Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869422
Khalid Soliman, R. Daoud, H. Amer, Dina Rateb
Fault tolerance is becoming an essential feature in today’s Networked Control Systems (NCSs). The extra cost of redundancy is expected to be compensated by the reduced downtime. Especially in developing countries, large variations in duration of repair can greatly influence downtime. This paper studies the fault-tolerant aspect of an Ethernet-based NCS for pharmaceutical tablet production described in the literature. Markov models are used to calculate the steady state availability. A cost analysis is then conducted to relate availability, cost of downtime, inventory costs and cost of repair strategies. The techniques described in this paper are general and can be applied to different fault-tolerant NCSs.
{"title":"Steady-State Availability and Inventory in Fault-Tolerant NCS for Pharmaceutical Process","authors":"Khalid Soliman, R. Daoud, H. Amer, Dina Rateb","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869422","url":null,"abstract":"Fault tolerance is becoming an essential feature in today’s Networked Control Systems (NCSs). The extra cost of redundancy is expected to be compensated by the reduced downtime. Especially in developing countries, large variations in duration of repair can greatly influence downtime. This paper studies the fault-tolerant aspect of an Ethernet-based NCS for pharmaceutical tablet production described in the literature. Markov models are used to calculate the steady state availability. A cost analysis is then conducted to relate availability, cost of downtime, inventory costs and cost of repair strategies. The techniques described in this paper are general and can be applied to different fault-tolerant NCSs.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"172 1","pages":"1415-1418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74809324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869530
T. Felsch, F. Silze, M. Schnick
In this paper a new control system for robot based additive manufacturing is presented. The paper summarizes the results of an ongoing major joint project being completed by industrial companies and research organizations. The objective is to increase the process stability and the part quality of parts produced by laser metal deposition through controlling the distance between nozzle and part surface. In particular, the system architecture, the control method and the first test results are presented.
{"title":"Process Control for Robot Based Additive Manufacturing","authors":"T. Felsch, F. Silze, M. Schnick","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869530","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new control system for robot based additive manufacturing is presented. The paper summarizes the results of an ongoing major joint project being completed by industrial companies and research organizations. The objective is to increase the process stability and the part quality of parts produced by laser metal deposition through controlling the distance between nozzle and part surface. In particular, the system architecture, the control method and the first test results are presented.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"49 1","pages":"1489-1492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79122358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869335
Kai Yao, A. Ortiz, F. Bonnín-Pascual
Following the success of machine vision systems for on-line automated quality and process control, in this paper we describe an object recognition solution aiming at detecting the presence of quality control elements in surgery toolboxes prepared by the Sterilization Unit of a hospital. Our solution actually consists in a two-stage arbitrarily-oriented object detection method making use of indirect regression of oriented bounding boxes parameters. The paper describes the design process and reports on the results obtained up to date.
{"title":"A DCNN-based Arbitrarily-Oriented Object Detector for a Quality-Control Application","authors":"Kai Yao, A. Ortiz, F. Bonnín-Pascual","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869335","url":null,"abstract":"Following the success of machine vision systems for on-line automated quality and process control, in this paper we describe an object recognition solution aiming at detecting the presence of quality control elements in surgery toolboxes prepared by the Sterilization Unit of a hospital. Our solution actually consists in a two-stage arbitrarily-oriented object detection method making use of indirect regression of oriented bounding boxes parameters. The paper describes the design process and reports on the results obtained up to date.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"41 1","pages":"1507-1510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85288701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8868962
Hannaneh Najdataei, Mukund Subramaniyan, Vincenzo Gulisano, A. Skoogh, M. Papatriantafilou
Cloud computing is revolutionizing the backbone of data analysis applications, including industrial ones. One of its main pillars is the separation of the logic with which data is accessed (e.g., to study the efficiency of a manufacturing system) from the actual hardware (e.g., server) that maintains and analyses the data. Large distributed cyber-physical systems enabled by, among other technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), made nonetheless clear that “what to do” with the data and “where to do it” are not disjoint problems; i.e., cloud computing on its own is not enough. Fog and edge computing have emerged as complementary options, to distribute the analysis, helping with challenges by means of close-to-the-source data analysis.We show for a key problem for industrial processes, that of shifting bottleneck detection, how to take advantage of such multi-tier computing architectures, to perform continuous and configurable analysis of data from Manufacturing Execution Systems. We propose a processing framework, STRATUM, and an algorithm, AMBLE, for continuous, data stream processing. STRATUM seamlessly distributes and parallelizes the processing across the tiers and AMBLE guarantees consistent analysis in spite of timing fluctuations, which are commonly introduced due to e.g. the communication system; it also achieves efficiency through appropriate data structures for in-memory processing. The experimental study on a real-world dataset, taken from a production line over two years and including 8.5 million entries, shows the benefits of the proposed solution in enabling configurable and efficient analysis.
{"title":"Adaptive Stream-based Shifting Bottleneck Detection in IoT-based Computing Architectures","authors":"Hannaneh Najdataei, Mukund Subramaniyan, Vincenzo Gulisano, A. Skoogh, M. Papatriantafilou","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8868962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8868962","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing is revolutionizing the backbone of data analysis applications, including industrial ones. One of its main pillars is the separation of the logic with which data is accessed (e.g., to study the efficiency of a manufacturing system) from the actual hardware (e.g., server) that maintains and analyses the data. Large distributed cyber-physical systems enabled by, among other technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), made nonetheless clear that “what to do” with the data and “where to do it” are not disjoint problems; i.e., cloud computing on its own is not enough. Fog and edge computing have emerged as complementary options, to distribute the analysis, helping with challenges by means of close-to-the-source data analysis.We show for a key problem for industrial processes, that of shifting bottleneck detection, how to take advantage of such multi-tier computing architectures, to perform continuous and configurable analysis of data from Manufacturing Execution Systems. We propose a processing framework, STRATUM, and an algorithm, AMBLE, for continuous, data stream processing. STRATUM seamlessly distributes and parallelizes the processing across the tiers and AMBLE guarantees consistent analysis in spite of timing fluctuations, which are commonly introduced due to e.g. the communication system; it also achieves efficiency through appropriate data structures for in-memory processing. The experimental study on a real-world dataset, taken from a production line over two years and including 8.5 million entries, shows the benefits of the proposed solution in enabling configurable and efficient analysis.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"993-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83696864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8868952
Eduardo García-Martínez, Javier Ballestín, Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado, J. F. Sanz
The integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into the Smartgrid requires test techniques to ensure the reliability and security of the electric infrastructure. These test techniques have to be flexible enough to allow the needed diversity requirements of Smartgrids. Nowadays, Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) is one of the best test techniques which offers an excellent trade-off between test fidelity and test coverage. PHIL systems are built up with a Digital Real-Time Simulator (DRTS) and a Power Amplifier (PA) to perform the test. However, they are not so widespread due to their high cost and the uncertainty to fulfil test hardware requirements in advance. This paper tackles this issue and describes a real case laboratory study to acquire a PA in order to perform particular Smartgrid tests in its facilities. Three different PHIL tests of Smartgrid systems are detailed, discussing the use of a switched and a linear PA to evaluate the stability and performance of each one. The results are analyzed in order to obtain the best PA according to the laboratory requirements.
{"title":"Analysis of a switched and linear power amplifier for Power Hardware-in-the-Loop testing of Smartgrid systems","authors":"Eduardo García-Martínez, Javier Ballestín, Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado, J. F. Sanz","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8868952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8868952","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into the Smartgrid requires test techniques to ensure the reliability and security of the electric infrastructure. These test techniques have to be flexible enough to allow the needed diversity requirements of Smartgrids. Nowadays, Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) is one of the best test techniques which offers an excellent trade-off between test fidelity and test coverage. PHIL systems are built up with a Digital Real-Time Simulator (DRTS) and a Power Amplifier (PA) to perform the test. However, they are not so widespread due to their high cost and the uncertainty to fulfil test hardware requirements in advance. This paper tackles this issue and describes a real case laboratory study to acquire a PA in order to perform particular Smartgrid tests in its facilities. Three different PHIL tests of Smartgrid systems are detailed, discussing the use of a switched and a linear PA to evaluate the stability and performance of each one. The results are analyzed in order to obtain the best PA according to the laboratory requirements.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"54 76 1","pages":"747-753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80597580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869187
A. Cenedese, Michele Frodella, F. Tramarin, S. Vitturi
With the rise of Industry 4.0 and of the Industrial Internet, the computing and communication infrastructures achieved an essential role within process and factory automation, and cyberphysical systems in general. In this scenario, the OPC UA standard is currently becoming a widespread opportunity to enable interoperability among heterogeneous industrial systems. Nonetheless, OPC UA is characterized by a complex protocol architecture, that may impair the scalability of applications and may represent a bottleneck for its effective implementation in resource–constrained devices, such as low–cost industrial embedded systems. Several different OPC UA implementations are available, which in some significant cases are released under an open source license. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the performance provided by some of these different OPC UA implementations, focusing specifically on potential development and resource bottlenecks. The analysis is carried out through an extensive experimental campaign explicitly targeting general purpose low–cost embedded systems. The final goal is to provide a comprehensive performance comparisons to allow devising some useful practical guidelines.
{"title":"Comparative assessment of different OPC UA open–source stacks for embedded systems","authors":"A. Cenedese, Michele Frodella, F. Tramarin, S. Vitturi","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869187","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of Industry 4.0 and of the Industrial Internet, the computing and communication infrastructures achieved an essential role within process and factory automation, and cyberphysical systems in general. In this scenario, the OPC UA standard is currently becoming a widespread opportunity to enable interoperability among heterogeneous industrial systems. Nonetheless, OPC UA is characterized by a complex protocol architecture, that may impair the scalability of applications and may represent a bottleneck for its effective implementation in resource–constrained devices, such as low–cost industrial embedded systems. Several different OPC UA implementations are available, which in some significant cases are released under an open source license. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the performance provided by some of these different OPC UA implementations, focusing specifically on potential development and resource bottlenecks. The analysis is carried out through an extensive experimental campaign explicitly targeting general purpose low–cost embedded systems. The final goal is to provide a comprehensive performance comparisons to allow devising some useful practical guidelines.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"24 1","pages":"1127-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82973493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/etfa.2019.8869468
{"title":"ETFA 2019 Technical Program Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/etfa.2019.8869468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76349136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869537
Miguel García-Gordillo, J. Valls, S. Sáez
Monitoring the execution of real-time systems has many advantages, it is not only useful to understand the behaviour of an application but also to find unfulfilled timing constraints in an implementation. However, real-time operating systems usually do not include the tracing tools to observe the behaviour during the execution. This paper presents the art2kitekt runtime monitoring tool, used to measure and to visualise the temporal characteristics of a real-time application. To demonstrate the functionality of the tool, the behaviour of an RTEMS-based application running over a Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ is observed.
{"title":"Heterogeneous Runtime Monitoring for Real-Time Systems with art2kitekt","authors":"Miguel García-Gordillo, J. Valls, S. Sáez","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869537","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the execution of real-time systems has many advantages, it is not only useful to understand the behaviour of an application but also to find unfulfilled timing constraints in an implementation. However, real-time operating systems usually do not include the tracing tools to observe the behaviour during the execution. This paper presents the art2kitekt runtime monitoring tool, used to measure and to visualise the temporal characteristics of a real-time application. To demonstrate the functionality of the tool, the behaviour of an RTEMS-based application running over a Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ is observed.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"67 1","pages":"266-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81583501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869111
M. Goubej, Václav Helma
The paper deals with the problem of anti-sway control in human-operated gantry cranes. The goal is to design a suitable algorithm aiming at minimization of unwanted transient and residual oscillations of the manipulated load. A finite horizon optimization is adopted for the derivation of an optimal open-loop control strategy. The novelty of the proposed approach comes from the combination of model-based predictive control and zero-vibration input shaping methods. This allows utilizing some key advantages from both fields in terms of performance, robustness, constraints definition and simplicity of implementation. Experimental case study demonstrates the proposed approach and compares it to conventional input-shaping method.
{"title":"Vibration damping in gantry crane systems: Finite horizon optimal control approach","authors":"M. Goubej, Václav Helma","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869111","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the problem of anti-sway control in human-operated gantry cranes. The goal is to design a suitable algorithm aiming at minimization of unwanted transient and residual oscillations of the manipulated load. A finite horizon optimization is adopted for the derivation of an optimal open-loop control strategy. The novelty of the proposed approach comes from the combination of model-based predictive control and zero-vibration input shaping methods. This allows utilizing some key advantages from both fields in terms of performance, robustness, constraints definition and simplicity of implementation. Experimental case study demonstrates the proposed approach and compares it to conventional input-shaping method.","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"27 1","pages":"877-882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82916920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/etfa.2019.8869218
{"title":"Real-time and networked embedded systems [breaker page]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/etfa.2019.8869218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2019.8869218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6682,"journal":{"name":"2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90778303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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