Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440267
Kelvin Pettit, D. Bowman, A. Smit, Alexandr Stinskiy
This new protection function was first presented at Georgia Tech in 2012. This paper will discuss how this new approach using a differential type protection schemes on automated distribution feeders performed over a 6 year period. The paper will discuss in detail a number of field operations. The paper will provide detailed information of all considerations that was implemented as part of the protection function to ensure dependable performance. At A&N Electrical a two source loop feeder system and at Wake Electrical a mesh connected 3 source feeder system provided the field operation content that for this paper. This new approach is important as current methods using time coordinated over current curves present real challenges for protection engineers to overcome. This will become more of an issue as Distributed Generation perpetration increase on the distribution system. An Automated Distribution Feeder with an ever changing topology and or power source, required true adaptive protection systems to ensure that protection will accurately operate for all system faults. An adaptive approach can be extremely costly and complex to deploy, test and commission. Current protection systems are well suited to protect simple static feeder topologies. When a feeder system topology changes the protection system must adapt to accommodate this change. Although most protection devices today can provide up to 8 protection setting groups, the calculation of all the time coordinated curves to be implemented can become a time consuming and costly exercise. In addition all settings for all setting groups must be implemented, tested and commissioned on all devices prior to activation of the feeder adding to the implementation costs. The differential approach is immune to changes of feeder topology and provides a simple solution to complex problems.
{"title":"Report on New Differential Protection Method After 6 Years in Service","authors":"Kelvin Pettit, D. Bowman, A. Smit, Alexandr Stinskiy","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440267","url":null,"abstract":"This new protection function was first presented at Georgia Tech in 2012. This paper will discuss how this new approach using a differential type protection schemes on automated distribution feeders performed over a 6 year period. The paper will discuss in detail a number of field operations. The paper will provide detailed information of all considerations that was implemented as part of the protection function to ensure dependable performance. At A&N Electrical a two source loop feeder system and at Wake Electrical a mesh connected 3 source feeder system provided the field operation content that for this paper. This new approach is important as current methods using time coordinated over current curves present real challenges for protection engineers to overcome. This will become more of an issue as Distributed Generation perpetration increase on the distribution system. An Automated Distribution Feeder with an ever changing topology and or power source, required true adaptive protection systems to ensure that protection will accurately operate for all system faults. An adaptive approach can be extremely costly and complex to deploy, test and commission. Current protection systems are well suited to protect simple static feeder topologies. When a feeder system topology changes the protection system must adapt to accommodate this change. Although most protection devices today can provide up to 8 protection setting groups, the calculation of all the time coordinated curves to be implemented can become a time consuming and costly exercise. In addition all settings for all setting groups must be implemented, tested and commissioned on all devices prior to activation of the feeder adding to the implementation costs. The differential approach is immune to changes of feeder topology and provides a simple solution to complex problems.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84845295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440485
J. Wang, X. Zhu, D. Lubkeman, N. Lu, N. Samaan, B. Werts
This paper focuses on developing load aggregation methodologies for analyzing quasi-static power flows on high photovoltaic penetrated distribution feeders so statistics of the transformer loading levels, voltage ramping events, and voltage violation events can be properly quantified. A load profile aggregation algorithm is presented to construct 24-hour, minute-by-minute load profiles at each load node on the test feeder so the aggregation of those load profiles matches the load profile measured at the feeder head. A quasi-static power flow analyses are conducted to obtain minute-by-minute power flow results that can be used to quantify transformer overloads and voltage issues in distribution systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methodology, the IEEE-123 test feeder model and residential load profiles collected from the PECAN street project are used in the case studies. Simulation results show that the method is effective in producing the required operation statistics.
{"title":"Load Aggregation Methods for Quasi-Static Power Flow Analysis on High PV Penetration Feeders","authors":"J. Wang, X. Zhu, D. Lubkeman, N. Lu, N. Samaan, B. Werts","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440485","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on developing load aggregation methodologies for analyzing quasi-static power flows on high photovoltaic penetrated distribution feeders so statistics of the transformer loading levels, voltage ramping events, and voltage violation events can be properly quantified. A load profile aggregation algorithm is presented to construct 24-hour, minute-by-minute load profiles at each load node on the test feeder so the aggregation of those load profiles matches the load profile measured at the feeder head. A quasi-static power flow analyses are conducted to obtain minute-by-minute power flow results that can be used to quantify transformer overloads and voltage issues in distribution systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methodology, the IEEE-123 test feeder model and residential load profiles collected from the PECAN street project are used in the case studies. Simulation results show that the method is effective in producing the required operation statistics.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"125 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77168465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440429
Avishek Paul, G. Joós, I. Kamwa
An improved dynamic state estimation (DSE) scheme is presented in this paper that estimates the states of generator as well as exciter field voltage and output mechanical torque from governor. Using the phasor measurement unit (PMU) signal connected to the nearest bus from generator, state variables of generators and controllers are estimated using Extended-Kalman filter (EKF) formulation. Also the overall model order for estimator has been kept at minimal while detailed model have been considered in simulation. Furthermore no assumptions have been made about exciter and governor model structure or parameters. Simulations have been performed on the benchmark New England test system which demonstrates the enhanced estimation performance of proposed technique.
{"title":"Dynamic State Estimation of Full Power Plant Model from Terminal Phasor Measurements","authors":"Avishek Paul, G. Joós, I. Kamwa","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440429","url":null,"abstract":"An improved dynamic state estimation (DSE) scheme is presented in this paper that estimates the states of generator as well as exciter field voltage and output mechanical torque from governor. Using the phasor measurement unit (PMU) signal connected to the nearest bus from generator, state variables of generators and controllers are estimated using Extended-Kalman filter (EKF) formulation. Also the overall model order for estimator has been kept at minimal while detailed model have been considered in simulation. Furthermore no assumptions have been made about exciter and governor model structure or parameters. Simulations have been performed on the benchmark New England test system which demonstrates the enhanced estimation performance of proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91346495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440416
Xiaoguang Ma, Wei Huang
With the development of modern communication technologies and new communication protocols, e.g., the seamless redundancy protocol HSR/PRP, the IEEE 1588v2 (PTP), and IEC 61850, the communication network plays a more important role in current relay applications, such as the automatic transfer switch (ATS) application, the communication-assisted protection schemes and the sample measurement values (SMV). Therefore setting up and maintaining reliable Substation Communication Networks (SCN) becomes a critical issue for the grid operator. This paper introduces the process of maintaining and inspecting the communication baseline of the SCN to help to prevent communication failure, detecting intrusion and expediting troubleshooting. In this paper, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is employed. The requirement of basic understanding of Ethernet protocols (e.g. ICMP, TCP and IP), commands (e.g. ping, tracert) and hardware and software tools (e.g. the nTAP and the Wireshark) is also discussed.
{"title":"Introduction to Baselining the Ethernet Traffic of Substation Communication Networks","authors":"Xiaoguang Ma, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440416","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of modern communication technologies and new communication protocols, e.g., the seamless redundancy protocol HSR/PRP, the IEEE 1588v2 (PTP), and IEC 61850, the communication network plays a more important role in current relay applications, such as the automatic transfer switch (ATS) application, the communication-assisted protection schemes and the sample measurement values (SMV). Therefore setting up and maintaining reliable Substation Communication Networks (SCN) becomes a critical issue for the grid operator. This paper introduces the process of maintaining and inspecting the communication baseline of the SCN to help to prevent communication failure, detecting intrusion and expediting troubleshooting. In this paper, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is employed. The requirement of basic understanding of Ethernet protocols (e.g. ICMP, TCP and IP), commands (e.g. ping, tracert) and hardware and software tools (e.g. the nTAP and the Wireshark) is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90624706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440256
Nachum Sadan, B. Renz
Islanding of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is a growing concern as penetration increases. In a companion paper entitled “A New Approach to Anti-islanding: Design, Installation and In-Service Experience”, the authors describe a protective concept, DG Permissive (DGP), that reliably detects and removes an island within the 2 second window prescribed by the IEEE-1547 interconnection standard, regardless of penetration level. This paper provides examples of such a DGP system deployed in a wide range of DER applications.
{"title":"A New Approach to Anti-Islanding: Deployment Examples","authors":"Nachum Sadan, B. Renz","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440256","url":null,"abstract":"Islanding of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is a growing concern as penetration increases. In a companion paper entitled “A New Approach to Anti-islanding: Design, Installation and In-Service Experience”, the authors describe a protective concept, DG Permissive (DGP), that reliably detects and removes an island within the 2 second window prescribed by the IEEE-1547 interconnection standard, regardless of penetration level. This paper provides examples of such a DGP system deployed in a wide range of DER applications.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"162 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89050363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440454
Sanjay Kumar, B. Tyagi, Vishal Kumar, S. Chohan
This paper presents a novel technique to improve the reliability of observability for the power system by placing Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in multi-phasing manner. Initially, a method is discussed which utilizes the availability/reliability of power system components for selecting the optimal locations for PMU placement. The PMU placement problem gives multiple solutions with same number of PMUs for complete observability. Against every solution a bus index called reliability index is evaluated for each bus. Next, overall system index (OSI) is obtained by averaging the reliability index for each optimal solution. The optimal solution having maximum OSI has been selected for PMU placement. This index determines the overall insight of observability for wide area monitoring system. Finally, an index called as Reliability Observability Criteria (ROC) is proposed and evaluated for each PMU installed bus using reliability index. ROC shows the contribution of PMU installed bus in enhancing the observability of the network. The proposed technique has been demonstrated on Eastern Region Indian Power Grid (ERIPG 90 bus system).
{"title":"Multi-Phase PMU Placement Considering Reliability of Power System Network","authors":"Sanjay Kumar, B. Tyagi, Vishal Kumar, S. Chohan","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440454","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel technique to improve the reliability of observability for the power system by placing Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in multi-phasing manner. Initially, a method is discussed which utilizes the availability/reliability of power system components for selecting the optimal locations for PMU placement. The PMU placement problem gives multiple solutions with same number of PMUs for complete observability. Against every solution a bus index called reliability index is evaluated for each bus. Next, overall system index (OSI) is obtained by averaging the reliability index for each optimal solution. The optimal solution having maximum OSI has been selected for PMU placement. This index determines the overall insight of observability for wide area monitoring system. Finally, an index called as Reliability Observability Criteria (ROC) is proposed and evaluated for each PMU installed bus using reliability index. ROC shows the contribution of PMU installed bus in enhancing the observability of the network. The proposed technique has been demonstrated on Eastern Region Indian Power Grid (ERIPG 90 bus system).","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86141603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440228
Alexandr Stinskiy, Michael Dougherty
This paper will discuss the implementation of a highspeed source transfer and voltage regulation system deployed by the Cuyahoga Falls Electric Department to increase the reliability of the 25 kV distribution grid. The feeder topology includes two line sections feeding a critical load, which are supplied by the “Thiess” and “Sub #3” substations. A main-tie-main pole top solution, along with line end voltage regulation, was implemented to minimize the potential impact on the load caused by any fault at the substation or on the feeder. The production process at the critical load facilities required the system to perform any source transfer operation within 6–7 cycles. Therefore, in the event of a fault on the line section with the critical load, the protection system was required to immediately isolate the line section to minimize the impact on the entire distribution system. Due to this requirement, the system employed fast acting differential protection instead of conventional time coordinated curves. Further analysis indicated that the transfer event might cause a significant voltage drop at the line end when both line sections are fed from a single source. The solution for this was to adjust the substation voltage regulators based on the line end voltage. This functionality required a real time interaction between the reclosers in the field and voltage regulators in the substation. This was achieved using decentralized logic architecture and IEC61850 peer-to-peer communication protocol with GOOSE messaging between all devices. The paper will discuss the following: ◾ Source transfer sequences; ◾ Fault isolation concept using jDiffTM differential protection; ◾ Voltage regulation logic; ◾ System design testing and commissioning steps; ◾ Communication and SCADA integration; Field test results.
{"title":"High Speed Main-Tie-Main Pole Top Source Transfer Application with Precise Voltage Regulation","authors":"Alexandr Stinskiy, Michael Dougherty","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss the implementation of a highspeed source transfer and voltage regulation system deployed by the Cuyahoga Falls Electric Department to increase the reliability of the 25 kV distribution grid. The feeder topology includes two line sections feeding a critical load, which are supplied by the “Thiess” and “Sub #3” substations. A main-tie-main pole top solution, along with line end voltage regulation, was implemented to minimize the potential impact on the load caused by any fault at the substation or on the feeder. The production process at the critical load facilities required the system to perform any source transfer operation within 6–7 cycles. Therefore, in the event of a fault on the line section with the critical load, the protection system was required to immediately isolate the line section to minimize the impact on the entire distribution system. Due to this requirement, the system employed fast acting differential protection instead of conventional time coordinated curves. Further analysis indicated that the transfer event might cause a significant voltage drop at the line end when both line sections are fed from a single source. The solution for this was to adjust the substation voltage regulators based on the line end voltage. This functionality required a real time interaction between the reclosers in the field and voltage regulators in the substation. This was achieved using decentralized logic architecture and IEC61850 peer-to-peer communication protocol with GOOSE messaging between all devices. The paper will discuss the following: ◾ Source transfer sequences; ◾ Fault isolation concept using jDiffTM differential protection; ◾ Voltage regulation logic; ◾ System design testing and commissioning steps; ◾ Communication and SCADA integration; Field test results.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84856418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/tdc.2018.8440414
M. Lashbrook, Russell Martin, J. Malde
Ester-based dielectric liquids have now been on the market for several decades, providing fire safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to mineral oil which has traditionally been used in transformers and other electrical equipment. Historically, the use of esters was primarily driven by the need for improved fire safety, with the added benefit of lower environmental impact if spills or leaks occurred. The use of a liquid with a high fire point also allowed more compact, lighter designs which can provide higher power output for a given weight. This principle has been used for many years in applications such as rolling stock and wind turbines, where synthetic esters now dominate. At higher voltages, above 100kV, the use of ester-based insulating liquids has increased substantially in the last 20 years. It is now the case that large power transformers used for transmission and generation projects at 400kV plus can be successfully designed, built and filled with esters. This opens the door to innovation in mobile transformers at ever higher voltage levels, where the ability to gain greater power from a smaller footprint is vital. Coupled with high temperature solid insulation, ester liquids offer an excellent solution for large transformers which can be built within road haulage weight limits.
{"title":"Ester-Based Dielectric Liquids for Grid Resilience and EHV Mobile Transformers","authors":"M. Lashbrook, Russell Martin, J. Malde","doi":"10.1109/tdc.2018.8440414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdc.2018.8440414","url":null,"abstract":"Ester-based dielectric liquids have now been on the market for several decades, providing fire safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to mineral oil which has traditionally been used in transformers and other electrical equipment. Historically, the use of esters was primarily driven by the need for improved fire safety, with the added benefit of lower environmental impact if spills or leaks occurred. The use of a liquid with a high fire point also allowed more compact, lighter designs which can provide higher power output for a given weight. This principle has been used for many years in applications such as rolling stock and wind turbines, where synthetic esters now dominate. At higher voltages, above 100kV, the use of ester-based insulating liquids has increased substantially in the last 20 years. It is now the case that large power transformers used for transmission and generation projects at 400kV plus can be successfully designed, built and filled with esters. This opens the door to innovation in mobile transformers at ever higher voltage levels, where the ability to gain greater power from a smaller footprint is vital. Coupled with high temperature solid insulation, ester liquids offer an excellent solution for large transformers which can be built within road haulage weight limits.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85009427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440572
F. Tuffner, Yingying Tang, P. Mana
Protection in distribution systems is vital for maintaining reliability and ensuring proper power quality is provided to the end-use customer. As more switching devices are deployed on distribution systems, traditional protection schemes are giving way to more advanced, and sometimes centrally coordinated, protection schemes that rely on communications infrastructure. With these communications-dependent systems, the behaviors of the protection with and without the communications infrastructure must be examined. This work has evaluated the impacts of loss of communication in centrally coordinated protection schemes. Two test cases were examined: a sequence of similar faults on a feeder before and after a topology reconfiguration, and a feeder with a photovoltaic (PV) fault current contribution. Both simulations are run in the GridLAB-D™ simulation environment. A simple connectivity model is used to represent communication status. The results reveal that a failure of the communication system can cause significantly different protection behavior. This analysis can be used as a basis for utility engineers to make an informed decision on the impacts of communication losses on their system, as well as evaluating ways to mitigate its impact on the resiliency of the system.
{"title":"Evaluating the Loss of Communications in Distribution Protection Systems Using GridLAB-D","authors":"F. Tuffner, Yingying Tang, P. Mana","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440572","url":null,"abstract":"Protection in distribution systems is vital for maintaining reliability and ensuring proper power quality is provided to the end-use customer. As more switching devices are deployed on distribution systems, traditional protection schemes are giving way to more advanced, and sometimes centrally coordinated, protection schemes that rely on communications infrastructure. With these communications-dependent systems, the behaviors of the protection with and without the communications infrastructure must be examined. This work has evaluated the impacts of loss of communication in centrally coordinated protection schemes. Two test cases were examined: a sequence of similar faults on a feeder before and after a topology reconfiguration, and a feeder with a photovoltaic (PV) fault current contribution. Both simulations are run in the GridLAB-D™ simulation environment. A simple connectivity model is used to represent communication status. The results reveal that a failure of the communication system can cause significantly different protection behavior. This analysis can be used as a basis for utility engineers to make an informed decision on the impacts of communication losses on their system, as well as evaluating ways to mitigate its impact on the resiliency of the system.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90928240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2018.8440516
R. Bravo
This paper presents laboratory investigation of packaged commercial heat pump systems (CHP) inrush current performance. These systems are typically installed in the rooftop of office, commercial, and industrial buildings. First, this paper will present the test setup that includes the test equipment used for the tests and the equipment under test (EUT). Additionally, it will provide the start-up test results to assess their inrush characteristics for each of the unit's compressors. Furthermore, it will provide the performance of these units when they reached steady state that is about 1 minute after start-up. Finally, it will offer recommendations on how these devices can be enhanced to be grid friendly and support the grid during emergencies. The test results and information presented in this paper can be used to develop, test, and validate computer models use for distribution or bulk system studies.
{"title":"Inrush Current Behavior of Packaged Commercial Heat Pumps","authors":"R. Bravo","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2018.8440516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2018.8440516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents laboratory investigation of packaged commercial heat pump systems (CHP) inrush current performance. These systems are typically installed in the rooftop of office, commercial, and industrial buildings. First, this paper will present the test setup that includes the test equipment used for the tests and the equipment under test (EUT). Additionally, it will provide the start-up test results to assess their inrush characteristics for each of the unit's compressors. Furthermore, it will provide the performance of these units when they reached steady state that is about 1 minute after start-up. Finally, it will offer recommendations on how these devices can be enhanced to be grid friendly and support the grid during emergencies. The test results and information presented in this paper can be used to develop, test, and validate computer models use for distribution or bulk system studies.","PeriodicalId":6568,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84257628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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