Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421936
P. J. Glavine, O. de Silva, G. Mann, R. Gosine
This paper presents an implementation of a Global Positioning System (GPS) integrated inertial navigation system (INS) for vehicle state estimation. The INS uses Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) of the linearized state space model for state estimation. The two INS EKF models have differently tuned noise parameters. The models operate in parallel using an interactive multiple model (IMM) approach. The IMM mixes the state and state covariance estimates from both models to yield a combined estimate of the system states. The mixing weights are based on the likelihood of each model correctly tracking the system states. The likelihoods are computed using the innovation and innovation covariance matrices of each model. The model with the higher likelihood has a larger influence on the overall state estimation. The KITTI Vision Benchmark dataset has been utilized for testing and validation. The GPS coordinates have been transformed into a local tangent frame position estimation. Orientation measurements are provided by the dataset for heading correction. The analysis shows that the INS system accurately tracks the position and orientation; the IMM filter generally outperforms the single EFK model estimator during turning maneuvers where the IMM filter produces a lower mean position error than a single EKF filter.
{"title":"GPS Integrated Inertial Navigation System Using Interactive Multiple Model Extended Kalman Filtering","authors":"P. J. Glavine, O. de Silva, G. Mann, R. Gosine","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421936","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an implementation of a Global Positioning System (GPS) integrated inertial navigation system (INS) for vehicle state estimation. The INS uses Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) of the linearized state space model for state estimation. The two INS EKF models have differently tuned noise parameters. The models operate in parallel using an interactive multiple model (IMM) approach. The IMM mixes the state and state covariance estimates from both models to yield a combined estimate of the system states. The mixing weights are based on the likelihood of each model correctly tracking the system states. The likelihoods are computed using the innovation and innovation covariance matrices of each model. The model with the higher likelihood has a larger influence on the overall state estimation. The KITTI Vision Benchmark dataset has been utilized for testing and validation. The GPS coordinates have been transformed into a local tangent frame position estimation. Orientation measurements are provided by the dataset for heading correction. The analysis shows that the INS system accurately tracks the position and orientation; the IMM filter generally outperforms the single EFK model estimator during turning maneuvers where the IMM filter produces a lower mean position error than a single EKF filter.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"44 1","pages":"414-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87884156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421958
Thanura Perera, M.P.S. Mohotti, M. Perera
Electrically conductive yarns have become significantly important with the growth of electronic textiles market. Lack of elasticity or ability to maintain conductivity while undergoing stretch, lack of apparel friendly mechanical, tactile properties and difficulty of integration to fabrics have been key challenges faced by conductive yarns limiting the development of electronic textiles. In this study, two electrically conductive stretchable double covered yarns were developed using hollow spindle spinning principle with stainless steel and silver coated nylon yarns being used as the conductive element. The yarns were tested for their electrical behavior subjected to stretching and washing. An empirical model was developed to understand the elastic electrical behavior of the yarns. Further, developed yarns were tested for yarn count, tenacity, breaking elongation, yarn modulus, hand feel and possibility of integrating with knitting with the aim of assessing the suitability of two yarns for use in electronic textiles. Yarn with stainless steel showed good electrical properties, while yarn with silver coated nylon showed better mechanical and tactile properties with ease of integration to fabrics with knitting.
{"title":"Stretchable Conductive Yarn for Electronic Textiles Made Using Hollow Spindle Spinning","authors":"Thanura Perera, M.P.S. Mohotti, M. Perera","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421958","url":null,"abstract":"Electrically conductive yarns have become significantly important with the growth of electronic textiles market. Lack of elasticity or ability to maintain conductivity while undergoing stretch, lack of apparel friendly mechanical, tactile properties and difficulty of integration to fabrics have been key challenges faced by conductive yarns limiting the development of electronic textiles. In this study, two electrically conductive stretchable double covered yarns were developed using hollow spindle spinning principle with stainless steel and silver coated nylon yarns being used as the conductive element. The yarns were tested for their electrical behavior subjected to stretching and washing. An empirical model was developed to understand the elastic electrical behavior of the yarns. Further, developed yarns were tested for yarn count, tenacity, breaking elongation, yarn modulus, hand feel and possibility of integrating with knitting with the aim of assessing the suitability of two yarns for use in electronic textiles. Yarn with stainless steel showed good electrical properties, while yarn with silver coated nylon showed better mechanical and tactile properties with ease of integration to fabrics with knitting.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"8 1","pages":"544-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87192118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421910
D. Dassanayake, S. Nanayakkara
Geopolymer is cement-less concrete system expected to minimize the detrimental effects of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production to the environment, while facilitating the eco-friendly utilization of coal by-products. This research aims to investigate in to the development of Coal Fired Boiler Ash (Bottom Ash) based geopolymer in terms of optimizing its methods of synthesis, leading to an economically viable and sustainable end product. In this regard, strength and durability properties of the geopolymer have been explored and Bottom Ash based geopolymer was identified to possess excellent compressive strength characteristics on curing for a period of 6 hours or longer at 75°C curing temperature, with satisfactory flexural strengths varying in the range of 5.1–5.7N/mm2. The shrinkage characteristics of the geopolymer were 5–7 times the specified limits for OPC concrete, with the overall density values lying below the conventional concrete density at 1760–1930 kg/m3. This led to a specification being derived as per the requirements of SLS 855 standard, with Bottom Ash based geopolymer as a replacement for cement blocks.
{"title":"Development of Geopolymer with Coal Fired Boiler Ash","authors":"D. Dassanayake, S. Nanayakkara","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421910","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer is cement-less concrete system expected to minimize the detrimental effects of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production to the environment, while facilitating the eco-friendly utilization of coal by-products. This research aims to investigate in to the development of Coal Fired Boiler Ash (Bottom Ash) based geopolymer in terms of optimizing its methods of synthesis, leading to an economically viable and sustainable end product. In this regard, strength and durability properties of the geopolymer have been explored and Bottom Ash based geopolymer was identified to possess excellent compressive strength characteristics on curing for a period of 6 hours or longer at 75°C curing temperature, with satisfactory flexural strengths varying in the range of 5.1–5.7N/mm2. The shrinkage characteristics of the geopolymer were 5–7 times the specified limits for OPC concrete, with the overall density values lying below the conventional concrete density at 1760–1930 kg/m3. This led to a specification being derived as per the requirements of SLS 855 standard, with Bottom Ash based geopolymer as a replacement for cement blocks.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"101 1","pages":"356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74259715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421909
D. Karunarathna, Chandana Siriwardana
Labour is one of the most crucial requirements in the construction industry. The current Sri Lankan construction industry is having a hard time finding skilled workers to match their higher demand. Hence, they tend to explore other options such as employing foreign workers. As a result, the cost of labour is increased creating other social and economic issues. Therefore, in order to be profitable, it is essential to optimize the worker productivity. With the aim of improving worker productivity all the factors that affect the productivity needed to be identified and categorized. In this study all the critical factors affecting worker productivity identified through thorough literature review. Using several rounds of surveys factor ranking was done to identify the most critical factors affecting the worker productivity. Using the identified and ranked factors a tool (“Enhancer”) was developed. “Enhancer” assists the project managers, engineers to assess the most critical factors affecting workers’ productivity for a particular construction site and, automatically obtain recommendations and suggestions for low performing factors. Furthermore, the “Enhancer” tool provides an easy process to train the labours and maintain latest construction methods and documents.
{"title":"A Tool to Assess Construction Worker Productivity","authors":"D. Karunarathna, Chandana Siriwardana","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421909","url":null,"abstract":"Labour is one of the most crucial requirements in the construction industry. The current Sri Lankan construction industry is having a hard time finding skilled workers to match their higher demand. Hence, they tend to explore other options such as employing foreign workers. As a result, the cost of labour is increased creating other social and economic issues. Therefore, in order to be profitable, it is essential to optimize the worker productivity. With the aim of improving worker productivity all the factors that affect the productivity needed to be identified and categorized. In this study all the critical factors affecting worker productivity identified through thorough literature review. Using several rounds of surveys factor ranking was done to identify the most critical factors affecting the worker productivity. Using the identified and ranked factors a tool (“Enhancer”) was developed. “Enhancer” assists the project managers, engineers to assess the most critical factors affecting workers’ productivity for a particular construction site and, automatically obtain recommendations and suggestions for low performing factors. Furthermore, the “Enhancer” tool provides an easy process to train the labours and maintain latest construction methods and documents.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"117 1","pages":"577-582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74372906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421944
D. Wijesingha, B. Jayasekara
Warp-knit fabric surface is a patterned textured surface with repetitive units on its surface. Only few researches have been reported for detection of defects on patterned fabric surfaces. In this paper, an anomaly detection method based on self organizing map is proposed for detecting defects on warp-knit surfaces. The method consists of self organizing maps on two levels. The method was applied to a set of images of 8 different types of warp-knit surfaces, which included samples from the 8 categories of defects. According to the experimental results, defect detection rates of proposed method are close to 80 percent in most categories of defects.
{"title":"Detection of Defects on Warp-knit Fabric Surfaces Using Self Organizing Map","authors":"D. Wijesingha, B. Jayasekara","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421944","url":null,"abstract":"Warp-knit fabric surface is a patterned textured surface with repetitive units on its surface. Only few researches have been reported for detection of defects on patterned fabric surfaces. In this paper, an anomaly detection method based on self organizing map is proposed for detecting defects on warp-knit surfaces. The method consists of self organizing maps on two levels. The method was applied to a set of images of 8 different types of warp-knit surfaces, which included samples from the 8 categories of defects. According to the experimental results, defect detection rates of proposed method are close to 80 percent in most categories of defects.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"421 1","pages":"601-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78167396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421938
C. Udawattha, G. Galkanda, R. Halwatura
This study presents most common phenomena observed on wall facades due to excessive rain in tropical climatic condition in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study is to understand the effect surface decay of walling materials. The most common walling materials such as brick, cement block, earth cement blocks and novel walling materials mud concrete block, geopolymer blocks were subjected to this study. Faade covering materials such as rough cement plaster and cement slurry plaster were studied. Intrinsic material properties were studied prior to natural rain erosion quantification. Basic engineering properties of water absorption, capillary action, surface roughness, compressive strength was studied. Material properties such as water absorption, surface roughness were studied. Ten years of rain was simulated to measure natural surface decay. The results show that, stronger materials and less surface rough materials are resistant to surface decay. Plastering is recommended to protect walling materials reduce the surface decay. Comparatively stronger walling materials are less prone to natural rain decay. Cement plasters and cement slurry plaster covering is the most suitable materials for heavy rain. Cement slurry plaster is the most suitable walling covering for rain drop bouncing areas in outdoor walls in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"A Study on Natural Rain Surface Erosion of Different Walling Materials in Tropics","authors":"C. Udawattha, G. Galkanda, R. Halwatura","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421938","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents most common phenomena observed on wall facades due to excessive rain in tropical climatic condition in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study is to understand the effect surface decay of walling materials. The most common walling materials such as brick, cement block, earth cement blocks and novel walling materials mud concrete block, geopolymer blocks were subjected to this study. Faade covering materials such as rough cement plaster and cement slurry plaster were studied. Intrinsic material properties were studied prior to natural rain erosion quantification. Basic engineering properties of water absorption, capillary action, surface roughness, compressive strength was studied. Material properties such as water absorption, surface roughness were studied. Ten years of rain was simulated to measure natural surface decay. The results show that, stronger materials and less surface rough materials are resistant to surface decay. Plastering is recommended to protect walling materials reduce the surface decay. Comparatively stronger walling materials are less prone to natural rain decay. Cement plasters and cement slurry plaster covering is the most suitable materials for heavy rain. Cement slurry plaster is the most suitable walling covering for rain drop bouncing areas in outdoor walls in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"10 1","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79897753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421976
R. Senarathna, W. Wanniarachchi, S. Jayawardhana, D. Rathnaweera
Accurate measurement of contact angles can define fluid dynamics, surface material properties and contribute to the development of micro/nanofluidic devices. The drop shape analysis technique was developed to accurately determine the contact angle and surface tension of a liquid drop on a solid surface. The technique involves capturing a reflected image of the drop profile, acquiring coordinate points along the contour and finding the mathematical best-fit accordingly. Many conventional equipment utilizes this method through manual acquisition and analysis of data. This is an arduous, time consuming task which can introduce inaccuracies. Nevertheless, partially automated equipment can be prohibitively expensive. Here its shown that by utilizing embedded system development techniques, both the imaging and profile analyzing tasks as well as the liquid dispenser can be automated and precisely controlled by a computer application at a fraction of the cost of a commercial unit. The developed system also facilitates sample stage tilting which can provide information on dynamic liquid profiles to determine advancing and receding contact angles. Importantly the device is capable of dispensing and analyzing less than 5 nl volumes of liquid. Such measurements are becoming increasingly important in the understanding of areas such as superhydrophobicity and microfluidic devices.
{"title":"Development of a Low-cost Automated Micro Dispense Digital Goniometric Device with Drop Shape Analysis","authors":"R. Senarathna, W. Wanniarachchi, S. Jayawardhana, D. Rathnaweera","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421976","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate measurement of contact angles can define fluid dynamics, surface material properties and contribute to the development of micro/nanofluidic devices. The drop shape analysis technique was developed to accurately determine the contact angle and surface tension of a liquid drop on a solid surface. The technique involves capturing a reflected image of the drop profile, acquiring coordinate points along the contour and finding the mathematical best-fit accordingly. Many conventional equipment utilizes this method through manual acquisition and analysis of data. This is an arduous, time consuming task which can introduce inaccuracies. Nevertheless, partially automated equipment can be prohibitively expensive. Here its shown that by utilizing embedded system development techniques, both the imaging and profile analyzing tasks as well as the liquid dispenser can be automated and precisely controlled by a computer application at a fraction of the cost of a commercial unit. The developed system also facilitates sample stage tilting which can provide information on dynamic liquid profiles to determine advancing and receding contact angles. Importantly the device is capable of dispensing and analyzing less than 5 nl volumes of liquid. Such measurements are becoming increasingly important in the understanding of areas such as superhydrophobicity and microfluidic devices.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"5 1","pages":"571-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80500942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421997
Sandareka Fernando, Surangika Ranathunga
This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three state-of-the-art classifiers for Sinhala Parts-of-Speech (POS) tagging. Support Vector Machines (SVM), Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) based POS tagger models are generated and tested using different combinations of a corpus of news articles and a corpus of official government documents. CRF is used for the first time in Sinhala POS tagging, thus the best feature set is experimentally derived. To further improve the accuracy of POS tagging, a majority voting based ensemble tagger is created using three individual taggers. This ensemble tagger achieved the highest accuracy in POS tagging than any individual tagger. The two domains (news, and official government documents) used in this study have noticeable differences in writing style and vocabulary. Generating domain specific POS taggers is time consuming and costly due to the overhead involved in creating and manually tagging domain specific corpora, for low resourced languages in particular. Therefore, this study also evaluates the possibility and successfulness of using corpora of different domains in training and testing phases of aforementioned machine learning techniques.
{"title":"Evaluation of Different Classifiers for Sinhala POS Tagging","authors":"Sandareka Fernando, Surangika Ranathunga","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421997","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three state-of-the-art classifiers for Sinhala Parts-of-Speech (POS) tagging. Support Vector Machines (SVM), Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) based POS tagger models are generated and tested using different combinations of a corpus of news articles and a corpus of official government documents. CRF is used for the first time in Sinhala POS tagging, thus the best feature set is experimentally derived. To further improve the accuracy of POS tagging, a majority voting based ensemble tagger is created using three individual taggers. This ensemble tagger achieved the highest accuracy in POS tagging than any individual tagger. The two domains (news, and official government documents) used in this study have noticeable differences in writing style and vocabulary. Generating domain specific POS taggers is time consuming and costly due to the overhead involved in creating and manually tagging domain specific corpora, for low resourced languages in particular. Therefore, this study also evaluates the possibility and successfulness of using corpora of different domains in training and testing phases of aforementioned machine learning techniques.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"11 1","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89159328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421916
Imanthi Jayathilaka, T. Ariyadasa, S. Egodage
Natural rubber latex (NRL) is used as a basic raw material in manufacturing latex products for household, medical and industrial applications. This widespread use of NRL is caused by the extensive generation of solid waste material. Most of the rubber wastes are disposed of in a landfill, open burning, incineration, open dumping or recycling. As recycling of rubber is not widely practiced due to high cost and insufficient facilities, the accumulation of huge stockpiles of disposed of rubber materials has become huge social and environmental problem. Due to the environmental sustainability matters, use of bio-fillers from renewable resources to reinforce latex compounds has been addressed in this research. In this study, two series of samples were prepared using powdered corn grain and cornflour as fillers and by varying loading from 0 to 50 phr at 10 phr intervals. The effect of these fillers on the physical properties of NRL vulcanizates was investigated. The tensile property, tear strength, density, water absorption and surface morphology were studied. The results indicated that powdered corn grain filled NRL vulcanizates have good mechanical properties compared to cornflour filled vulcanizates. Powdered corn grain loading of 20 phr will be considered as the optimum filler loading to achieve required physical properties.
{"title":"Powdered Corn Grain and Cornflour on Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Vulcanizates: Effect of Filler Loading","authors":"Imanthi Jayathilaka, T. Ariyadasa, S. Egodage","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421916","url":null,"abstract":"Natural rubber latex (NRL) is used as a basic raw material in manufacturing latex products for household, medical and industrial applications. This widespread use of NRL is caused by the extensive generation of solid waste material. Most of the rubber wastes are disposed of in a landfill, open burning, incineration, open dumping or recycling. As recycling of rubber is not widely practiced due to high cost and insufficient facilities, the accumulation of huge stockpiles of disposed of rubber materials has become huge social and environmental problem. Due to the environmental sustainability matters, use of bio-fillers from renewable resources to reinforce latex compounds has been addressed in this research. In this study, two series of samples were prepared using powdered corn grain and cornflour as fillers and by varying loading from 0 to 50 phr at 10 phr intervals. The effect of these fillers on the physical properties of NRL vulcanizates was investigated. The tensile property, tear strength, density, water absorption and surface morphology were studied. The results indicated that powdered corn grain filled NRL vulcanizates have good mechanical properties compared to cornflour filled vulcanizates. Powdered corn grain loading of 20 phr will be considered as the optimum filler loading to achieve required physical properties.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"83 1","pages":"235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79984190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421960
D. Egodage, Roshan Dodampola, S. Weragoda, D. Amarasinghe, D. Attygalle
Though insulation is critical to the performance of an electrical cable the assessment of the status of an insulation is still a major challenge. Since the root cause of most electrical cable failures is due to insulation deterioration, if the rate of aging can be predicted, properly scheduled, appropriate maintenance programs can nearly eliminate cable failures. The kinetics of plasticizer evaporation of polyvinyl chloride based locally manufactured electrical cable insulations were investigated. Plasticizer evaporation is a slow process under low temperatures and would take years to study under such conditions. Therefore, accelerated conditions were used to get readings within the limited timeframe. Nevertheless, data obtained under accelerated conditions was mapped to normal conditions through Arrhenius approach. Deconvoluted derivative thermograms were used to identify the initial plasticizer percentages and Arrhenius approach was used to map accelerated condition measurements to ambient temperature evaporation rates.
{"title":"Investigation of Plasticizer Evaporation of Local Electrical Cable Insulations","authors":"D. Egodage, Roshan Dodampola, S. Weragoda, D. Amarasinghe, D. Attygalle","doi":"10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCON.2018.8421960","url":null,"abstract":"Though insulation is critical to the performance of an electrical cable the assessment of the status of an insulation is still a major challenge. Since the root cause of most electrical cable failures is due to insulation deterioration, if the rate of aging can be predicted, properly scheduled, appropriate maintenance programs can nearly eliminate cable failures. The kinetics of plasticizer evaporation of polyvinyl chloride based locally manufactured electrical cable insulations were investigated. Plasticizer evaporation is a slow process under low temperatures and would take years to study under such conditions. Therefore, accelerated conditions were used to get readings within the limited timeframe. Nevertheless, data obtained under accelerated conditions was mapped to normal conditions through Arrhenius approach. Deconvoluted derivative thermograms were used to identify the initial plasticizer percentages and Arrhenius approach was used to map accelerated condition measurements to ambient temperature evaporation rates.","PeriodicalId":6603,"journal":{"name":"2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"8 1","pages":"533-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86511956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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