Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.002
P. Liargovas, A. Anastasiou, Dimitrios Komninos, Zacharias Dermatis
The Greek tax system is characterised by high tax rates which do not result in the anticipated revenue. At the same time, while total annual tax revenues remain fairly stable the tax parameters are constantly changing, leading to a number of peculiarities, as for example (PwC, 2017): seven changes in the corporate tax rate since 2005; tax-free income, 2 x the poverty threshold; low minimum tax-free income and low income threshold for the maximum tax rate; VAT deficit estimated at 34% due to tax evasion, tax avoidance, and ineffectiveness in the tax collection mechanism; indirect and property taxes well above most European countries. A modern tax system must fulfill certain principles if it is to raise adequate revenue and fulfill certain social objectives. Some of the most important principles or characteristics of a modern tax system are as follows: (1) Productivity or Fiscal Adequacy; (2) Elasticity of Taxation; (3) Diversity; (4) Taxation as in Instrument of Economic Growth; (5) Taxation as an Instrument for improving Income Distribution; (6) Taxation for Ensuring Economic Stability. In general, any tax system, even the most perfect in legal level, is not effective without reliable tax mechanism and reliable provided tax services to the citizens and the enterprises. The application of new innovative technologies could solve the problem of serving citizens and businesses in the time they deal with the tax administration services. A problem that is further compounded by polynomial and bureaucracy, which have a profound impact on the development of entrepreneurship in our country and a lack of confidence in the tax system by citizens. Therefore, the tax system should be easy and relatively inexpensive in its administrative use, be easily adapted to changes in economic circumstances, and be fair in accordance with their tax capacity. Finally, the tax system must be designed in such a way that individuals can ascertain what they are paying and that there is transparency in the fair distribution of taxes. The Tax Administration must invest in technology by fully computerizing its services, while also training its employees in new technologies. The adoption of modern technologies for the handling of tax cases is now a necessity and not an option, since they can be interfered with in critical processes to restore the proper functioning of the system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the contribution of new technologies in the conformation of tax policy of Greece and the themes that appear by applying electronic tax administration procedures in daily transactions of citizens and enterprises. The present work is supported by the results from nationwide research that was carried out in the Tax Services of our country.
{"title":"The Contribution of Electronic Tax Transactions to Increasing the Productivity of Greek Tax Administration and Serving Services for Citizens and Businesses","authors":"P. Liargovas, A. Anastasiou, Dimitrios Komninos, Zacharias Dermatis","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Greek tax system is characterised by high tax rates which do not result in the anticipated revenue. At the same time, while total annual tax revenues remain fairly stable the tax parameters are constantly changing, leading to a number of peculiarities, as for example (PwC, 2017): seven changes in the corporate tax rate since 2005; tax-free income, 2 x the poverty threshold; low minimum tax-free income and low income threshold for the maximum tax rate; VAT deficit estimated at 34% due to tax evasion, tax avoidance, and ineffectiveness in the tax collection mechanism; indirect and property taxes well above most European countries. A modern tax system must fulfill certain principles if it is to raise adequate revenue and fulfill certain social objectives. Some of the most important principles or characteristics of a modern tax system are as follows: (1) Productivity or Fiscal Adequacy; (2) Elasticity of Taxation; (3) Diversity; (4) Taxation as in Instrument of Economic Growth; (5) Taxation as an Instrument for improving Income Distribution; (6) Taxation for Ensuring Economic Stability. In general, any tax system, even the most perfect in legal level, is not effective without reliable tax mechanism and reliable provided tax services to the citizens and the enterprises. The application of new innovative technologies could solve the problem of serving citizens and businesses in the time they deal with the tax administration services. A problem that is further compounded by polynomial and bureaucracy, which have a profound impact on the development of entrepreneurship in our country and a lack of confidence in the tax system by citizens. Therefore, the tax system should be easy and relatively inexpensive in its administrative use, be easily adapted to changes in economic circumstances, and be fair in accordance with their tax capacity. Finally, the tax system must be designed in such a way that individuals can ascertain what they are paying and that there is transparency in the fair distribution of taxes. The Tax Administration must invest in technology by fully computerizing its services, while also training its employees in new technologies. The adoption of modern technologies for the handling of tax cases is now a necessity and not an option, since they can be interfered with in critical processes to restore the proper functioning of the system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the contribution of new technologies in the conformation of tax policy of Greece and the themes that appear by applying electronic tax administration procedures in daily transactions of citizens and enterprises. The present work is supported by the results from nationwide research that was carried out in the Tax Services of our country.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.001
S. Weerawansa, H.A.S.P Gunasekara
Work-life balance is a crucial topic for quality concern gurus, who believe that a balance between work and life is essential when it comes to carrying out daily work. The subject of work-life balance has gained more attention recently due to the reason that a person’s work life and family life may present conflicting demands on one another while the demands from both the globes are equally important. This is one of the most challenging issues being faced by the women in the 21st century. This problem is heightened for working mothers in the managerial sector because of the nature of the role they play at home; both as a spouse and a mother. The research problem addressed under this study is to investigate what factors affect the work-life balance of working mothers in the apparel sector. As this research topic is still in its exploratory stages, empirical research and other relevant literature are limited. Based on the available literature the researcher has identified three main factors that influence work-life balance of working mothers as: personal, work environmental, and home environmental factors. The research was carried out with individuals representing four main apparel companies in Sri Lanka. Further, both primary and secondary researches were carried out in order to critically explore “work-life balance” issue in the apparel sector. Accordingly, 10 working mothers in the managerial sector of the apparel industry were interviewed based on the interview guide that was developed. Thereafter the qualitative findings were analyzed using thematic analysis and were presented in a meaningful manner.
{"title":"Work-Life Balance of Mothers in Managerial Sector of Apparel Industry","authors":"S. Weerawansa, H.A.S.P Gunasekara","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Work-life balance is a crucial topic for quality concern gurus, who believe that a balance between work and life is essential when it comes to carrying out daily work. The subject of work-life balance has gained more attention recently due to the reason that a person’s work life and family life may present conflicting demands on one another while the demands from both the globes are equally important. This is one of the most challenging issues being faced by the women in the 21st century. This problem is heightened for working mothers in the managerial sector because of the nature of the role they play at home; both as a spouse and a mother. The research problem addressed under this study is to investigate what factors affect the work-life balance of working mothers in the apparel sector. As this research topic is still in its exploratory stages, empirical research and other relevant literature are limited. Based on the available literature the researcher has identified three main factors that influence work-life balance of working mothers as: personal, work environmental, and home environmental factors. The research was carried out with individuals representing four main apparel companies in Sri Lanka. Further, both primary and secondary researches were carried out in order to critically explore “work-life balance” issue in the apparel sector. Accordingly, 10 working mothers in the managerial sector of the apparel industry were interviewed based on the interview guide that was developed. Thereafter the qualitative findings were analyzed using thematic analysis and were presented in a meaningful manner.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49199695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.004
Fatimazahra Fakir, E. Erraoui, Mohamed El Bekkay, Aziz Sair
Tourism professionals in Morocco talk about the need to diversify the tourism offer and move towards ecotourism. This is particularly the case for the Agadir destination, whose product has not really evolved over the last 20 years, a product that is essentially based on the seaside, while this one (the destination) has enormous assets, particularly the mountainous hinterland natural; the unique and fascinating fauna and flora without forgetting the very welcoming inhabitants. However, the National Park of Souss Massa, given the beauty of its natural landscapes, its remarkable flora and fauna, can be seen as an important component and promoter for the ecotourism offer of the region. Nevertheless, it is not enough for a territory to have cultural, natural, and human potential to develop high value-added tourism and make it accessible on the market (Marir, 2011). Despite the attractive potential of this territory, most people are unaware of its existence. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted during this study aimed to describe the type of customers interested in the product “National Park” and promotional tools to put in place to make it more attractive.
{"title":"Protected Natural Areas: A New Alternative Offer for the Seaside and Mass Tourism Destination Agadir: The Case of Souss Massa National Park","authors":"Fatimazahra Fakir, E. Erraoui, Mohamed El Bekkay, Aziz Sair","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism professionals in Morocco talk about the need to diversify the tourism offer and move towards ecotourism. This is particularly the case for the Agadir destination, whose product has not really evolved over the last 20 years, a product that is essentially based on the seaside, while this one (the destination) has enormous assets, particularly the mountainous hinterland natural; the unique and fascinating fauna and flora without forgetting the very welcoming inhabitants. However, the National Park of Souss Massa, given the beauty of its natural landscapes, its remarkable flora and fauna, can be seen as an important component and promoter for the ecotourism offer of the region. Nevertheless, it is not enough for a territory to have cultural, natural, and human potential to develop high value-added tourism and make it accessible on the market (Marir, 2011). Despite the attractive potential of this territory, most people are unaware of its existence. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted during this study aimed to describe the type of customers interested in the product “National Park” and promotional tools to put in place to make it more attractive.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.003
Filip Turčinović, A. Kovačević, B. Mijović
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the United Nations specialized agency responsible for navigation and prevention of both nautical and atmospheric pollution caused by ships. In addition to that and since it is a specialized agency responsible for the safety of navigation, it is responsible for the application of environmental standards in international navigation. The highest importance of creation of a legislative framework for navigational nautical activity is based on its universal acceptance, implementation and the effective and fair application. It is also necessary to emphasize that the application of these standards has to be fully effective regardless of financial constraints, hence in every part of the international community. The attitude of the kind makes both innovation and efficiency possible. According to a widespread opinion, the development of the IMO legislation has been especially strengthened after the adoption of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. The Convention actually reflects a strong and universally valid attempt to get an exhaustive and comprehensive legal regime for the oceans and seas established. The Convention has been colloquially known as the Sea Constitution. It has emerged as a result of detailed perennial negotiations. It used to comprise numerous compromises that relieved many substantial divergences between countries.
{"title":"Legislative Activity of the International Maritime Organization (IMO)","authors":"Filip Turčinović, A. Kovačević, B. Mijović","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the United Nations specialized agency responsible for navigation and prevention of both nautical and atmospheric pollution caused by ships. In addition to that and since it is a specialized agency responsible for the safety of navigation, it is responsible for the application of environmental standards in international navigation. The highest importance of creation of a legislative framework for navigational nautical activity is based on its universal acceptance, implementation and the effective and fair application. It is also necessary to emphasize that the application of these standards has to be fully effective regardless of financial constraints, hence in every part of the international community. The attitude of the kind makes both innovation and efficiency possible. According to a widespread opinion, the development of the IMO legislation has been especially strengthened after the adoption of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. The Convention actually reflects a strong and universally valid attempt to get an exhaustive and comprehensive legal regime for the oceans and seas established. The Convention has been colloquially known as the Sea Constitution. It has emerged as a result of detailed perennial negotiations. It used to comprise numerous compromises that relieved many substantial divergences between countries.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.002
Hüseyin Çakmak
The industrial revolution, which is considered to be one of the most important periods of development in human history, can also be regarded as a technological revolution, but the industrial revolution has brought with an excessive production and consumption concept without any restriction until the 2000s. The countries, which started with the industrial revolution and tried to maintain the production and consumption carried out with an almost limitless resource consumption, saw that this situation was unsustainable in the 1980s and started to seek remedies. One of the most important of these remedies is the development of technologies that provide recycling of wastes resulting from current consumption. The other is the development of technologies that convert non-renewable natural resources from renewable natural resources. In addition, renewable natural resources can be achieved by creating a new technology that will enable the maximum utilization of the resources available until the time of self-renewal. In contrast to T. Malthus’s population growth theory, classical economists, human beings have been able to overcome the needs of the growing population due to information and technological development. In the following process, economic growth and social prosperity can be envisaged by developing technologies that enable recycling of wastes resulting from consumption of scarce natural resources.
{"title":"The Effects of Environmental Taxes on the Development of Recycling Technologies","authors":"Hüseyin Çakmak","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial revolution, which is considered to be one of the most important periods of development in human history, can also be regarded as a technological revolution, but the industrial revolution has brought with an excessive production and consumption concept without any restriction until the 2000s. The countries, which started with the industrial revolution and tried to maintain the production and consumption carried out with an almost limitless resource consumption, saw that this situation was unsustainable in the 1980s and started to seek remedies. One of the most important of these remedies is the development of technologies that provide recycling of wastes resulting from current consumption. The other is the development of technologies that convert non-renewable natural resources from renewable natural resources. In addition, renewable natural resources can be achieved by creating a new technology that will enable the maximum utilization of the resources available until the time of self-renewal. In contrast to T. Malthus’s population growth theory, classical economists, human beings have been able to overcome the needs of the growing population due to information and technological development. In the following process, economic growth and social prosperity can be envisaged by developing technologies that enable recycling of wastes resulting from consumption of scarce natural resources.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42466165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.003
L. Mushunje
In this paper we present time to time price dynamics associated with stock assets within stock markets. Our conjecture was that, stock prices are stochastic and time variant as such they do attain and possess different values from time to time. We then centrally aimed to model this old way phenomenon of stock price dynamics using a distinct model from the physics field so as to substantially expose the core idea of phynance on an open academic space. We used the two-form of Schrödinger wave Equation (SWE) to fully model our core study. We derived the time part and space (market) value functions for stock assets from the SWE. Meaning that, we managed to derive the time function measuring the time intervals taken by stock assets in the market space and the market value function which gives out the value of stocks without any time factor. Our results suggested that, stock price dynamics can well be modelled and presented using both time independent Schrödinger equation (TISE) and time dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) with traceable stock price and time changes. This supported our conjecture and our model proposition as stock prices are traditionally known to be stochastic in nature and normally they are non-stationary. As such we safely concluded that, physics indeed play important roles when modelling finance problems, hence phynance should be well credited in finance as it presents fruitful and powerful abstractions of the real time happenings in the financial markets.
{"title":"Theoretical Modelling of Stock Price Dynamics in Stock Markets Using A Phynance Approach","authors":"L. Mushunje","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present time to time price dynamics associated with stock assets within stock markets. Our conjecture was that, stock prices are stochastic and time variant as such they do attain and possess different values from time to time. We then centrally aimed to model this old way phenomenon of stock price dynamics using a distinct model from the physics field so as to substantially expose the core idea of phynance on an open academic space. We used the two-form of Schrödinger wave Equation (SWE) to fully model our core study. We derived the time part and space (market) value functions for stock assets from the SWE. Meaning that, we managed to derive the time function measuring the time intervals taken by stock assets in the market space and the market value function which gives out the value of stocks without any time factor. Our results suggested that, stock price dynamics can well be modelled and presented using both time independent Schrödinger equation (TISE) and time dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) with traceable stock price and time changes. This supported our conjecture and our model proposition as stock prices are traditionally known to be stochastic in nature and normally they are non-stationary. As such we safely concluded that, physics indeed play important roles when modelling finance problems, hence phynance should be well credited in finance as it presents fruitful and powerful abstractions of the real time happenings in the financial markets.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42648679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.001
N. Enkhbaatar
According to the extensive literature, many factors affect the stock market by either direct way or indirect way. This study aims to investigate the adverse impacts of fiscal policy and monetary policies on stock market in Mongolia by using monthly data over the period January 2003 to December 2017 and applying a vector-autoregressive (VAR) model, with the predictions that fiscal crowding-out effect and too high policy rate would lower the stock price and stocks traded value. The empirical analysis in this study indicates that stock price and stocks traded value respond negatively to the shocks of policy rate and government securities traded value, respectively. In other words, the accumulated government debt and too high policy rate have crowded out the private investments in stock market and lowered the stock price by increasing riskiness of stocks or reducing the firms’ net worth, which is consistent with the main predictions of this study. Therefore, to enhance the contribution of stock market for sustainable economic growth, government and authorities need to engage in implementing macro prudent and sound economic policies from the long-term perspective. When government securities are considered as a fiscal policy tool, it is significant for government to reduce the accumulated government debt and obtain the normalization of domestic bond yield through improving tax-based financing rather than government debt financing. Regarding the monetary policy, it is crucial to obtain the benchmark policy rate among Asian economies with addressing significant factors affecting the high policy rate including macroeconomic condition, balance of payment, exchange rate fluctuations, financial intermediation, and deposit holders base.
{"title":"Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Stock Market in Mongolia","authors":"N. Enkhbaatar","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"According to the extensive literature, many factors affect the stock market by either direct way or indirect way. This study aims to investigate the adverse impacts of fiscal policy and monetary policies on stock market in Mongolia by using monthly data over the period January 2003 to December 2017 and applying a vector-autoregressive (VAR) model, with the predictions that fiscal crowding-out effect and too high policy rate would lower the stock price and stocks traded value. The empirical analysis in this study indicates that stock price and stocks traded value respond negatively to the shocks of policy rate and government securities traded value, respectively. In other words, the accumulated government debt and too high policy rate have crowded out the private investments in stock market and lowered the stock price by increasing riskiness of stocks or reducing the firms’ net worth, which is consistent with the main predictions of this study. Therefore, to enhance the contribution of stock market for sustainable economic growth, government and authorities need to engage in implementing macro prudent and sound economic policies from the long-term perspective. When government securities are considered as a fiscal policy tool, it is significant for government to reduce the accumulated government debt and obtain the normalization of domestic bond yield through improving tax-based financing rather than government debt financing. Regarding the monetary policy, it is crucial to obtain the benchmark policy rate among Asian economies with addressing significant factors affecting the high policy rate including macroeconomic condition, balance of payment, exchange rate fluctuations, financial intermediation, and deposit holders base.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49659623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.001
D. Nicolò, G. Valenza
In small family firms, succession to the top is very critical stage of their lives. A high percentage of these firms do not survive their founder. When the successor takes the reins of the company, he has no experience and reputation. For this reason, he very often fails to allow the family firm to survive after its founder. Although many streams of research address succession in family businesses, significant gaps in the literature remain in the field of the strategies that can mitigate the vulnerability of the family firms when the old leader retires and a new leader takes the reins of the company. The underlying argument in this paper is: By starting up one’s own company some years before taking the lead, the successor can solve the problem of his lack of experience and entrepreneurial reputation. If he succeeds in starting up his own company, he will develop experience, reputation, and legitimation on becoming the new head of the family firm. The founder’s original collaborators, commercial partners, and stakeholders will also thrust him. Finally, this paper presents the results of a survey based on 28 questionnaires filled by the protagonists of the succession to the top of family firms. Some of the candidates to succession have started their own firms prior to taking on the reins of their family businesses. This sample is significant as this strategy of training and the gaining of experience by the successor after starting up his own business is not very widespread in family firms. Moreover, it has produced impressive results in companies that have adopted it. This strategy is also very useful in preventing father-son conflicts that affect the survival of many family firms and help the successor to build his reputation, legitimation, and to learn through experience how to manage an enterprise. It also allows the successor to experiment with innovations and internalisation processes in his own start-up; thus, removing any risk to his family firm. These experiences can benefit the family business after the successor takes over the leadership.
{"title":"The “Start-up a Business” Strategy in the Succession Process Planning at the Top of Family Firms","authors":"D. Nicolò, G. Valenza","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"In small family firms, succession to the top is very critical stage of their lives. A high percentage of these firms do not survive their founder. When the successor takes the reins of the company, he has no experience and reputation. For this reason, he very often fails to allow the family firm to survive after its founder. Although many streams of research address succession in family businesses, significant gaps in the literature remain in the field of the strategies that can mitigate the vulnerability of the family firms when the old leader retires and a new leader takes the reins of the company. The underlying argument in this paper is: By starting up one’s own company some years before taking the lead, the successor can solve the problem of his lack of experience and entrepreneurial reputation. If he succeeds in starting up his own company, he will develop experience, reputation, and legitimation on becoming the new head of the family firm. The founder’s original collaborators, commercial partners, and stakeholders will also thrust him. Finally, this paper presents the results of a survey based on 28 questionnaires filled by the protagonists of the succession to the top of family firms. Some of the candidates to succession have started their own firms prior to taking on the reins of their family businesses. This sample is significant as this strategy of training and the gaining of experience by the successor after starting up his own business is not very widespread in family firms. Moreover, it has produced impressive results in companies that have adopted it. This strategy is also very useful in preventing father-son conflicts that affect the survival of many family firms and help the successor to build his reputation, legitimation, and to learn through experience how to manage an enterprise. It also allows the successor to experiment with innovations and internalisation processes in his own start-up; thus, removing any risk to his family firm. These experiences can benefit the family business after the successor takes over the leadership.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46732717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.004
Ahmet Turan Öztürk, Mesut Ersin
This study aimed to determine whether there were significant differences in terms of the variables, such as the gender, age, marital status, working time, education level, household income, and service period of 421 people working as civil servants and workers in Mersin Metropolitan Municipality for the sub-dimensions of psychological capital, which are hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy, and significant correlations were also identified between the dimensions of psychological capital. The majority of municipal employees (65.9%) had a high level of psychological capital perception while 34.1% had a low level of psychological capital perception.
{"title":"A Field Research on the Measurement of Psychological Capital in Organizations: Mersin Metropolitan Municipality Sample","authors":"Ahmet Turan Öztürk, Mesut Ersin","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine whether there were significant differences in terms of the variables, such as the gender, age, marital status, working time, education level, household income, and service period of 421 people working as civil servants and workers in Mersin Metropolitan Municipality for the sub-dimensions of psychological capital, which are hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy, and significant correlations were also identified between the dimensions of psychological capital. The majority of municipal employees (65.9%) had a high level of psychological capital perception while 34.1% had a low level of psychological capital perception.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48860311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2019.02.002
Motoko Suzuki
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