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2016 ACM/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)最新文献

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WiP Abstract: A Novel Strategy for Active Cell Balancing 一种新的细胞主动平衡策略
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479124
Sriram Vasudevan, N. Shivaraman, A. Easwaran
Cell imbalance in batteries results in the degradation of capacity delivery of the battery. Battery Management System (BMS) uses passive or active balancing techniques to counter this. The strength of a battery measured in terms of State- of-Charge (SoC), is limited by the capacity of its weakest cell leading to under-utilized cells and reduced lifetime. In this paper, we present a novel active cell balancing algorithm to minimize the number of transactions to transfer the capacity between the cells to achieve a balance among cells.
电池的不平衡会导致电池容量的下降。电池管理系统(BMS)使用被动或主动平衡技术来解决这个问题。以充电状态(SoC)衡量的电池强度受到其最弱电池容量的限制,从而导致电池利用率不足和寿命缩短。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的主动单元平衡算法,以最小化事务的数量来转移单元之间的容量,从而实现单元之间的平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerability of Transportation Networks to Traffic-Signal Tampering 交通网络对交通信号篡改的脆弱性
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479122
Aron Laszka, Bradley Potteiger, Yevgeniy Vorobeychik, Saurabh Amin, X. Koutsoukos
Traffic signals were originally standalone hardware devices running on fixed schedules, but by now, they have evolved into complex networked systems. As a consequence, traffic signals have become susceptible to attacks through wireless interfaces or even remote attacks through the Internet. Indeed, recent studies have shown that many traffic lights deployed in practice have easily exploitable vulnerabilities, which allow an attacker to tamper with the configuration of the signal. Due to hardware-based failsafes, these vulnerabilities cannot be used to cause accidents. However, they may be used to cause disastrous traffic congestions. Building on Daganzo's well- known traffic model, we introduce an approach for evaluating vulnerabilities of transportation networks, identifying traffic signals that have the greatest impact on congestion and which, therefore, make natural targets for attacks. While we prove that finding an attack that maximally impacts congestion is NP-hard, we also exhibit a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm for computing approximately optimal attacks. We then use numerical experiments to show that our algorithm is extremely efficient in practice. Finally, we also evaluate our approach using the SUMO traffic simulator with a real-world transportation network, demonstrating vulnerabilities of this network. These simulation results extend the numerical experiments by showing that our algorithm is extremely efficient in a microsimulation model as well.
交通信号灯最初是按照固定时间表运行的独立硬件设备,但到目前为止,它们已经演变成复杂的网络系统。因此,交通信号很容易受到无线接口的攻击,甚至通过互联网进行远程攻击。事实上,最近的研究表明,在实践中部署的许多交通灯都有容易被利用的漏洞,这使得攻击者可以篡改信号的配置。由于基于硬件的故障保护,这些漏洞不能用于造成事故。然而,它们可能被用来造成灾难性的交通拥堵。在Daganzo著名的交通模型的基础上,我们引入了一种方法来评估交通网络的脆弱性,识别对拥堵影响最大的交通信号,因此,这些信号是攻击的自然目标。虽然我们证明了找到一个最大程度影响拥塞的攻击是np困难的,但我们也展示了一个多项式时间启发式算法,用于计算近似最优攻击。并通过数值实验验证了算法的有效性。最后,我们还使用SUMO交通模拟器与现实世界的交通网络来评估我们的方法,展示了该网络的脆弱性。这些模拟结果扩展了数值实验,表明我们的算法在微观模拟模型中也是非常有效的。
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引用次数: 53
WiP Abstract: A Mixed Logical Dynamical System Model for Taxi Cruising Support System 摘要:出租车巡航支持系统的混合逻辑动力系统模型
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479123
T. Ushio, Masaki Hiromoto, A. Okamoto, T. Akiyama
We are developing a taxi cruising support system implemented as a smartphone application. The system consists of the interface manager, the database, the demand predictor, and the optimizer. The interface manager receives data about the current status of each taxi and sends the current optimal cruising direction and predicted future demands to each taxi. The database stores all information used in the support system including historic data on demands. The optimizer computes the optimal cruising directions of taxies using the future demand predicted at the demand predictor. We derive a novel model of collective behaviors of taxies used for computation of the optimal cruising at the optimizer. The model is described by a mixed logical dynamical system.
我们正在开发一个出租车巡航支持系统作为智能手机应用程序实现。该系统由接口管理器、数据库、需求预测器和优化器组成。接口管理器接收关于每辆出租车当前状态的数据,并向每辆出租车发送当前最优巡航方向和预测的未来需求。该数据库存储了支持系统中使用的所有信息,包括需求的历史数据。优化器使用需求预测器预测的未来需求计算出租车的最佳巡航方向。本文建立了一种新的出租车集体行为模型,用于优化器下的最优巡航计算。该模型由一个混合逻辑动力系统来描述。
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引用次数: 1
✲-Aware Charging of Lithium-Ion Battery Cells 对锂离子电池进行有意识的充电
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479067
Liang He, Eugene Kim, K. Shin
Lithium-ion cells are widely used in various platforms, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and mobile devices. Complete and fast charging of cells has always been the goal for sustainable system operation. However, fast charging is not always the best solution, especially in view of a new finding that cells need to rest/relax after being charged with high current to avoid accelerated capacity fading. Fast charging for its typical Charge-and-Go scenario does not allow this needed relaxation. In this paper, we propose *-Aware, a novel charging algorithm which maximizes the charged capacity within the user-specified available charging time (i.e., user-awareness) while ensuring enough relaxation (i.e., cell-awareness). We motivate and evaluate *-Aware via extensive measurements over 10 months. *-Aware is shown to improve the charged capacity by 6.9-50.5% over other charging algorithms that also ensure relaxation, and by almost 3x in some extreme cases. Furthermore, *-Aware slows down the capacity fading by 49.55% when compared to fast charging.
锂离子电池广泛应用于各种平台,如电动汽车(ev)和移动设备。电池的完全和快速充电一直是可持续系统运行的目标。然而,快速充电并不总是最好的解决方案,特别是考虑到一项新的发现,即电池在大电流充电后需要休息/放松,以避免加速容量衰减。其典型的“充电即走”场景的快速充电不允许这种必要的放松。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的充电算法*-Aware,该算法在用户指定的可用充电时间(即用户感知)内最大化充电容量,同时确保足够的放松(即细胞感知)。我们通过10个月的广泛测量来激励和评估*-Aware。*-Aware被证明比其他充电算法提高6.9-50.5%的充电容量,也确保了放松,在某些极端情况下几乎提高了3倍。此外,与快速充电相比,*-Aware使容量衰减速度降低了49.55%。
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引用次数: 13
Eco-Friendly Automotive Climate Control and Navigation System for Electric Vehicles 环保型电动汽车气候控制与导航系统
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479101
K. Vatanparvar, M. A. Faruque
Tight integration of cyber-dominated control systems and physical systems has helped Electric Vehicles (EV) as a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) to achieve zero-emission transportation capability. However, it poses major difficulties such as poor driving range, high price, and troublesome recharging which demotivate their consumers. These problems have arisen due to the stringent constraints on the EV battery packs. Moreover, the battery capacity degrades overtime and this degradation defines the battery lifetime and shortens the driving range further. The driving range and battery lifetime are mainly influenced by the route behavior, electric motor, and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) power consumption. In this paper, we present a novel jointly optimized eco-friendly automotive climate control and navigation system methodology. The integration between these two systems helps us to optimize the HVAC utilization and route for better battery lifetime and driving range. We have compared the performance of our methodology with the state-of-the-arts for different weather and route behavior. We have seen upto 24% improvement in battery lifetime and 17% reduction in energy consumption.
网络控制系统与物理系统的紧密结合,有助于电动汽车作为一种网络物理系统实现零排放运输能力。然而,它带来了主要的困难,如行驶里程差,价格高,充电麻烦,这些都使消费者失去了动力。这些问题的出现是由于对电动汽车电池组的严格限制。此外,电池容量随着时间的推移而下降,这种下降决定了电池的使用寿命,并进一步缩短了行驶里程。行驶里程和电池寿命主要受路线行为、电动机和暖通空调(HVAC)功耗的影响。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的联合优化的环保汽车气候控制和导航系统方法。这两个系统之间的集成有助于我们优化HVAC利用率和路线,以提高电池寿命和行驶里程。我们已经将我们的方法的性能与最先进的不同天气和路线行为的性能进行了比较。我们发现电池寿命提高了24%,能耗降低了17%。
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引用次数: 28
Wireless Routing and Control: A Cyber-Physical Case Study 无线路由和控制:一个网络物理案例研究
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479131
Bo Li, Yehan Ma, T. Westenbroek, Chengjie Wu, Humberto González, Chenyang Lu
Wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs) are being adopted in process industries because of their advantages in lowering deployment and maintenance costs. While there has been significant theoretical advancement in networked control design, only limited empirical results that combine control design with realistic WSAN standards exist. This paper presents a cyber-physical case study on a wireless process control system that integrates state-of-the-art network control design and a WSAN based on the WirelessHART standard. The case study systematically explores the interactions between wireless routing and control design in the process control plant. The network supports alternative routing strategies, including single-path source routing and multi-path graph routing. To mitigate the effect of data loss in the WSAN, the control design integrates an observer based on an Extended Kalman Filter with a model predictive controller and an actuator buffer of recent control inputs. We observe that sensing and actuation can have different levels of resilience to packet loss under this network control design. We then propose a flexible routing approach where the routing strategy for sensing and actuation can be configured separately. Finally, we show that an asymmetric routing configuration with different routing strategies for sensing and actuation can effectively improve control performance under significant packet loss. Our results highlight the importance of co- joining the design of wireless network protocols and control in wireless control systems.
无线传感器-执行器网络(wsan)因其在降低部署和维护成本方面的优势而被广泛应用于过程工业。虽然在网络控制设计方面已经取得了重大的理论进展,但将控制设计与现实WSAN标准相结合的经验结果有限。本文介绍了一个无线过程控制系统的网络物理案例研究,该系统集成了最先进的网络控制设计和基于WirelessHART标准的WSAN。本案例系统地探讨了过程控制装置中无线路由与控制设计之间的相互作用。该网络支持备选路由策略,包括单路径源路由和多路径图路由。为了减轻WSAN中数据丢失的影响,控制设计将基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的观测器与模型预测控制器和最近控制输入的执行器缓冲区集成在一起。我们观察到,在这种网络控制设计下,感知和驱动可以对数据包丢失具有不同程度的弹性。然后,我们提出了一种灵活的路由方法,其中可以分别配置用于传感和驱动的路由策略。最后,我们证明了采用不同路由策略的非对称路由配置可以有效地提高在严重丢包情况下的控制性能。我们的研究结果强调了无线控制系统中无线网络协议设计和控制的重要性。
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引用次数: 59
Characterizing the Benefits and Limitations of Smart Building Meeting Room Scheduling 表征智能建筑会议室调度的优势和局限性
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479070
Abhinandan Majumdar, Zhiru Zhang, D. Albonesi
Automated building meeting assignment attempts to save meeting room energy by more intelligently assigning meetings to the available rooms. While this approach has shown good potential for particular conditions, it relies on time-consuming building simulations or model based algorithms that do not scale well to larger problems, and fails to account for important building energy factors. We present a new approach to applying and understanding meeting scheduling based on building power characterization. We determine the key factors affecting the building energy consumption with respect to the meeting assignment, and develop an energy savings model. Using this model, we show how meeting room, meeting schedule, and weather related parameters affect the energy savings potential of smart meeting scheduling. We further identify the situations where smart meeting room assignment algorithms would give significant energy savings, and where simple assignment algorithms would suffice. We also demonstrate that the incorporation of key modeling parameters greatly improves modeling accuracy over prior approaches.
自动建筑会议分配试图通过更智能地将会议分配到可用的房间来节省会议室的能源。虽然这种方法在特定条件下显示出良好的潜力,但它依赖于耗时的建筑模拟或基于模型的算法,不能很好地扩展到更大的问题,并且不能考虑重要的建筑能源因素。我们提出了一种应用和理解基于建筑功率特性的会议调度的新方法。我们根据会议分配确定了影响建筑能耗的关键因素,并建立了节能模型。利用这个模型,我们展示了会议室、会议安排和天气相关参数如何影响智能会议安排的节能潜力。我们进一步确定了智能会议室分配算法将显著节省能源的情况,以及简单分配算法就足够的情况。我们还证明,与先前的方法相比,关键建模参数的结合大大提高了建模精度。
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引用次数: 8
WiP Abstract: Stabilizing Traffic with a Single Autonomous Vehicle 摘要:单个自动驾驶车辆的稳定交通
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479130
Raphael E. Stern, D. Work, Shumo Cui, H. Pohlmann, Benjamin Seibold, M. D. Monache, B. Piccoli, J. Sprinkle
This work focuses on technologies for cyber physical systems (CPS) to mitigate traffic instabilities that adversely affect fuel consumption (e.g., stop-and-go waves) via precise velocity control of a small number of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the highway. The main finding is that even a single autonomous vehicle may substantially reduce undesirable traffic waves in its vicinity when properly controlled. The general approach is to use AVs and their sensors to detect congestion events, and then close the loop by carefully following prescribed velocity controllers that are demonstrated to reduce the fuel consumption of the overall traffic flow.
这项工作的重点是网络物理系统(CPS)技术,通过对高速公路上少量自动驾驶汽车(AVs)的精确速度控制,减轻对燃油消耗产生不利影响的交通不稳定性(例如走走停停波)。主要发现是,如果控制得当,即使是一辆自动驾驶汽车也可以大大减少附近不受欢迎的交通波动。一般的方法是使用自动驾驶汽车及其传感器来检测拥堵事件,然后通过仔细遵循规定的速度控制器来关闭环路,这些速度控制器被证明可以减少整体交通流量的燃油消耗。
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引用次数: 1
Data-Driven Robust Taxi Dispatch Approaches 数据驱动的稳健出租车调度方法
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479094
Fei Miao, Shuo Han, Shan Lin, J. Stankovic, Qian Wang, Desheng Zhang, T. He, George J. Pappas
The objective of the article is to develop a system level control framework, incorporate data information with real-time control decisions, balance vacant taxis with minimum total idle driving distance, and consider model uncertainties.
本文的目标是开发一个系统级控制框架,将数据信息与实时控制决策相结合,以最小的总空闲驾驶距离平衡空置出租车,并考虑模型的不确定性。
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引用次数: 5
Demo Abstract: Gesture-Based Cyber-Physical In-Home Therapy System in a Big Data Environment 摘要:大数据环境下基于手势的网络物理家庭治疗系统
Pub Date : 2016-04-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICCPS.2016.7479097
Mohamed Abdur Rahman
This demo provides an overview of a gesture-based cyber-physical therapy system, which integrates entities in the physical as well as cyber world for therapy sensing, therapeutic data computation, interaction between cyber and physical world, and holistic in-home therapy support through a cloud-based big data architecture. To provide appropriate therapeutic services and environment, the CPS uses a multi-modal multimedia sensory framework to support therapy recording and playback of a therapy session and visualization of effectiveness of an assigned therapy. The physical world interaction with the cyber world is stored as a rich gesture semantics with the help of multiple media streams, which is then uploaded to a tightly synchronized cyber physical cloud environment for deducing real-time and historical whole-body Range of Motion (ROM) kinematic data.
本演示概述了基于手势的网络物理治疗系统,该系统通过基于云的大数据架构,将物理世界和网络世界中的实体集成在一起,用于治疗感知、治疗数据计算、网络和物理世界之间的交互以及整体家庭治疗支持。为了提供适当的治疗服务和环境,CPS使用多模态多媒体感官框架来支持治疗过程的记录和回放,以及指定治疗效果的可视化。在多种媒体流的帮助下,物理世界与网络世界的交互被存储为丰富的手势语义,然后上传到紧密同步的网络物理云环境中,以推断实时和历史的全身运动范围(ROM)运动学数据。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2016 ACM/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)
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