Xi Liu, Zhongqiang Liu, Wanxin Yu, Ning Zhan, Liang Xie, Wen-biao Xie, Zongda Zhu, Zhenxiang Deng
Objective: DNA copy number alterations and difference expression are frequently observed in ovarian cancer. The purpose of this way was to pinpoint gene expression change that was associated with alterations in DNA copy number and could therefore enlighten some potential oncogenes and stability genes with functional roles in cancers, and investigated the bioinformatics significance for those correlated genes. Method: We obtained the DNA copy number and mRNA expression data from the Cancer Genomic Atlas and identified the most statistically significant copy number alteration regions using the GISTIC. Then identified the significance genes between the tumor samples within the copy number alteration regions and analyzed the correlation using a binary matrix. The selected genes were subjected to bioinformatics analysis using GSEA tool. Results: GISTIC analysis results showed there were 45 significance copy number amplification regions in the ovarian cancer, SAM and Fisher’s exact test found there have 40 genes can affect the expression level, which located in the amplification regions. That means we obtained 40 genes which have a correlation between copy number amplification and drastic up- and down-expression, which p-value ere overlapped with the several published studies which were focused on the gene study of tumorigenesis. Conclusion: The use of statistics and bioinformatics to analyze the microarray data can found an interaction network involved. The combination of the copy number data and expression has provided a short list of candidate genes that are consistent with tumor driving roles. These would offer new ideas for early diagnosis and treat target of ovarian cancer.
{"title":"Integrated Analysis of the Gene Expression Profiling and Copy Number Aberration of the Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Xi Liu, Zhongqiang Liu, Wanxin Yu, Ning Zhan, Liang Xie, Wen-biao Xie, Zongda Zhu, Zhenxiang Deng","doi":"10.4236/jct.2021.126034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2021.126034","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: DNA copy number alterations and difference \u0000expression are frequently observed in ovarian cancer. The purpose of this way \u0000was to pinpoint gene expression change that was associated with alterations in DNA copy number and could therefore enlighten \u0000some potential oncogenes and stability genes with functional roles in cancers, \u0000and investigated the bioinformatics significance for those correlated genes. Method: We obtained the DNA copy number and \u0000mRNA expression data from the Cancer Genomic Atlas and identified the \u0000most statistically significant copy number alteration regions using the GISTIC. \u0000Then identified the significance genes between the tumor samples within the \u0000copy number alteration regions and analyzed the correlation using a binary \u0000matrix. The selected genes were subjected to bioinformatics analysis using GSEA tool. Results: GISTIC analysis \u0000results showed there were 45 significance copy number amplification \u0000regions in the ovarian cancer, SAM and Fisher’s exact test found there have 40 \u0000genes can affect the expression level, which located in the amplification \u0000regions. That means we obtained 40 genes which have a correlation between copy \u0000number amplification and drastic up- and down-expression, which p-value ere overlapped with the several published studies which were focused on the \u0000gene study of tumorigenesis. Conclusion: The use of statistics and \u0000bioinformatics to analyze the microarray data can found an interaction network \u0000involved. The combination of the copy number data and \u0000expression has provided a short list of \u0000candidate genes that are consistent with tumor driving roles. These \u0000would offer new ideas for early diagnosis and treat target of ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. N’da, A. Lachgar, O. Houessou, S. Majjaoui, H. Kacemi, T. Kebdani, N. Benjaafar
Background and Purpose: Paragangliomas are rare tumors of the head and neck. Their management remains problematic and varies considerably depending on the center. This study reported 14 years of experience in the management of head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGls). We aimed to assess the therapeutic results of these tumors in terms of local control and overall survival. Materials and Methods: We included 16 patients followed for HNPGls and treated by radiotherapy from January 2006 to June 2018 in the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Results: The median age was 44.5 years (15 - 67). 13 patients were female and three male with a sex ratio of 4.3. Cervical mass was the common sign (56.3%). All patients received radiation therapy. This radiation was exclusive in 43.7% of cases or adjuvant to partial surgical resection in 56.3%. The median dose of radiotherapy was 54 Gy (46 - 60) and it was delivered by a three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy technique in 15 patients and volumetric modulated arc therapy in one. There were few acute complications such as grade I and II mucositis and dermatitis. After a median follow-up of 5.6 years (2 - 13.4), local control, defined by radiological stability or regression, was obtained in 14 patients, two patients progressed and one died. Progression-free survival rates at 5 and 7 years were 93.8% and 78.1% respectively, and overall survival at 5 and 7 years was 92.3%. Conclusions: Surgery is the first-line treatment for HNPGls. When surgery is not possible or incomplete, radiotherapy has its place in the therapeutic strategy of this rare disease for long-term local control.
{"title":"Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Paragangliomas: Experience from Radiotherapy Department at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat (Morocco)","authors":"G. N’da, A. Lachgar, O. Houessou, S. Majjaoui, H. Kacemi, T. Kebdani, N. Benjaafar","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.125025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.125025","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Paragangliomas are rare tumors of the head and neck. Their management remains problematic and varies considerably depending on the center. This study reported 14 years \u0000of experience in the management of head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGls). We aimed \u0000to assess the therapeutic results of these tumors in terms of local control and \u0000overall survival. Materials and Methods: We included 16 patients \u0000followed for HNPGls and treated by radiotherapy from January 2006 to June 2018 \u0000in the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Results: The median age \u0000was 44.5 years (15 - 67). 13 patients were female and three male with a sex \u0000ratio of 4.3. Cervical mass was the common sign (56.3%). All \u0000patients received radiation therapy. This radiation was exclusive in 43.7% of \u0000cases or adjuvant to partial surgical resection in 56.3%. The median dose of \u0000radiotherapy was 54 Gy (46 - 60) and it was delivered by a three-dimensional \u0000conformal radiotherapy technique in 15 patients and volumetric modulated arc \u0000therapy in one. There were few acute complications such as grade I and II \u0000mucositis and dermatitis. After a median follow-up of 5.6 years (2 - 13.4), \u0000local control, defined by radiological stability or regression, was obtained in \u000014 patients, two patients progressed and one died. Progression-free survival \u0000rates at 5 and 7 years were 93.8% and 78.1% respectively, and overall survival \u0000at 5 and 7 years was 92.3%. Conclusions: Surgery is the first-line treatment for HNPGls. \u0000When surgery is not possible or incomplete, radiotherapy has its place \u0000in the therapeutic strategy of this rare disease for long-term local control.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tagne Simo Richard, Mohamadou Ahmadou, Nwabo Kamdje Armel Hervé, S. Faustin, Baiguerel Erika Myriam, Danki Sillong Franklin, T. P. Bruno
Background: The incidence of prostate cancer in Cameroon has been increasing in an alarming rate. The aim of this study is to characterize the form of prostate cancer and associated factors in patients from Cameroon Northern Regions. Methods: All patients with positive prostate biopsy (cancer+) from June 2018 to November 2019 were studied (n = 177). The followings were retrieved: digital rectal examination, standard clinical examinations, laboratory data such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and the Gleason score. Patients self-administered a questionnaire assessing prostate cancer’s risk factors. Results: Patients were mainly from the Far North region (36.72%), and were either farmers or breeders (48.01%). Only prostate adenocarcinoma was present, with predominance of aggressive forms (Gleason score ≥ 7). Significant relationships were observed between Gleason score and 1) patients’ age (P = 0.006), 2) history of urinary tract infections (P = 0.015) and of exposure to agricultural products (P = 0.049), 3) clinical signs (nycturia, pollakiuria, poor acute urine retention, and dysuria) (P = 0.019), 4) prostate weight, and 5) serum PSA levels (P Conclusion: Aggressive forms of adenocarcinoma are the main prostate cancer in these regions, underlining the need for strategies aimed at raising prostate cancer awareness and early detection.
{"title":"Prostate Cancer Characteristics and Associated Factors in Northern Cameroon","authors":"Tagne Simo Richard, Mohamadou Ahmadou, Nwabo Kamdje Armel Hervé, S. Faustin, Baiguerel Erika Myriam, Danki Sillong Franklin, T. P. Bruno","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.125027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.125027","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of prostate cancer \u0000in Cameroon has been increasing in an alarming rate. The aim of this study \u0000is to characterize the form of prostate cancer and associated factors in \u0000patients from Cameroon Northern Regions. Methods: All patients with positive \u0000prostate biopsy (cancer+) from June 2018 to November 2019 were studied (n = \u0000177). The followings were retrieved: digital rectal examination, standard \u0000clinical examinations, laboratory data such as serum prostate-specific antigen \u0000(PSA) level, and the Gleason score. Patients self-administered a questionnaire \u0000assessing prostate cancer’s risk factors. Results: Patients were mainly \u0000from the Far North region (36.72%), and were either farmers or breeders \u0000(48.01%). Only prostate adenocarcinoma was present, with predominance of \u0000aggressive forms (Gleason score ≥ 7). \u0000Significant relationships were observed between Gleason score and 1) patients’ \u0000age (P = 0.006), 2) history of urinary tract infections (P = 0.015) and of \u0000exposure to agricultural products (P = 0.049), 3) clinical signs (nycturia, \u0000pollakiuria, poor acute urine retention, and dysuria) (P = 0.019), 4) \u0000prostate weight, and 5) serum PSA levels (P Conclusion: Aggressive forms \u0000of adenocarcinoma are the main prostate cancer in these regions, underlining \u0000the need for strategies aimed at raising prostate cancer awareness and early \u0000detection.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"289-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47010542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Thiam, K. Ka, A. Badiane, M. Bâ, El Hadj Amadou Sall, B. Ndong, Papa Ameth Fall, M. Dieng, P. Gaye
Context: Technological advances have improved the toxicities of radiotherapy. We are evaluating the 3D technique in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study from January 2015 to December 2015 with 29 files. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: We collected 29 patient records over the study period. The median age was 75 years with the following extremes: 54 years and 83 years. The median PSA level was 12 ng/ml with a range of 3.05 to 79 ng/ml. Gleason score analysis showed 6 patients (20.69%) with a score of 6 (3 + 3), 23 patients (79.31%) with a score of 7 including 12 patients (41.38%) with grade 3 and 11 patients (37.93%) with grade 4. The median dose delivered was 74 Gy, with a mean dose of 73.79 Gy and extremes of 70 Gy for the minimum and 76 Gy for the maximum. Hormone therapy was combined with radiotherapy in 17 patients (58.62%). Seven patients (24.14%) had grade 1 acute bladder toxicity and one patient (3.45%) had grade 2 acute toxicity. Late bladder toxicity was grade 1 in 5 patients (17.24%), grade 2 in 3 patients (10.34%) and grade 3 in 1 patient (3.45%). Late rectal toxicity, grade 2 in 3 patients (10.34%), grade 3 in 1 patient, was noted. Overall survival at 2 years was 100% and 89.65% at 5 years. Relapse-free survival at 2 years was 82.76% and 62.07% at 5 years. There were 3 deaths (10.34%) of which only one was related to prostate cancer. Conclusion: Radiotherapy, like surgery, is a fundamental option for the treatment of prostate cancers, particularly those that are locally advanced. It is gaining in importance with the improvement of techniques (IMRT, VMAT…) and new fractionations which contribute to the reduction of toxicities and the comfort of patients (shorter spread).
{"title":"Curative 3D Conformal Radiotherapy of Non-Operated Prostate Adenocarcinoma at Pointe-a-Pitre University Hospital (Guadeloupe): About 29 Cases","authors":"I. Thiam, K. Ka, A. Badiane, M. Bâ, El Hadj Amadou Sall, B. Ndong, Papa Ameth Fall, M. Dieng, P. Gaye","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.125026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.125026","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Technological advances have improved the toxicities of radiotherapy. We \u0000are evaluating the 3D technique in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study from January 2015 to December 2015 with 29 files. Survival \u0000was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: We collected 29 patient \u0000records over the study period. The median age was 75 years with the following \u0000extremes: 54 years and 83 years. The median PSA level was 12 ng/ml with a range \u0000of 3.05 to 79 ng/ml. Gleason score analysis showed 6 patients (20.69%) with a \u0000score of 6 (3 + 3), 23 patients (79.31%) with a score of 7 including 12 \u0000patients (41.38%) with grade 3 and 11 patients (37.93%) with grade 4. The \u0000median dose delivered was 74 Gy, with a mean dose of 73.79 Gy and extremes of \u000070 Gy for the minimum and 76 Gy for the maximum. Hormone therapy was combined \u0000with radiotherapy in 17 patients (58.62%). Seven \u0000patients (24.14%) had grade 1 acute bladder toxicity and one patient (3.45%) had grade 2 acute toxicity. Late \u0000bladder toxicity was grade 1 in 5 patients (17.24%), grade 2 in 3 \u0000patients (10.34%) and grade 3 in 1 patient (3.45%). Late rectal toxicity, grade 2 in 3 patients (10.34%), grade 3 in 1 \u0000patient, was noted. Overall survival at 2 years was 100% and 89.65% at 5 years. \u0000Relapse-free survival at 2 years was \u000082.76% and 62.07% at 5 years. There were 3 deaths (10.34%) of which only one \u0000was related to prostate cancer. Conclusion: Radiotherapy, like surgery, is a fundamental option \u0000for the treatment of prostate cancers, particularly those that are \u0000locally advanced. It is gaining in importance with the improvement of \u0000techniques (IMRT, VMAT…) and new fractionations which contribute to the \u0000reduction of toxicities and the comfort of patients (shorter spread).","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46415306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ka, P. Gaye, A. Badiane, I. Thiam, M. Bâ, P. Diene, M. Mane, L. Niang, F. Ndiaye
Background: The therapeutic standard for oligoprogressive prostate cancer resistant to castration is second-generation hormone therapy. This systemic treatment is expensive. There are oligoprogressive lesions accessible to radiotherapy. Objectives: To study the impact of radiotherapy of oligoprogressive lesions on the implementation of second generation hormone therapy. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study from 2012 to 2020 was carried out. All patients with oligoprogressive prostate cancer who had received radiotherapy on one or more lesions in progression were collated. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 8 patients were treated with stereotactic and conformational radiotherapy between August 2012 and August 2020 in the context of oligoprogressive prostate cancer resistant to castration. The median age at diagnosis of oligoprogression was 73 years with a median PSA level of 3.11 ng/ml. Nine lesions were diagnosed with PET scan PSMA. All the lesions were treated by radiotherapy with different regimens. After a median follow-up of 12.5 months, 7 patients showed a biochemical response to treatment with a median decrease in PSA of 67%. The median survival without clinical or biochemical progression was 7 months. The median survival without the need for further systemic treatment was 9 months. During the follow-up period, six patients received second-generation hormone therapy to treat their relapse, and the other two showed no clinical or biochemical relapse. Conclusion: Radiotherapy may be an alternative to delay the introduction of difficult-to-access second-generation hormone therapy in developing countries. A prospective study could validate this therapeutic approach.
{"title":"Radiotherapy of Oligoprogressive Lesions in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Impact on Second-Generation Hormone Therapy","authors":"K. Ka, P. Gaye, A. Badiane, I. Thiam, M. Bâ, P. Diene, M. Mane, L. Niang, F. Ndiaye","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.125028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.125028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The therapeutic standard for oligoprogressive prostate cancer resistant \u0000to castration is second-generation hormone therapy. This systemic treatment is \u0000expensive. There are oligoprogressive lesions accessible to radiotherapy. Objectives: To study the impact of radiotherapy of oligoprogressive lesions on the implementation of second generation hormone therapy. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study from 2012 to 2020 was \u0000carried out. All patients with oligoprogressive prostate cancer who had \u0000received radiotherapy on one or more lesions in progression were collated. \u0000Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 8 \u0000patients were treated with stereotactic and conformational radiotherapy between \u0000August 2012 and August 2020 in the context of oligoprogressive prostate cancer \u0000resistant to castration. The median age at diagnosis of oligoprogression was 73 \u0000years with a median PSA level of 3.11 ng/ml. Nine lesions were diagnosed with \u0000PET scan PSMA. All the lesions were treated by radiotherapy with different \u0000regimens. After a median follow-up of 12.5 months, 7 patients showed a \u0000biochemical response to treatment with a median decrease in PSA of 67%. The \u0000median survival without clinical or biochemical progression was 7 months. The \u0000median survival without the need for further systemic treatment was 9 months. \u0000During the follow-up period, six patients received second-generation hormone \u0000therapy to treat their relapse, and the other two showed no clinical or \u0000biochemical relapse. Conclusion: Radiotherapy may be an alternative to \u0000delay the introduction of difficult-to-access second-generation hormone therapy \u0000in developing countries. A prospective study could validate this therapeutic \u0000approach.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"302-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49575356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To explore the perioperative nursing method of brain abscess breaking into the ventricle. Methods: By reviewing the clinical data of 1 case of right temporal lobe brain abscess into the ventricle, the effective nursing methods were summarized. Results: The patient’s condition was advanced quickly, and the diagnosis was treated in time to avoid brain hernia, but the treatment was difficult because of the critical condition. Conclusion: Brain abscess is a very serious intracranial infectious disease. It is of great significance to observe the changes in patients’ condition and take effective nursing measures.
{"title":"Perioperative Nursing of a Case of Right Temporal Lobe Brain Abscess Ruptured into the Ventricle","authors":"Xiaoqun Chen, Shuo Yang, Qinqin Zhao, Zhihuan Zhou","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.125022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.125022","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the perioperative nursing method of brain \u0000abscess breaking into the ventricle. Methods: By reviewing \u0000the clinical data of 1 case of right temporal lobe brain abscess into the ventricle, \u0000the effective nursing methods were summarized. Results: The patient’s condition was advanced quickly, \u0000and the diagnosis was treated in time to avoid brain hernia, but the treatment was \u0000difficult because of the critical condition. Conclusion: Brain abscess is \u0000a very serious intracranial infectious disease. It is of great significance to observe the changes in patients’ condition and take \u0000effective nursing measures.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49367062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-337088/V2
Jian Huang, D. Zhu, Xinle Ren, Bing Huang
Background Malignant granular cell tumor (GCT) is extremely rare. Malignant GCT with EP300 gene mutation in the bladder has not been reported in the literature. Case presentation We report a special case of 45 years old female with malignant GCT of the bladder. Physical examination found a pelvic mass in the patient. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a huge mass between the posterior wall of the bladder, the cervix, and the anterior wall of the vagina. Pathological examination showed that the mass was 11×11×4.5cm in size, involved in the bladder's posterior wall. Under the microscope, the tumor cells were arranged in the shape of a nest or cord to infiltrate the bladder's wall. The tumor cells were pleomorphic, red-stained granular within the cytoplasm, with increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, vacuolar nuclei, and obvious nucleoli. The tumor cells were showed obvious nuclear atypia, and the mitosis was more than 5/50HPF. Coagulative necrosis was widely showed within the tumor. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) showed that S-100, NSE, CD68, CR, α-AT, and TFE-3 were strongly positive, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was around 15%. The next-generation high throughput sequencing indicated that EP300 gene was missense mutated (c.457A>G) with 33% mutation abundance, and genes of DPYD(c.1627A>G),ERCC1( c.354T>C),NQO1(c.559C>T),TPMT(c.719A>G) and XRCC1(c.1196A>G) were polymorphic mutated. The patient died after three months of the second surgical treatment. Conclusions We report for the first time a primary bladder malignant GCM accompanied by mutations in special driving genes such as EP300. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review and an in-depth discussion.
{"title":"Bladder malignant granular cell tumor with EP300 gene mutation: a case report and literature review","authors":"Jian Huang, D. Zhu, Xinle Ren, Bing Huang","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-337088/V2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-337088/V2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background Malignant granular cell tumor (GCT) is extremely rare. Malignant GCT with EP300 gene mutation in the bladder has not been reported in the literature. Case presentation We report a special case of 45 years old female with malignant GCT of the bladder. Physical examination found a pelvic mass in the patient. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a huge mass between the posterior wall of the bladder, the cervix, and the anterior wall of the vagina. Pathological examination showed that the mass was 11×11×4.5cm in size, involved in the bladder's posterior wall. Under the microscope, the tumor cells were arranged in the shape of a nest or cord to infiltrate the bladder's wall. The tumor cells were pleomorphic, red-stained granular within the cytoplasm, with increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, vacuolar nuclei, and obvious nucleoli. The tumor cells were showed obvious nuclear atypia, and the mitosis was more than 5/50HPF. Coagulative necrosis was widely showed within the tumor. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) showed that S-100, NSE, CD68, CR, α-AT, and TFE-3 were strongly positive, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was around 15%. The next-generation high throughput sequencing indicated that EP300 gene was missense mutated (c.457A>G) with 33% mutation abundance, and genes of DPYD(c.1627A>G),ERCC1( c.354T>C),NQO1(c.559C>T),TPMT(c.719A>G) and XRCC1(c.1196A>G) were polymorphic mutated. The patient died after three months of the second surgical treatment. Conclusions We report for the first time a primary bladder malignant GCM accompanied by mutations in special driving genes such as EP300. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review and an in-depth discussion.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Røkke, Thomas Heggelund, J. Benth, M. Røkke, K. Øvrebø
Background: Clinical predictors of death and survival in surgical treatment of colon cancer are easily confounded by the modern adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. This study focuses on lethality and survival during implementation of ultra-radical surgery for colonic cancer prior to multimodal therapy. Methods: Retrospective observational follow-up study of 824 consecutive, unselected patients resected for Stage I, II, III and IV colon cancer from 1990 until 2000 at one tertiary centre, with a median follow-up of 45 months (0 - 202 months). Predictors for death were assessed by Cox regression analyses and log-rank test. The cause of death was obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Results: The relative survival rates were 86.3%, 71.9%, 50.3% and 6.6% in Stage I, II, III and IV, respectively. In 28.7% of the patients, the cause of death was other than colorectal cancer recurrence. The adjusted Cox regression model showed that higher age (1.04 (95% CI: 1.03; 1.05)), male gender (1.37 (1.14; 1.66)), emergency surgery (1.52 (1.21; 1.93)), left vs. right hemicolectomy (1.39 (1.03; 1.87)), and perioperative blood transfusion (1.25 (1.01; 1.55)) were predictors of reduced survival. Health without known comorbidity (0.71 (0.58; 0.88)), D2 versus D1 lymph node dissection (0.66 (0.53; 0.83)) and tumour Stage I, II, III versus Stage IV 0.10 (0.06; 0.16), 0.14 (0.11; 0.19), 0.23 (0.18; 0.30) were associated with prolonged survival. Conclusions: In 28.7% of the patients, the cause of death was other than colorectal cancer recurrence. Age, sex, comorbidity, emergency resection, lack of lymph node dissection, tumour stage, and preoperative blood transfusions are all significant predictors for reduced survival after surgery for colon cancer.
{"title":"Cause of Death and Clinical Predictors of Survival after Curative Resection for Colon Cancer","authors":"O. Røkke, Thomas Heggelund, J. Benth, M. Røkke, K. Øvrebø","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.124017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.124017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical predictors of death and survival in \u0000surgical treatment of colon cancer are \u0000easily confounded by the modern adjuvant and neo-adjuvant \u0000chemotherapy. This study focuses on lethality and survival during \u0000implementation of ultra-radical surgery for colonic cancer prior to multimodal \u0000therapy. Methods: Retrospective observational follow-up study of 824 \u0000consecutive, unselected patients resected for Stage I, II, III and IV colon \u0000cancer from 1990 until 2000 at one tertiary centre, with a median follow-up of \u000045 months (0 - 202 months). Predictors for death were assessed by Cox \u0000regression analyses and log-rank test. The cause of death was obtained from the \u0000Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Results: The relative survival rates \u0000were 86.3%, 71.9%, 50.3% and 6.6% in Stage I, II, III and IV, respectively. In \u000028.7% of the patients, the cause of death \u0000was other than colorectal cancer recurrence. The adjusted Cox regression model showed that higher age (1.04 (95% CI: 1.03; 1.05)), male gender (1.37 (1.14; 1.66)), emergency surgery (1.52 (1.21; 1.93)), left vs. right hemicolectomy (1.39 (1.03; \u00001.87)), and perioperative blood transfusion (1.25 (1.01; 1.55)) were \u0000predictors of reduced survival. Health without known comorbidity (0.71 (0.58; \u00000.88)), D2 versus D1 lymph node dissection (0.66 (0.53; 0.83)) and tumour Stage \u0000I, II, III versus Stage IV 0.10 (0.06; 0.16), 0.14 (0.11; 0.19), 0.23 (0.18; \u00000.30) were associated with prolonged survival. Conclusions: In 28.7% of \u0000the patients, the cause of death was other than colorectal cancer recurrence. \u0000Age, sex, comorbidity, emergency resection, \u0000lack of lymph node dissection, tumour stage, and preoperative blood transfusions are all significant predictors for reduced survival after \u0000surgery for colon cancer.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48250485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bâ, F. Sarr, A. Diallo, M. Mane, Pape Massamba Diéne, P. Gaye
Background: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for rectal cancer. In 2018, Senegal experienced a transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional radiotherapy (RC3D). We are evaluating for the first time the impact of this RC3D in the treatment of rectal cancer in Senegal. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic profile of rectum cancer in Senegal, to list the different radiotherapy techniques used, to evaluate the response as well as the outcome of patients. Method: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on preoperative radio-chemotherapy of rectal adenocarcinoma at the Dalal Jamm University Hospital in Dakar from July 2018 to June 2020. Results: The 42 patients included, including 18 men and 24 women (Sex Ratio: 0.75), had an average age of 55.9 years. We found a family history of CRC (Colorectal cancer) in 7 cases and smoking in 5 cases. The clinical signs were dominated by rectal bleeding, noted in 92.8% of cases, with or without pain, and changes in transit in 57.1% and 50% respectively. The tumor was perceptible on digital rectal examination (DRE) in 76.1%. All patients had undergone endoscopy, which revealed a budding aspect in 69% of cases. The preferred location was the lower rectum (59.5%). The predominant histological type was liberkhunian adenocarcinoma (85.7%). T3 and T4 tumors accounted for 30.9% and 21.4% of cases respectively and stage III was predominant, 69%. The aim of radiotherapy was curative in 33 patients and palliative in 9 patients. Curative radiotherapy was preoperative in 29 patients and adjuvant in 2 patients. RC3D was the technique used in all our patients and the total dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 sessions of 5 days per week was the most used (69%). The incidents noted during radiotherapy were 12 cases of radiodermatitis, 15 cases of diarrhea, and no severe toxicity was noted. Thirty-one patients underwent surgery, 16 with anterior resection of the rectum and 3 with total proctectomy; the sphincter preservation rate was 61.2%. The surgical resection was carcinological (R0) in 26 patients and microscopically incomplete (R1) in 5 patients. Post-operative evaluation of the pathological specimen showed a complete histological response in 21% of cases. The evolution was marked by a progressive disease in 4 cases, local recurrence in 3 cases, metastatic recurrence in 4 cases, death in 8 cases and remission in 23 cases. The average follow-up of our patients was 17.3 months. Conclusion: Rectal cancer is diagnosed late in Senegal; surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment. Radiotherapy increases the resectability and local control.
{"title":"Radio-Chemotherapy in Pre-Operative Rectal Adenocarcinoma at Dalal Jamm Hospital, Senegal","authors":"M. Bâ, F. Sarr, A. Diallo, M. Mane, Pape Massamba Diéne, P. Gaye","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.124021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.124021","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for rectal cancer. In 2018, Senegal \u0000experienced a transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional radiotherapy \u0000(RC3D). We are evaluating for the first time the impact of this RC3D in the \u0000treatment of rectal cancer in Senegal. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic \u0000profile of rectum cancer in Senegal, to list the different radiotherapy \u0000techniques used, to evaluate the response as well \u0000as the outcome of patients. Method: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on preoperative \u0000radio-chemotherapy of rectal adenocarcinoma at the Dalal Jamm University \u0000Hospital in Dakar from July 2018 to June 2020. Results: The 42 patients \u0000included, including 18 men and 24 women (Sex Ratio: 0.75), had an average age \u0000of 55.9 years. We found a family history of CRC (Colorectal cancer) in 7 cases \u0000and smoking in 5 cases. The clinical signs were dominated by rectal bleeding, \u0000noted in 92.8% of cases, with or without pain, and changes in transit in 57.1% \u0000and 50% respectively. The tumor was perceptible on digital rectal examination \u0000(DRE) in 76.1%. All patients had undergone endoscopy, which revealed a budding \u0000aspect in 69% of cases. The preferred location was the lower rectum (59.5%). \u0000The predominant histological type was liberkhunian adenocarcinoma (85.7%). T3 \u0000and T4 tumors accounted for 30.9% and 21.4% of cases respectively and stage III \u0000was predominant, 69%. The aim of radiotherapy was curative in 33 patients and \u0000palliative in 9 patients. Curative radiotherapy was preoperative in 29 patients \u0000and adjuvant in 2 patients. RC3D was the technique used in all our patients and \u0000the total dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 sessions of 5 days per week was the most used \u0000(69%). The incidents noted during radiotherapy were 12 cases of \u0000radiodermatitis, 15 cases of diarrhea, and no severe toxicity was noted. \u0000Thirty-one patients underwent surgery, 16 with anterior resection of the rectum \u0000and 3 with total proctectomy; the sphincter preservation rate was 61.2%. The \u0000surgical resection was carcinological (R0) in 26 patients and microscopically \u0000incomplete (R1) in 5 patients. Post-operative evaluation of the pathological \u0000specimen showed a complete histological response in 21% of cases. The evolution \u0000was marked by a progressive disease in 4 cases, local recurrence in 3 cases, \u0000metastatic recurrence in 4 cases, death in 8 cases and remission in 23 cases. The average follow-up of our \u0000patients was 17.3 months. Conclusion: Rectal cancer is diagnosed \u0000late in Senegal; surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment. Radiotherapy \u0000increases the resectability and local control.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43037204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aimed to identify hub genes that are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) liver HCC datasets. The robust rank aggregation algorithm was used in integrating the data on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Online databases DAVID 6.8 and REACTOME were used for gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. R software version 3.5.1, Cytoscape, and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to identify hub genes. Results: Six GEO datasets and the TCGA liver HCC dataset were included in this analysis. A total of 151 upregulated and 245 downregulated DEGs were identified. The upregulated DEGs most significantly enriched in the functional categories of cell division, chromosomes, centromeric regions, and protein binding, whereas the downregulated DEGs most significantly enriched in the epoxygenase P450 pathway, extracellular region, and heme binding, with respect to biological process, cellular component, and molecular function analysis, respectively. Upregulated DEGS most significantly enriched the cell cycle pathway, whereas downregulated DEGs most significantly enriched the metabolism pathway. Finally, 88 upregulated and 40 downregulated genes were identified as hub genes. The top 10 upregulated hub DEGs were CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC20, CCNA2, AURKA, MAD2L1, TOP2A, BUB1B and BUB1. The top 10 downregulated hub DEGs were ESR1, IGF1, FTCD, CYP3A4, SPP2, C8A, CYP2E1, TAT, F9 and CYP2C9. Conclusions: This study identified several upregulated and downregulated hub genes that are associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Verification of these results using in vitro and in vivo studies is warranted.
{"title":"Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis by Bioinformatics Analysis","authors":"Zhang Xi, Luo Xiaojun, Liu Wenbin, Shen Ai","doi":"10.4236/JCT.2021.124019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JCT.2021.124019","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to identify hub genes that are associated with \u0000hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer \u0000Genome Atlas (TCGA) liver HCC datasets. The robust rank \u0000aggregation algorithm was used in \u0000integrating the data on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Online \u0000databases DAVID 6.8 and REACTOME were used for gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. R software version 3.5.1, Cytoscape, and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to identify hub genes. Results: Six GEO datasets and the TCGA liver HCC dataset were included in this analysis. \u0000A total of 151 upregulated and 245 downregulated DEGs were identified. The upregulated DEGs most significantly \u0000enriched in the functional categories of cell division, chromosomes, \u0000centromeric regions, and protein binding, \u0000whereas the downregulated DEGs most significantly enriched in the epoxygenase P450 pathway, extracellular region, and heme \u0000binding, with respect to biological process, cellular component, and \u0000molecular function analysis, respectively. Upregulated DEGS most significantly \u0000enriched the cell cycle pathway, whereas downregulated DEGs most significantly \u0000enriched the metabolism pathway. Finally, 88 \u0000upregulated and 40 downregulated genes were identified as hub genes. The top 10 upregulated hub DEGs were CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC20, CCNA2, AURKA, MAD2L1, TOP2A, BUB1B and BUB1. The top 10 \u0000downregulated hub DEGs were ESR1, IGF1, FTCD, CYP3A4, SPP2, C8A, CYP2E1, TAT, F9 and CYP2C9. Conclusions: This study identified several upregulated and downregulated hub genes \u0000that are associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Verification of these \u0000results using in vitro and in vivo studies is warranted.","PeriodicalId":66197,"journal":{"name":"癌症治疗(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48524055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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