Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160573
S. Rinaldi, P. Ferrari, D. Brandão, S. Sulis
The increased need for power quality monitoring and active control of distribution grid necessitates the introduction of the Smart Grid (SG) approach, requiring an efficient ICT system for the monitoring and control of distribution grid state. The main obstacle to deployment of SG in real system is the lack of an efficient communication infrastructure. The use a heterogeneous network, which employs various technologies, appears to be the most promising solution. Nevertheless, the management of these communication systems has proven to be hard and error prone. In this paper, a Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach has been proposed to manage SG communication system applied to grid monitoring/supervision. The preliminary feasibility analysis is promising, although a more detailed modeling and analysis of the system is needed due to the extreme heterogeneity of the network.
{"title":"Software defined networking applied to the heterogeneous infrastructure of Smart Grid","authors":"S. Rinaldi, P. Ferrari, D. Brandão, S. Sulis","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160573","url":null,"abstract":"The increased need for power quality monitoring and active control of distribution grid necessitates the introduction of the Smart Grid (SG) approach, requiring an efficient ICT system for the monitoring and control of distribution grid state. The main obstacle to deployment of SG in real system is the lack of an efficient communication infrastructure. The use a heterogeneous network, which employs various technologies, appears to be the most promising solution. Nevertheless, the management of these communication systems has proven to be hard and error prone. In this paper, a Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach has been proposed to manage SG communication system applied to grid monitoring/supervision. The preliminary feasibility analysis is promising, although a more detailed modeling and analysis of the system is needed due to the extreme heterogeneity of the network.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88330786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160552
David Ganz, Serafin Leschke, H. D. Doran
Designed for efficient real time traffic at low cycle times, EtherCAT is known to display several inefficiencies which include high quality master-slave synchronization. In this paper we examine a prototype circuit that allows us to achieve high quality time synchronization between master and slave device using PTCP embedded in EtherCAT frames. This circuit is backward compatible to existing EtherCAT networks. We provide measurement data and make proposals for future work.
{"title":"Improving EtherCAT master-slave synchronization precision using PTCP embedded in EtherCAT frames: A proof-of-concept","authors":"David Ganz, Serafin Leschke, H. D. Doran","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160552","url":null,"abstract":"Designed for efficient real time traffic at low cycle times, EtherCAT is known to display several inefficiencies which include high quality master-slave synchronization. In this paper we examine a prototype circuit that allows us to achieve high quality time synchronization between master and slave device using PTCP embedded in EtherCAT frames. This circuit is backward compatible to existing EtherCAT networks. We provide measurement data and make proposals for future work.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81631230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160553
M. Díaz-Cacho, E. Delgado, Pablo Falcón, A. Barreiro
Internet of Things (IoT) devices in industrial environments can be a significant increase in the network load of the local IP backbone, involving the network performance. To deal with the important amount of network traffic generated by the IoT devices, this paper proposes the use of IoT gateways in industrial environments (but not limited to) that unifies the data structures improving the size efficiency, and filters the data to be send across the shared IP backbone. To implement this solution some data structures and a multidimensional deadband scheme are presented. Simulations are performed using Networked Control Systems as IoT devices to show the feasibility of the proposed solution.
{"title":"IoT integration on industrial environments","authors":"M. Díaz-Cacho, E. Delgado, Pablo Falcón, A. Barreiro","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160553","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) devices in industrial environments can be a significant increase in the network load of the local IP backbone, involving the network performance. To deal with the important amount of network traffic generated by the IoT devices, this paper proposes the use of IoT gateways in industrial environments (but not limited to) that unifies the data structures improving the size efficiency, and filters the data to be send across the shared IP backbone. To implement this solution some data structures and a multidimensional deadband scheme are presented. Simulations are performed using Networked Control Systems as IoT devices to show the feasibility of the proposed solution.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84256876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160554
J. Dvořák, Z. Hanzálek
The FlexRay bus is a modern standard used in the automotive industry. It offers deterministic message transmission in the static segment following a time-triggered schedule. The scheduling problem for case of use two independent communication channels that can intercommunicate through the gateway node is investigated in the paper. Furthermore, a heuristic algorithm is proposed and evaluated.
{"title":"FlexRay static segment scheduling on two independent channels with gateway","authors":"J. Dvořák, Z. Hanzálek","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160554","url":null,"abstract":"The FlexRay bus is a modern standard used in the automotive industry. It offers deterministic message transmission in the static segment following a time-triggered schedule. The scheduling problem for case of use two independent communication channels that can intercommunicate through the gateway node is investigated in the paper. Furthermore, a heuristic algorithm is proposed and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88888021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160558
N. Ferreira, J. Fonseca
Modern society lives surrounded by technology intended for enhancing human commodity, entertainment and safety. The use of novel technological solutions in transportation led to a relatively new field often called Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Due to its highly dynamic nature, wireless communications are applied to implement vehicular communication systems. The concern of reducing road injuries/fatalities is of utmost importance, being nowadays a public health question. This led the development of vehicular communication standards focused in safety-related applications. These, demand typically low channel access delay with a well-defined upper bound, which is mainly addressed in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. This paper emphasizes some key points favoring the use of an infrastructural architecture with full Road Side Unit (RSU) coverage, presents an overview of the used time-slotted oriented MAC approach based on the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) standard, addresses the issue of RSUs' coordination using beacons, and discusses the vehicle slot choice for the initial broadcast of safety-critical messages, in order to guarantee that they are timely delivered.
{"title":"Improving safety message delivery through RSU's coordination in vehicular networks","authors":"N. Ferreira, J. Fonseca","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160558","url":null,"abstract":"Modern society lives surrounded by technology intended for enhancing human commodity, entertainment and safety. The use of novel technological solutions in transportation led to a relatively new field often called Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Due to its highly dynamic nature, wireless communications are applied to implement vehicular communication systems. The concern of reducing road injuries/fatalities is of utmost importance, being nowadays a public health question. This led the development of vehicular communication standards focused in safety-related applications. These, demand typically low channel access delay with a well-defined upper bound, which is mainly addressed in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. This paper emphasizes some key points favoring the use of an infrastructural architecture with full Road Side Unit (RSU) coverage, presents an overview of the used time-slotted oriented MAC approach based on the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) standard, addresses the issue of RSUs' coordination using beacons, and discusses the vehicle slot choice for the initial broadcast of safety-critical messages, in order to guarantee that they are timely delivered.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"256 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90520903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160560
M. Elattar, J. Jasperneite
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) represent a new generation of control systems where distributed local control systems are connected not only physically, but also computationally by means of communication networks. CPSs target introducing intelligence beside traditional monitoring and control functionalities in a way that optimize the performance of the overall system. However, the realization of many CPS applications requires reliable communication systems that provide quality of service (QoS) control. In this domain, Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard offers a comprehensive QoS frame work. Nevertheless, commercial implementations of the standard provide only best effort type of service. In this paper, we demonstrated the benefits of using LTE networks with QoS support for CPSs by comparing the performance of a CPS application over LTE network with and without QoS support. The results clearly indicate the benefit to enable the QoS features in commercial implementations of LTE in order to realize reliable CPS applications.
{"title":"Using LTE as an access network for internet-based cyber-physical systems","authors":"M. Elattar, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160560","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) represent a new generation of control systems where distributed local control systems are connected not only physically, but also computationally by means of communication networks. CPSs target introducing intelligence beside traditional monitoring and control functionalities in a way that optimize the performance of the overall system. However, the realization of many CPS applications requires reliable communication systems that provide quality of service (QoS) control. In this domain, Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard offers a comprehensive QoS frame work. Nevertheless, commercial implementations of the standard provide only best effort type of service. In this paper, we demonstrated the benefits of using LTE networks with QoS support for CPSs by comparing the performance of a CPS application over LTE network with and without QoS support. The results clearly indicate the benefit to enable the QoS features in commercial implementations of LTE in order to realize reliable CPS applications.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86570884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160582
Gaetano Patti, G. Muscato, Nunzio Abbate, L. L. Bello
Communication networks for cooperative mobile robot applications have to cope with some peculiar requirements that make them quite different from typical MANETs or WSNs. Recent cooperative robot applications envisage the support of low datarate communication technologies, as this choice is beneficial in terms of energy consumption, weight reduction and integration with WSNs. In this context, this paper discusses the design choices behind a novel protocol for cooperating mobile robot applications that operates on low datarate networks and is able to provide bounded latencies, mobility and reliability.
{"title":"Towards low-datarate communications for cooperative mobile robots","authors":"Gaetano Patti, G. Muscato, Nunzio Abbate, L. L. Bello","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160582","url":null,"abstract":"Communication networks for cooperative mobile robot applications have to cope with some peculiar requirements that make them quite different from typical MANETs or WSNs. Recent cooperative robot applications envisage the support of low datarate communication technologies, as this choice is beneficial in terms of energy consumption, weight reduction and integration with WSNs. In this context, this paper discusses the design choices behind a novel protocol for cooperating mobile robot applications that operates on low datarate networks and is able to provide bounded latencies, mobility and reliability.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76937301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many WSN industrial applications impose requirements in terms of end to end delay. However, the end to end delay estimation in WSNs is not a simple task because of the high dynamic of networks, the use of duty-cycled MAC protocols as well as the impact of the routing protocols. Markov-based modelling is an interesting approach to deal with this problem aiming to provide an analytical model useful for understanding protocol's behavior and to estimate the end to end delay, among other performance parameters. However, existing Markov-based analytic models abstract the reality simplifying the analysis and thus resulting models are not accurate enough for estimating the end to end delay. Furthermore, establishing an accurate Markov model using classic approaches is very difficult considering the highly dynamic behavior of the sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to obtain the Markov chain model of sensor nodes by means of Process Mining techniques through the code execution trace. End to end delay is then computed based on this Markov chain. Experimentations were done using IoT-LAB testbed platform. Comparisons in terms of delay are presented for two different metrics of the RPL protocol (hop count and ETX).
{"title":"Extracting Markov chain models from protocol execution traces for end to end delay evaluation in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Francois Despaux, Yeqiong Song, Abdelkader Lahmadi","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160562","url":null,"abstract":"Many WSN industrial applications impose requirements in terms of end to end delay. However, the end to end delay estimation in WSNs is not a simple task because of the high dynamic of networks, the use of duty-cycled MAC protocols as well as the impact of the routing protocols. Markov-based modelling is an interesting approach to deal with this problem aiming to provide an analytical model useful for understanding protocol's behavior and to estimate the end to end delay, among other performance parameters. However, existing Markov-based analytic models abstract the reality simplifying the analysis and thus resulting models are not accurate enough for estimating the end to end delay. Furthermore, establishing an accurate Markov model using classic approaches is very difficult considering the highly dynamic behavior of the sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to obtain the Markov chain model of sensor nodes by means of Process Mining techniques through the code execution trace. End to end delay is then computed based on this Markov chain. Experimentations were done using IoT-LAB testbed platform. Comparisons in terms of delay are presented for two different metrics of the RPL protocol (hop count and ETX).","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89040322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160571
Ricardo Garibay-Martínez, Geoffrey Nelissen, L. Ferreira, P. Pedreiras, L. M. Pinho
This paper presents a holistic timing analysis for fixed-priority fork-join Parallel/Distributed tasks (P/D tasks) over a Flexible Time Triggered - Switched Ethernet (FTT-SE) network. The holistic approach considers both time-triggered and event-triggered tasks/messages.
{"title":"Holistic analysis for fork-join distributed tasks supported by the FTT-SE protocol","authors":"Ricardo Garibay-Martínez, Geoffrey Nelissen, L. Ferreira, P. Pedreiras, L. M. Pinho","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160571","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a holistic timing analysis for fixed-priority fork-join Parallel/Distributed tasks (P/D tasks) over a Flexible Time Triggered - Switched Ethernet (FTT-SE) network. The holistic approach considers both time-triggered and event-triggered tasks/messages.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-27DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160581
Lukasz Wisniewski, Satendrasingh Chahar, J. Jasperneite
One of the key aspects to consider increasing flexibility of production plants is the industrial communication system. In case of time triggered Ethernet (TTE) systems, the flexibility is typically limited. In this paper an approach for seamless reconfiguration of TTE system is proposed. It has been shown that the reconfiguration can be performed without influencing currently running system.
{"title":"Seamless reconfiguration of time triggered ethernet based protocols","authors":"Lukasz Wisniewski, Satendrasingh Chahar, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2015.7160581","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key aspects to consider increasing flexibility of production plants is the industrial communication system. In case of time triggered Ethernet (TTE) systems, the flexibility is typically limited. In this paper an approach for seamless reconfiguration of TTE system is proposed. It has been shown that the reconfiguration can be performed without influencing currently running system.","PeriodicalId":6531,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81367322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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