Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1007/s10946-023-10159-1
Niranjan Kumar, Srest Somay
We examine and test in the laboratory our laser pulse remote sensing system, based on the number of cycles of a local oscillator. We calculate the range of an object, using a peak transmission power of 2 mW from a Mesa HP-pumped He–Ne laser with a pulse frequency of 3 kHz and a pulse width of 150 ns; also, we establish a correlation between the counted cycle and the laser wavelength. The results of outer range measurements with a range resolution of 45 m at a distance of 60 meters are presented. Here, photons are used for tracking and object identification, which being encoded using encoding technology, will be challenging to duplicate, and our optical radar will not be misplaced.
{"title":"A Prototype Model of Laser Radar","authors":"Niranjan Kumar, Srest Somay","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10159-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10159-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine and test in the laboratory our laser pulse remote sensing system, based on the number of cycles of a local oscillator. We calculate the range of an object, using a peak transmission power of 2 mW from a Mesa HP-pumped He–Ne laser with a pulse frequency of 3 kHz and a pulse width of 150 ns; also, we establish a correlation between the counted cycle and the laser wavelength. The results of outer range measurements with a range resolution of 45 m at a distance of 60 meters are presented. Here, photons are used for tracking and object identification, which being encoded using encoding technology, will be challenging to duplicate, and our optical radar will not be misplaced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 5","pages":"523 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138525105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1007/s10946-023-10162-6
Rena J. Kasumova
We present a theoretical study of the experimentally proved fact that, in perspective nonlinear materials with an absorption band in the tuning frequency range, two simultaneous three-wave processes are realized – optical parametric generation and generation of the second harmonic of an idler wave. The analysis is carried out, taking into account the depletion of the pump wave, the phase mismatch, and the losses of all interacting waves. These two three-wave processes can be phenomenologically described as an overall four-wave interaction of waves with a phase mismatch, which induces an effective third-order optical susceptibility in a nonlinear medium that exceeds the intrinsic third-order susceptibility of the medium. In the pump depletion regime, we give a more correct determination of the induced effective cubic susceptibility of a nonlinear medium and show that the effective cubic susceptibility depends on the intensities and coefficients of the nonlinear coupling of all interacting waves. Thus, by controlling the induced cubic susceptibility, it is possible to develop promising laser tunable sources through absorption bands in the UV and mid-IR spectral ranges.
{"title":"Coupled Nonlinear Optical Processes During Absorption by Manipulating the Induced Cubic Susceptibility","authors":"Rena J. Kasumova","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10162-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10162-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a theoretical study of the experimentally proved fact that, in perspective nonlinear materials with an absorption band in the tuning frequency range, two simultaneous three-wave processes are realized – optical parametric generation and generation of the second harmonic of an idler wave. The analysis is carried out, taking into account the depletion of the pump wave, the phase mismatch, and the losses of all interacting waves. These two three-wave processes can be phenomenologically described as an overall four-wave interaction of waves with a phase mismatch, which induces an effective third-order optical susceptibility in a nonlinear medium that exceeds the intrinsic third-order susceptibility of the medium. In the pump depletion regime, we give a more correct determination of the induced effective cubic susceptibility of a nonlinear medium and show that the effective cubic susceptibility depends on the intensities and coefficients of the nonlinear coupling of all interacting waves. Thus, by controlling the induced cubic susceptibility, it is possible to develop promising laser tunable sources through absorption bands in the UV and mid-IR spectral ranges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 5","pages":"547 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138525129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We use a graphene/WS2 heterojunction as a saturable absorber (SA) in a 2 μm wavelength Thulium-doped Yttrium Aluminum perovskite (Tm:YAP) crystal-based solid-state laser and realize effective modulation performance efficiency in passive Q-switching experiments. At a pump power of 18.80 W, the measured output power is 1.293 W, with a corresponding optical–optical conversion efficiency of 6.9%. Additionally, at a pump power of 11.50 W, we achieve a pulse time of 1.16 μs at a repetition frequency of 90.36 kHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the use of graphene/WS2 heterojunctions as SA structures for 2 μm solid-state lasers based on Tm:YAP crystals.
我们在波长为 2 μm 的掺铥钇铝磷酸盐(Tm:YAP)晶体固体激光器中使用石墨烯/WS2 异质结作为可饱和吸收体(SA),并在无源 Q 开关实验中实现了有效的调制性能效率。在 18.80 W 的泵浦功率下,测得的输出功率为 1.293 W,相应的光电转换效率为 6.9%。此外,在 11.50 W 的泵浦功率下,我们在 90.36 kHz 的重复频率下实现了 1.16 μs 的脉冲时间。据我们所知,这是首次将石墨烯/WS2 异质结用作基于 Tm:YAP 晶体的 2 μm 固体激光器的 SA 结构。
{"title":"Passive Q-Switched Operation of Tm:YAP Laser with Graphene/WS2 Heterostructure Saturable Absorber","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang, Yunbo Shi, Tianhao Zong, Bangzheng Liu, Yanna Mu, Lihong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10177-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10177-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use a graphene/WS<sub>2</sub> heterojunction as a saturable absorber (SA) in a 2 μm wavelength Thulium-doped Yttrium Aluminum perovskite (Tm:YAP) crystal-based solid-state laser and realize effective modulation performance efficiency in passive <i>Q</i>-switching experiments. At a pump power of 18.80 W, the measured output power is 1.293 W, with a corresponding optical–optical conversion efficiency of 6.9%. Additionally, at a pump power of 11.50 W, we achieve a pulse time of 1.16 μs at a repetition frequency of 90.36 kHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the use of graphene/WS<sub>2</sub> heterojunctions as SA structures for 2 μm solid-state lasers based on Tm:YAP crystals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 6","pages":"673 - 681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s10946-023-10155-5
A. O. Kolesnikov, A. N. Shatokhin, E. A. Vishnyakov, E. N. Ragozin
We describe the experimental implementation of high-resolution soft X-ray spectrographs, which are stigmatic throughout their operating range. The optical configuration comprises a grazing-incidence plane VLS grating and a broadband normal-incidence focusing mirror with an aperiodic multilayer coating structure. The operating range is defined by the aperiodic multilayer mirror in use (Mo/Si: 12.5 – 25 nm; Mo/Be: 11 – 14 nm). The spectral resolution is determined by CCD detector resolution and is numerically equal to the product of the plate scale and the double pixel size. Vertically spaceresolved laser-produced plasma spectra of multiply charged ions are presented. The spatial resolution is equal to about 26 μm, the double pixel size. We discuss the prospect of extending high-resolution stigmatic spectral imaging below 11 nm and outline the data of numerical calculations of broadband normal-incidence mirrors based on aperiodic Ru/Sr and La/B4C multilayer structures.
{"title":"Broadband High-Resolution Stigmatic Spectral Imaging in the XUV Range","authors":"A. O. Kolesnikov, A. N. Shatokhin, E. A. Vishnyakov, E. N. Ragozin","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10155-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10155-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe the experimental implementation of high-resolution soft X-ray spectrographs, which are stigmatic throughout their operating range. The optical configuration comprises a grazing-incidence plane VLS grating and a broadband normal-incidence focusing mirror with an aperiodic multilayer coating structure. The operating range is defined by the aperiodic multilayer mirror in use (Mo/Si: 12.5 – 25 nm; Mo/Be: 11 – 14 nm). The spectral resolution is determined by CCD detector resolution and is numerically equal to the product of the plate scale and the double pixel size. Vertically spaceresolved laser-produced plasma spectra of multiply charged ions are presented. The spatial resolution is equal to about 26 μm, the double pixel size. We discuss the prospect of extending high-resolution stigmatic spectral imaging below 11 nm and outline the data of numerical calculations of broadband normal-incidence mirrors based on aperiodic Ru/Sr and La/B<sub>4</sub>C multilayer structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"480 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6642918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We develop an all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate, using two-dimensional nano-photonic crystals (PhCs) based on photonic-crystal semiconductor optical amplifier switches (pc-SOA). An all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate device is implemented by exploiting the cross-gain modulation property of pc-SOA (XGM) and the frequency encoding technique, which is constructed using a nano-structured photonic-crystal-based waveguide formed by a 2D square lattice of GaAsInP rods in the air background. The Pauli X gate is constructed within a two-input–two-output channel system. We confirm the operation of an all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate by two sets of simulation experiments. For the simulation process, we use the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) and plane wave expansion (PWE) techniques. The frequency range of the band gap structure is determined in the transverse electric (TE) mode. The pc-SOA is used here for its highly-packed design, less consuming power, very high power transmission, and very good execution of the logic system. The simulation result at the output channels is also checked with the help of the cross-gain modulation (XGM) process. A two-state all-optical Pauli X gate device has a very fast response time (~1 ps), allowing for very fast optical information processing, which is helpful in the field of quantum computation. The speed of operation is on the order of 1 THz. The confinement of light is controlled and dominated by the nano-photonic crystal-based device (PhCs), and the frequency encoding technique can be exploited to improve the performance of the logic system.
{"title":"Development of Nano-Photonic Structure for Implementation of Frequency Encoded Two-State Pauli X Gate","authors":"Ayan Dey, Suranjan Lakshan, Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10153-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10153-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop an all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate, using two-dimensional nano-photonic crystals (PhCs) based on photonic-crystal semiconductor optical amplifier switches (pc-SOA). An all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate device is implemented by exploiting the cross-gain modulation property of pc-SOA (XGM) and the frequency encoding technique, which is constructed using a nano-structured photonic-crystal-based waveguide formed by a 2D square lattice of GaAsInP rods in the air background. The Pauli X gate is constructed within a two-input–two-output channel system. We confirm the operation of an all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate by two sets of simulation experiments. For the simulation process, we use the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) and plane wave expansion (PWE) techniques. The frequency range of the band gap structure is determined in the transverse electric (TE) mode. The pc-SOA is used here for its highly-packed design, less consuming power, very high power transmission, and very good execution of the logic system. The simulation result at the output channels is also checked with the help of the cross-gain modulation (XGM) process. A two-state all-optical Pauli X gate device has a very fast response time (~1 ps), allowing for very fast optical information processing, which is helpful in the field of quantum computation. The speed of operation is on the order of 1 THz. The confinement of light is controlled and dominated by the nano-photonic crystal-based device (PhCs), and the frequency encoding technique can be exploited to improve the performance of the logic system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"458 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6642925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s10946-023-10154-6
Xingwu Qiu
The energy distribution characteristics of fast axial flow CO2 lasers demonstrate that they are often used for cutting and welding metal materials, and it is generally believed that they are not suitable for material heat treatment. In order to expand the application range of these lasers, we prepare graphene (Gr) reinforced high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings, employing this type of laser under loworder mode conditions by adjusting processing parameters and cladding powder composition through orthogonal experiments. Then we study the effect of laser processing parameters on Gr/AlxCoCrNiTi composite coatings. The research results indicate that the optimum process parameters are as follows: the laser power P = 3200 W, the scanning speed V = 14 mm/s, the cladding powder thickness d = 1.2 mm, and the spot diameter D = 4.0 mm. We find that, under the optimum process parameters, the Gr/AlxCoCrNiTi laser cladding coatings exhibit typical dendrites and equiaxed grains. The microstructure refines with increase in the Al content. The Gr/AlxCoCrNiTi laser cladding coating mainly consists of the face centered cubic (FCC), body centered cubic (BCC), and M23C6. Increase in the Al content promotes the formation of the BCC structure. The microhardness of Gr/AlxCoCrNiTi composite coatings range from 550 to 725 HV. The hardness is related to the solid solution strengthening caused by Gr and Al. With increase in the Al content, the microhardness of the coating shows a trend to increase, the wear resistance first increases and then decreases. The wear resistance is related to the BCC content and cracks in the coating. Orthogonal experiments and coating performance indicate that, by adjusting laser processing parameters and alloy composition, it is possible for fast axial flow CO2 lasers to prepare Gr/AlxCoCrNiTi composite coatings under low-order mode conditions, which can expand the applicability of these lasers.
{"title":"Effect of Fast Axial Flow CO2 Laser Processing Parameters on Graphene/AlxCoCrNiTi High Entropy Alloy","authors":"Xingwu Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10154-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10154-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The energy distribution characteristics of fast axial flow CO<sub>2</sub> lasers demonstrate that they are often used for cutting and welding metal materials, and it is generally believed that they are not suitable for material heat treatment. In order to expand the application range of these lasers, we prepare graphene (Gr) reinforced high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings, employing this type of laser under loworder mode conditions by adjusting processing parameters and cladding powder composition through orthogonal experiments. Then we study the effect of laser processing parameters on Gr/Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>CoCrNiTi composite coatings. The research results indicate that the optimum process parameters are as follows: the laser power <i>P</i> = 3200 W, the scanning speed <i>V</i> = 14 mm/s, the cladding powder thickness <i>d</i> = 1<i>.</i>2 mm, and the spot diameter <i>D</i> = 4<i>.</i>0 mm. We find that, under the optimum process parameters, the Gr/Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>CoCrNiTi laser cladding coatings exhibit typical dendrites and equiaxed grains. The microstructure refines with increase in the Al content. The Gr/AlxCoCrNiTi laser cladding coating mainly consists of the face centered cubic (FCC), body centered cubic (BCC), and M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>. Increase in the Al content promotes the formation of the BCC structure. The microhardness of Gr/Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>CoCrNiTi composite coatings range from 550 to 725 HV. The hardness is related to the solid solution strengthening caused by Gr and Al. With increase in the Al content, the microhardness of the coating shows a trend to increase, the wear resistance first increases and then decreases. The wear resistance is related to the BCC content and cracks in the coating. Orthogonal experiments and coating performance indicate that, by adjusting laser processing parameters and alloy composition, it is possible for fast axial flow CO<sub>2</sub> lasers to prepare Gr/Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>CoCrNiTi composite coatings under low-order mode conditions, which can expand the applicability of these lasers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"470 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6642926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using two definitions of the turbulent distance to characterize the laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence, we derive a general analytical expression for the beam spread η depending on the turbulence parameter T(α) with the generalized exponent α and on the initial second-order beam moments in the z = 0 plane. Larger values of η correspond to a larger influence of atmospheric turbulence on the laser beam. We subsequently apply the analytical expression of η to a partially coherent Hermite–Gaussian beam propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence and illustrate the properties of η by numerical examples. The results show that the η values first increase, reach their maximum for a generalized exponent α ≈ 3.11, and then decrease with increase in α. Also η decreases with increasing beam order and wavelength, as well as with increasing values of the generalized refractive-index structural turbulence parameter, beam waist width, and coherence parameter.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Two Definitions of the Turbulent Distance for Laser Beams Propagating Through Non-Kolmogorov Atmospheric Turbulence","authors":"Yongping Huang, Zhichun Duan, Xingyong Huang, Shiwei Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10152-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10152-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using two definitions of the turbulent distance to characterize the laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence, we derive a general analytical expression for the beam spread <i>η</i> depending on the turbulence parameter <i>T</i>(<i>α</i>) with the generalized exponent <i>α</i> and on the initial second-order beam moments in the <i>z</i> = 0 plane. Larger values of <i>η</i> correspond to a larger influence of atmospheric turbulence on the laser beam. We subsequently apply the analytical expression of <i>η</i> to a partially coherent Hermite–Gaussian beam propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence and illustrate the properties of <i>η</i> by numerical examples. The results show that the <i>η</i> values first increase, reach their maximum for a generalized exponent <i>α ≈</i> 3<i>.</i>11, and then decrease with increase in <i>α</i>. Also <i>η</i> decreases with increasing beam order and wavelength, as well as with increasing values of the generalized refractive-index structural turbulence parameter, beam waist width, and coherence parameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"451 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6642920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s10946-023-10146-6
Wei Jiang, Caiguo Zheng, Cheng Ye, Zao Yi, Fusheng Zheng, Yongjian Tang
To overcome the low efficiency of traditional pyrotechnic solid-state laser energy conversion, we design a dust cloud pyrotechnic-pumped Nd :YAG laser based on the thermal radiation model and Lambert–Beer law, which effectively addresses the issue of self-absorption during the combustion of traditional pyrotechnic compositions. Therefore, the laser output energy increases significantly. A laser energy of 2.15 J with a pulse width of 50 ms is achieved using 150 mg KClO4/Zr/Al in this work. The energy-to-mass ratio reaches 14.34 J/g. Compared with the traditional pyrotechnic solid-state laser, the Nd :YAG laser pumped by a dust cloud showed a lower light threshold, higher energy efficiency, higher saturation limit, and better safety. In this work, we presents a novel and feasible solution for the development of compact and safe high-energy lasers.
{"title":"High-Energy Nd :YAG Laser Technology Based on Dust-Cloud Pyrotechnic Pumping","authors":"Wei Jiang, Caiguo Zheng, Cheng Ye, Zao Yi, Fusheng Zheng, Yongjian Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10146-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10146-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To overcome the low efficiency of traditional pyrotechnic solid-state laser energy conversion, we design a dust cloud pyrotechnic-pumped Nd :YAG laser based on the thermal radiation model and Lambert–Beer law, which effectively addresses the issue of self-absorption during the combustion of traditional pyrotechnic compositions. Therefore, the laser output energy increases significantly. A laser energy of 2.15 J with a pulse width of 50 ms is achieved using 150 mg KClO<sub>4</sub>/Zr/Al in this work. The energy-to-mass ratio reaches 14.34 J/g. Compared with the traditional pyrotechnic solid-state laser, the Nd :YAG laser pumped by a dust cloud showed a lower light threshold, higher energy efficiency, higher saturation limit, and better safety. In this work, we presents a novel and feasible solution for the development of compact and safe high-energy lasers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"392 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6642922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s10946-023-10145-7
Nur Zulaikha Mohd Safuan, Ahmad Haziq A. Rosol, NurFarhanah Zulkipli, Moh Yasin, Sulaiman Wadi Harun
Short pulses are showing increasing importance in various industrial and scientific applications. Here, we exploit the saturable absorption of a ternary layered MAX-phase compound of Vanadium Aluminum carbide (V4AlC3) to produce mode-locked pulses in Erbium-doped fiber-laser (EDFL) cavity. The V4AlC3 composite thin film with a modulation depth of 24% is successfully obtained by embedding the commercial V4AlC3 powder into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It is integrated into an EDFL cavity, as a saturable absorber (SA), to generate a highly-stable mode-locked pulse, which operates at the 1559.8 nm wavelength. We successfully obtain the mode-locked pulse train with a fixed repetition rate of 1.8 MHz and a pulse width of 3.66 ps, as the pump power is set within a range from 73.1 to 108.1 mW. At the maximum pump power equal to 108.1 mW, the average output power, pulse energy, and peak power are 10.2 mW, 5.4 nJ, and 1.5 W, respectively. Overall, these results show the potential of V4AlC3 MAX-phase material to be used in ultrafast generation. The proposed approach is straightforward and can also be applied to operate in other wavelength regions.
{"title":"Generation of Picosecond Pulses in Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Via Mode Locking Using V4AlC3 Thin Film","authors":"Nur Zulaikha Mohd Safuan, Ahmad Haziq A. Rosol, NurFarhanah Zulkipli, Moh Yasin, Sulaiman Wadi Harun","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10145-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10145-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Short pulses are showing increasing importance in various industrial and scientific applications. Here, we exploit the saturable absorption of a ternary layered MAX-phase compound of Vanadium Aluminum carbide (V<sub>4</sub>AlC<sub>3</sub>) to produce mode-locked pulses in Erbium-doped fiber-laser (EDFL) cavity. The V<sub>4</sub>AlC<sub>3</sub> composite thin film with a modulation depth of 24% is successfully obtained by embedding the commercial V<sub>4</sub>AlC<sub>3</sub> powder into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It is integrated into an EDFL cavity, as a saturable absorber (SA), to generate a highly-stable mode-locked pulse, which operates at the 1559.8 nm wavelength. We successfully obtain the mode-locked pulse train with a fixed repetition rate of 1.8 MHz and a pulse width of 3.66 ps, as the pump power is set within a range from 73.1 to 108.1 mW. At the maximum pump power equal to 108.1 mW, the average output power, pulse energy, and peak power are 10.2 mW, 5.4 nJ, and 1.5 W, respectively. Overall, these results show the potential of V<sub>4</sub>AlC<sub>3</sub> MAX-phase material to be used in ultrafast generation. The proposed approach is straightforward and can also be applied to operate in other wavelength regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"384 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6642919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s10946-023-10144-8
Nan Cui, Honggang Pan, Ailing Zhang, Zihong Zhao, Zhipan Chen, Bo Zhang, Sihang Lin, Guangxiao Cao
In this paper, we propose a high-sensitivity two-core dual-polarization photonic-crystal-fiber surfaceplasmon-resonance (PCF-SPR) sensor based on Indium Tin oxide (ITO). ITO is a conductor material with adjustable photoelectric properties and low losses in the infrared range, and the two-core structure could better direct the incident light to the metal surface to enhance the coupling. According to numerical simulation results, the maximum wavelength sensitivities are 17,000 nm/RIU and 25,500 nm/RIU in the x-polarization mode and y-polarization mode. The maximum resolution of the x-polarization mode and y-polarization mode of the sensor can reach 5.88·10−6 RIU and 3.92·10−6 RIU, respectively, and the liquid refractive index detection range is 1.32 – 1.39. Taking into account the simple structure and excellent sensing performance, the sensor has wide application prospect and can accurately detect the refractive index of liquids, such as blood plasma, hemoglobin, etc.
{"title":"High-Sensitivity Two-Core Dual-Polarization Photonic-Crystal-Fiber Surface-Plasmon-Resonance Sensor Based on Indium Tin Oxid","authors":"Nan Cui, Honggang Pan, Ailing Zhang, Zihong Zhao, Zhipan Chen, Bo Zhang, Sihang Lin, Guangxiao Cao","doi":"10.1007/s10946-023-10144-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10946-023-10144-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we propose a high-sensitivity two-core dual-polarization photonic-crystal-fiber surfaceplasmon-resonance (PCF-SPR) sensor based on Indium Tin oxide (ITO). ITO is a conductor material with adjustable photoelectric properties and low losses in the infrared range, and the two-core structure could better direct the incident light to the metal surface to enhance the coupling. According to numerical simulation results, the maximum wavelength sensitivities are 17,000 nm/RIU and 25,500 nm/RIU in the <i>x</i>-polarization mode and <i>y</i>-polarization mode. The maximum resolution of the <i>x</i>-polarization mode and <i>y</i>-polarization mode of the sensor can reach 5<i>.</i>88<i>·</i>10<sup>−6</sup> RIU and 3<i>.</i>92<i>·</i>10<sup>−6</sup> RIU, respectively, and the liquid refractive index detection range is 1.32 – 1.39. Taking into account the simple structure and excellent sensing performance, the sensor has wide application prospect and can accurately detect the refractive index of liquids, such as blood plasma, hemoglobin, etc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian Laser Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"375 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6642916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}