA) to validate the proposed design. A lower torque ripple model with distributed winding structure has been modeled and its FEA simulation results for developed torque have been compared with the concentrated type external rotor PMa-SynRM model.
{"title":"Design of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor with external rotor architecture","authors":"S. S. R. Bonthu, Seungdeog Choi, A. Gorgani, K. Jang","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an external rotor Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMa-SynRM). Due to the high material cost of PM machine, there was a continuous effort to reduce the amount of permanent magnets (PM) in manufacturing an electric machine. PMa-SynRM has reduced great amount of PM usage by hybridizing the architectures between Synchronous Reluctance Motor and Permanent Magnet Motor. To further reduce the PM usage and to further increase of torque density, design of PMa-SynRM has been investigated through external rotor architecture. With best of author's knowledge, external rotor has not been properly researched even with great advantage and design flexibility with PMa-SynRM architecture. Analytical comparison between two different types of motor (internal and external) has been investigated to prove the superior design flexibility and performance of proposed method. Performance characteristics such as average torque developed and variation of torque with respect to variation in speed have been analyzed in finite element atmosphere (FEA) to validate the proposed design. A lower torque ripple model with distributed winding structure has been modeled and its FEA simulation results for developed torque have been compared with the concentrated type external rotor PMa-SynRM model.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"220-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88520827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409207
J. Doering, W. Hofmann
The magnetic circuit of transverse flux reluctance machines causes magnetic flux in three spatial directions. 3-D FEM can be used designing the magnetic circuit, but it requires a relatively long computation time. Therefore 3-D FEM is not useful for an optimization tool. This paper compares four much faster design methods: A simple analytical approach, a magnetic equivalent network, a modified 2-D FEM model, and a simplified and very coarse 3-D FEM. Thereby 36 different motor designs (with different pole pitch, diameter and tooth geometry) and 2 different current-values (one causes strong saturation) are used to evaluate the accuracy and limits of those methods. The deviations of magnetic flux and torque from 3-D FEM results (ANSYS® Maxwell®) are discussed based on statistical probability distributions. The results will show that the equivalent network and the 2-D FEM are not useful for all of the investigated motor designs.
{"title":"Comparison of magnetic circuit design methods of transverse flux reluctance machines","authors":"J. Doering, W. Hofmann","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2015.7409207","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic circuit of transverse flux reluctance machines causes magnetic flux in three spatial directions. 3-D FEM can be used designing the magnetic circuit, but it requires a relatively long computation time. Therefore 3-D FEM is not useful for an optimization tool. This paper compares four much faster design methods: A simple analytical approach, a magnetic equivalent network, a modified 2-D FEM model, and a simplified and very coarse 3-D FEM. Thereby 36 different motor designs (with different pole pitch, diameter and tooth geometry) and 2 different current-values (one causes strong saturation) are used to evaluate the accuracy and limits of those methods. The deviations of magnetic flux and torque from 3-D FEM results (ANSYS® Maxwell®) are discussed based on statistical probability distributions. The results will show that the equivalent network and the 2-D FEM are not useful for all of the investigated motor designs.","PeriodicalId":6477,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)","volume":"125 ","pages":"1158-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91464675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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