Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry最新文献

In this work, FeS was anchored on mesoporous silica microspheres (SiO₂200, SiO₂500, and SiO₂1000), and named as FeS@SiO₂ (i.e., FeS@SiO₂200, FeS@SiO₂500, FeS@SiO₂1000), in adsorbing and detoxifying U(VI)/Cr(VI) from wastewater. Results demonstrated that FeS@SiO₂ exhibited higher efficiency towards U(VI)/Cr(VI), outperforming FeS and SiO₂ alone. Kinetic investigations revealed that adsorption of U(VI)/Cr(VI) followed pseudo–second–order model best, highlighting effective chemical interplay. XPS investigations demonstrated multi–species which was included FeS, Fe(II), S²⁻ and polysulfide (S₂²⁻, S_n²⁻) could be employed as reductants for U(VI)/Cr(VI) adsorption. The combination of SiO₂ and FeS offered an enhanced efficiency for U(VI)/Cr(VI), making these composites promising materials in water purification.

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This study investigates the role of hydrogen bonding in Hydrogen-Bonded Complex Extractants (HBCEs) for uranium extraction from wastewater. Through integrated experimental and theoretical approaches including electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis, molecular binding energy calculations, Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory, and spectroscopic characterization, we reveal how structural variations (carbon chain length, unsaturation degree, spatial configuration, and functional groups) modulate hydrogen bond characteristics. Results show that extending carbon chains enhances hydrogen bond strength (TBPO-18: -24.28 kcal/mol binding energy), while increasing unsaturation initially weakens then strengthens interactions. Linear structures exhibit superior hydrogen bonding versus cyclic configurations (TBPO-OH vs TBPO-HOH: 18.60 vs 14.47 kcal/mol). Extraction performance correlates with hydrogen bond stability, where TBPO-12 achieves maximum capacity (40.55 mg/L) due to optimal acid resistance. Mechanistic studies via ³¹P NMR titration confirm a two-step process: initial ({text{UO}}_{2}^{2 + }) complexation with TBPO’s P = O group, followed by hydrogen bond formation with HBDs. This work provides fundamental insights for rational design of high-efficiency HBCEs, highlighting hydrogen bond engineering as a key strategy for nuclear wastewater treatment.

Radon exposure in mining areas poses health risks to miners and nearby residents, so risk zoning and health assessment are essential. This study used the HS01B radon measuring instrument to measure three environmental media at 28 locations in the Peigou Coal Mine in China. Results showed that mean radon concentrations in air, water and soil were 37.6 ± 3 Bq m⁻³, 1.84 ± 0.35 Bq L⁻¹ and 4,696 ± 855 Bq m⁻³, respectively. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was higher than the global average. The radon risk zoning was identified using the framework of Theissen polygons and spatial autocorrelation.

An improved method is described to determine the activity of ⁹⁰Sr in seawater samples, through the separation of the daughter ⁹⁰Y at equilibrium. The procedures are based on a modified HDEHP solvent extraction in combination with liquid scintillation counting. The validation of the method has been performed by using the samples from the IAEA-RML-2019, IAEA-RML-2023 and IAEA-RML-2024 proficiency tests organized by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In this proposed method, a fast and efficient two-step radiochemical separation technique was used for the separation of Sr/Y by using an extraction technique with 10% HDEHP after both Sr²⁺ and Y³⁺ were co-precipitated in seawater in the form of oxalate. This method provided good enough separation of seawater from over-dominant salts and an effective radiochemical separation process with 61–81% chemical recovery of ⁹⁰Y. The activity of ⁹⁰Y was measured by Cerenkov counting using a Quantulus 1220 model liquid scintillation counter (LSC).

Freeze-drying plays an essential role in creating human serum albumin nanocolloid kits, necessitating the careful choice of stabilizing agents to preserve structural integrity and radiochemical purity after technetium-99 m labeling. This study used trehalose, frequently employed to stabilize proteins during lyophilization, and evaluated its role as a cryoprotectant relative to glucose. Trehalose at 15 mg/mL showed favorable particle size, zeta potential, and radiochemical purity, with stability comparable to glucose. It also offered protection against structural damage. These results support the use of trehalose as a potential alternative cryoprotectant in commercial kits, making it appropriate for use in radiopharmaceutical applications.

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In response to rising energy demands and environmental challenges, uranium U(VI) recovery from seawater is gaining attention due to its potential for sustainable nuclear energy. This review analyzes literature from 2015 to the present using the Web of Science (WOS) database, focusing on advanced materials for U(VI) extraction. A bibliometric analysis highlights key trends, including leading countries (USA, China), influential journals, and keyword patterns emphasizing porous adsorbents and eco-friendly approaches. The study further explores the role of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in enhancing selectivity and adsorption capacity. It concludes by outlining current limitations and proposing future directions for efficient U(VI) recovery from seawater.

Neptunium is a key radionuclide of concern in the safety assessment of spent nuclear fuel repository systems. Under groundwater conditions, neptunium exists primarily in the tetravalent and pentavalent oxidation states, which differ significantly in solubility. In this study, the solubility of the pentavalent solid NpO₂OH(am) was measured under oxidative groundwater conditions simulating those of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Underground Research Tunnel (KURT). Amorphous NpO₂OH(am) was prepared from ²³⁷Np(V) solution and equilibrated in synthetic KURT groundwater (pH ≈ 9, ionic strength ≈ 2.2 mmol/kg). The dissolved Np concentration at the end of experiment was measured to be 1.67 ± 0.07 mM at pH 8.27, E_h 0.445 V, and room temperature (22 ± 5 °C). Vis–NIR spectrophotometric analysis identified NpO₂⁺ and NpO₂(CO₃)⁻ as the dominant aqueous species. X-ray power diffraction suggested that the residual greenish solid at the end of the experiment was amorphous NpO₂OH(am). The experimental results were in good agreement with the thermodynamic modeling, confirming that integrated experimental and modeling approaches reliably describe the solubility behavior of Np(V) under the given groundwater condition.

Prompt gamma-ray emission generated by the (n,n′γ) reaction during irradiation of a NdCl₃ sample with fission neutrons was studied with the instrument fast neutron-induced gamma-ray spectrometry (FaNGaS) at Heinz Maier–Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ). We present relative intensities and production cross sections for 111 identified gamma lines of neodymium. The results participate to extend and enhance literature on nuclear data. The detection limit of neodymium is 2.1 mg for a measuring time of 12 h.

The neutron-induced reaction cross sections of Zirconium (Zr) are critical for various applications in nuclear reactor design particularly in fuel cladding. The cross sections for ⁹⁰Zr(n,p)^90mY and ⁹⁰Zr(n,α)^87mSr reactions have been measured at neutron energy of 14.96 ± 0.15 MeV using an activation technique. Monoenergetic neutrons were produced via DT fusion reaction and induced gamma activities were measured using a high-resolution High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Furthermore, covariance analysis has been used to estimate the uncertainty and correlation between the current experimental data, accounting for the combined uncertainties from all the parameters involved in the measurement. The measured cross sections of the above-mentioned reactions were also theoretically estimated using EMPIRE 3.2.2 and TALYS 2.0 code from threshold energy to 20 MeV. The measured cross section data was analyzed and compared with the experimental data of previous studies and evaluated libraries (ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-5, TENDL-2023).