Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440285
J. Schoene, M. Humayun, B. Poudel, V. Zheglov, Araya Gebeyehu
This paper presents the results of an investigation of undesirable impacts of voltage control actions from autonomously acting residential Photovoltaic generators (PVs) in response to overvoltage conditions. The investigation was performed on a realworld secondary distribution system. We conclude that Volt-Var control curve settings for smart inverters should be selected carefully to avoid severe power quality and stability issues. Very conservative settings are curves with slowly rising slopes and low max/min values, but these curves curb the voltage control capability of smart inverters significantly. The addition of a Var Ramp Rate Limit can help with potential power quality issues, but the voltage control response is significantly slower. In future work, we will extend the study to the primary system to investigate larger PV penetration levels and the interaction of smart PV with traditional voltage control equipment.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Robustness of Residential-Scale Smart Photovoltaics","authors":"J. Schoene, M. Humayun, B. Poudel, V. Zheglov, Araya Gebeyehu","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440285","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an investigation of undesirable impacts of voltage control actions from autonomously acting residential Photovoltaic generators (PVs) in response to overvoltage conditions. The investigation was performed on a realworld secondary distribution system. We conclude that Volt-Var control curve settings for smart inverters should be selected carefully to avoid severe power quality and stability issues. Very conservative settings are curves with slowly rising slopes and low max/min values, but these curves curb the voltage control capability of smart inverters significantly. The addition of a Var Ramp Rate Limit can help with potential power quality issues, but the voltage control response is significantly slower. In future work, we will extend the study to the primary system to investigate larger PV penetration levels and the interaction of smart PV with traditional voltage control equipment.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80905120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440551
Xuewei Wu, W. Pei, Wei Deng, L. Kong, Hua Ye
This paper proposes a novel optimal control strategy applied to the multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems connecting wind farms (WFs) and AC areas. In this strategy, the distribution ratio., according to which the wind power is shared among the AC areas., is kept at an optimal value. Through this measure., the WFs could provide frequency support to the AC areas. The simulation results show that the frequency deviations in interconnected AC areas are kept within a limit level under the control of this strategy. Additionally., in this strategy., all individual wind turbine generators (WTGs) could operate in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode to make the full use of wind resource.
{"title":"Frequency Support from Wind Farms Utilizing MTDC Grids","authors":"Xuewei Wu, W. Pei, Wei Deng, L. Kong, Hua Ye","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440551","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel optimal control strategy applied to the multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems connecting wind farms (WFs) and AC areas. In this strategy, the distribution ratio., according to which the wind power is shared among the AC areas., is kept at an optimal value. Through this measure., the WFs could provide frequency support to the AC areas. The simulation results show that the frequency deviations in interconnected AC areas are kept within a limit level under the control of this strategy. Additionally., in this strategy., all individual wind turbine generators (WTGs) could operate in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode to make the full use of wind resource.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79352917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440481
Anmar I. Arif, Shanshan Ma, Zhaoyu Wang
This paper proposes a new mathematical model for network reconfiguration and fault isolation in a self-healing distribution network. The proposed model dynamically operates automatic switches in the distribution network. The model includes a new approach to ensure network radiality by combining spanning tree constraints with a virtual network framework. Multiple faults and their associated clearance and recovery are taken into account. The mathematical model is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) that can be efficiently solved using commercial solvers such as CPLEX. The model is tested on a modified IEEE 123-bus distribution system with automatic switches, distributed generators (DGs) and energy storage system (ESS).
{"title":"Dynamic Reconfiguration and Fault Isolation for a Self-Healing Distribution System","authors":"Anmar I. Arif, Shanshan Ma, Zhaoyu Wang","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440481","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new mathematical model for network reconfiguration and fault isolation in a self-healing distribution network. The proposed model dynamically operates automatic switches in the distribution network. The model includes a new approach to ensure network radiality by combining spanning tree constraints with a virtual network framework. Multiple faults and their associated clearance and recovery are taken into account. The mathematical model is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) that can be efficiently solved using commercial solvers such as CPLEX. The model is tested on a modified IEEE 123-bus distribution system with automatic switches, distributed generators (DGs) and energy storage system (ESS).","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87265014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440262
Tamer Rousan, M. Higginson, P. Pabst
The design concepts for the 1 MW microgrid power system installed at Ameren Illinois's Technology Applications Center are presented. Specifically, the design and operation of the system when the renewable generation capacity is more than 100% of the connected load is discussed. The methods include utilizing a grid-forming battery energy storage inverter to balance load and generation, and utilizing a microgrid controller for detecting a maximum desired state of charge on the battery system and issuing generation curtailment commands to renewable generation assets.
{"title":"Design and Operation of an Islanded Power System with 100% Renewable Energy Supply","authors":"Tamer Rousan, M. Higginson, P. Pabst","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440262","url":null,"abstract":"The design concepts for the 1 MW microgrid power system installed at Ameren Illinois's Technology Applications Center are presented. Specifically, the design and operation of the system when the renewable generation capacity is more than 100% of the connected load is discussed. The methods include utilizing a grid-forming battery energy storage inverter to balance load and generation, and utilizing a microgrid controller for detecting a maximum desired state of charge on the battery system and issuing generation curtailment commands to renewable generation assets.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85881399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440328
K. Holland
This paper analyzes two breaker failure events of which simultaneous single-phase-to-ground faults on a double circuit line caused re-striking of one line's faulted phase interrupter. The short-line faults occurred twice at nearly identical locations approximately one year apart causing failure each time of a 161kV, 40kA circuit breaker. The fault current of both events was less than ten percent of the maximum interrupting current capability of both circuit breakers. This paper discusses both incidents, the analysis to determine the root cause of failure, and the solution to mitigate reoccurrence.
{"title":"A Case Study of Breaker Failure During Simultaneous Single-Line-to-Ground Faults on a Parallel Circuit","authors":"K. Holland","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes two breaker failure events of which simultaneous single-phase-to-ground faults on a double circuit line caused re-striking of one line's faulted phase interrupter. The short-line faults occurred twice at nearly identical locations approximately one year apart causing failure each time of a 161kV, 40kA circuit breaker. The fault current of both events was less than ten percent of the maximum interrupting current capability of both circuit breakers. This paper discusses both incidents, the analysis to determine the root cause of failure, and the solution to mitigate reoccurrence.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80156265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440380
M. Mylrea, Sri Nikhil Gupta Gourisetti, R. Bishop, Matt Johnson
The U.S. power grid is a complex system of systems that requires secure, reliable and trustworthy energy delivery systems. Grid modernization has increased the speed and size of data sets exchanged on these systems. Exasperating the challenge is these systems are increasingly distributed creating new data fidelity and interoperability challenges for grid operators struggling to balance and incorporate distributed energy resources. Blockchain technology provides an atomically verifiable cryptographic signature to help increase the trustworthiness of energy delivery systems at the grid's edge. This is especially important as distribution level as energy delivery systems and field devices have increasing operational and security requirements that are often diametrically opposed: as data, speed and analytic requirements increase, security and functionality requirements increase, as the grid's edge incorporate distributed energy resources and transacts in real time, availability is prioritized over the integrity and confidentially of that data. This paper explores how a keyless signature blockchain infrastructure (KSBI) technology may help facilitate NERC CIP compliance and securing critical energy infrastructure from evolving cyber threats and vulnerabilities.
{"title":"Keyless Signature Blockchain Infrastructure: Facilitating NERC CIP Compliance and Responding to Evolving Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities to Energy Infrastructure","authors":"M. Mylrea, Sri Nikhil Gupta Gourisetti, R. Bishop, Matt Johnson","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440380","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. power grid is a complex system of systems that requires secure, reliable and trustworthy energy delivery systems. Grid modernization has increased the speed and size of data sets exchanged on these systems. Exasperating the challenge is these systems are increasingly distributed creating new data fidelity and interoperability challenges for grid operators struggling to balance and incorporate distributed energy resources. Blockchain technology provides an atomically verifiable cryptographic signature to help increase the trustworthiness of energy delivery systems at the grid's edge. This is especially important as distribution level as energy delivery systems and field devices have increasing operational and security requirements that are often diametrically opposed: as data, speed and analytic requirements increase, security and functionality requirements increase, as the grid's edge incorporate distributed energy resources and transacts in real time, availability is prioritized over the integrity and confidentially of that data. This paper explores how a keyless signature blockchain infrastructure (KSBI) technology may help facilitate NERC CIP compliance and securing critical energy infrastructure from evolving cyber threats and vulnerabilities.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79503733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440406
J. Deboever, J. Peppanen, NArindam Maitra, Giovanni Damato, J. Taylor, Jigar B. Patel
There is growing interest in Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and other distributed energy resources (DER) as non-wires alternatives to resolve distribution issues while also providing valuable services to the grid and to energy customers. One such use is to defer distribution capacity investments required due to load and/or DER growth. Selecting ESS power and energy ratings for capacity deferral requires time-series load profile data. This paper is a part of a longer-term objective of making it easy for utilities to consider energy storage systems within distribution planning. This paper proposes a practical planning-based approach to screen ESS (both power and energy ratings) to defer distribution capacity investments. More specifically, an approach is presented here that leverages linear power flow approximation to quickly perform many time-series ESS dispatch simulations enabling rapid ESS project screening for a large number of distribution feeders. This paper also illustrates intuitive ways to visualize optimal ESS power and energy ratings for different peak clipping objectives. The proposed ESS project screening approach is demonstrated on a real Hydro One distribution feeder.
{"title":"Energy Storage as a Non-Wires Alternative for Deferring Distribution Capacity Investments","authors":"J. Deboever, J. Peppanen, NArindam Maitra, Giovanni Damato, J. Taylor, Jigar B. Patel","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440406","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest in Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and other distributed energy resources (DER) as non-wires alternatives to resolve distribution issues while also providing valuable services to the grid and to energy customers. One such use is to defer distribution capacity investments required due to load and/or DER growth. Selecting ESS power and energy ratings for capacity deferral requires time-series load profile data. This paper is a part of a longer-term objective of making it easy for utilities to consider energy storage systems within distribution planning. This paper proposes a practical planning-based approach to screen ESS (both power and energy ratings) to defer distribution capacity investments. More specifically, an approach is presented here that leverages linear power flow approximation to quickly perform many time-series ESS dispatch simulations enabling rapid ESS project screening for a large number of distribution feeders. This paper also illustrates intuitive ways to visualize optimal ESS power and energy ratings for different peak clipping objectives. The proposed ESS project screening approach is demonstrated on a real Hydro One distribution feeder.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74920752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440403
Ibrahim Alsaidan, Wenzhong Gao, A. Khodaei
Driven by their responsibility of meeting growing electricity demand and providing customers with reliable and cost effective service, electric utilities are continuously expected to expand their distribution networks. As a result, distribution network expansion models are needed to help electric utilities determine the optimal expansion plan that meets their operational requirements. These models, when applied to modern distribution networks, should be able to consider the installation of new technologies in the network, such as distributed energy storage (DES) while taking the system operational characteristics into consideration. This paper proposes a distribution network expansion planning model through optimally sized and placed DES. DES installation can potentially reduce the expansion cost by providing congestion relief and peak shaving services, improve the distribution network reliability, reduce the line losses, and enhance the system voltage profile. The proposed model is formulated using mixed integer linear programming (MIP) and tested on the standard IEEE 33-bus system.
{"title":"Distribution Network Expansion Through Optimally Sized and Placed Distributed Energy Storage","authors":"Ibrahim Alsaidan, Wenzhong Gao, A. Khodaei","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440403","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by their responsibility of meeting growing electricity demand and providing customers with reliable and cost effective service, electric utilities are continuously expected to expand their distribution networks. As a result, distribution network expansion models are needed to help electric utilities determine the optimal expansion plan that meets their operational requirements. These models, when applied to modern distribution networks, should be able to consider the installation of new technologies in the network, such as distributed energy storage (DES) while taking the system operational characteristics into consideration. This paper proposes a distribution network expansion planning model through optimally sized and placed DES. DES installation can potentially reduce the expansion cost by providing congestion relief and peak shaving services, improve the distribution network reliability, reduce the line losses, and enhance the system voltage profile. The proposed model is formulated using mixed integer linear programming (MIP) and tested on the standard IEEE 33-bus system.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"114 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86237559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440266
H. Tatizawa, M. Bottaro, W Bassi, Danilo C. Rosendo, F. Bacega, W. R. Bacega
Partial discharges (PD) measurements at field are a useful tool for predictive maintenance of high voltage equipment for preventing in service failures. This paper shows a practical procedure for the calibration of partial discharges measurements at field, when high frequency current transformers (HFCT) installed in equipments' grounding conductors were used for the PD detection. The calibration procedure can help estimating magnitude and potential risk of PD activity present in the equipment, and also, can turn measurements made in different equipments comparable between each other, or measurements performed in the same equipment in different time frames comparable between each other, even if performed with diverse measuring HFCT.
{"title":"A Practical Approach for the Calibration of Partial Discharges Measurements at Field","authors":"H. Tatizawa, M. Bottaro, W Bassi, Danilo C. Rosendo, F. Bacega, W. R. Bacega","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440266","url":null,"abstract":"Partial discharges (PD) measurements at field are a useful tool for predictive maintenance of high voltage equipment for preventing in service failures. This paper shows a practical procedure for the calibration of partial discharges measurements at field, when high frequency current transformers (HFCT) installed in equipments' grounding conductors were used for the PD detection. The calibration procedure can help estimating magnitude and potential risk of PD activity present in the equipment, and also, can turn measurements made in different equipments comparable between each other, or measurements performed in the same equipment in different time frames comparable between each other, even if performed with diverse measuring HFCT.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"112 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78615977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440288
Qiuhua Huang, Yu Zhang, Soumya Kundu, Yingying Tang, Daniel James, Yuan Liu, P. Etingov
Protection plays a critical role in determining the dynamic response of the induction motor loads and the overall performance of composite load models when subjected to voltage sags or disturbances. Up to date, due to lack of understanding of the aggregate performance of the protection of motors, protection modeling of the motors becomes one of the least accurate parts in dynamic (composite) load models. This paper fills this gap by providing detailed analysis of the motor loads and their associated protection in commercial buildings and deriving the aggregate protection response based on integrated transmission and distribution dynamic co-simulation. The results showed that the aggregate protection response of motor loads varies significantly among different classes, which indicates the protection modeling that has been developed based on the assumption of similar or even identical responses and used in some composite load models need to be updated.
{"title":"Aggregate Protection Response of Motor Loads in Commercial Buildings","authors":"Qiuhua Huang, Yu Zhang, Soumya Kundu, Yingying Tang, Daniel James, Yuan Liu, P. Etingov","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440288","url":null,"abstract":"Protection plays a critical role in determining the dynamic response of the induction motor loads and the overall performance of composite load models when subjected to voltage sags or disturbances. Up to date, due to lack of understanding of the aggregate performance of the protection of motors, protection modeling of the motors becomes one of the least accurate parts in dynamic (composite) load models. This paper fills this gap by providing detailed analysis of the motor loads and their associated protection in commercial buildings and deriving the aggregate protection response based on integrated transmission and distribution dynamic co-simulation. The results showed that the aggregate protection response of motor loads varies significantly among different classes, which indicates the protection modeling that has been developed based on the assumption of similar or even identical responses and used in some composite load models need to be updated.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72947133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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