Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055818
Weisong Fan, Haoyu Wang, P. Zhou
To solve the difficulty of fire compartmentation in large exhibition halls with large areas, the method of setting a fire isolation belt with a certain width in the buildings was proposed. The location and width of the fire isolation belt were analyzed and calculated by the point-source model and the numerical simulation method with an engineering case as an example. Results showed that the 8.5 m-wide fire isolation belt could effectively prevent the spread of fire. Its reliability was further analyzed and demonstrated by FDS simulation. Finally, the design of a fire isolation belt was proved to be feasible.
{"title":"Application of the Fire Isolation Belt in Large Museum Exhibition Hall","authors":"Weisong Fan, Haoyu Wang, P. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055818","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the difficulty of fire compartmentation in large exhibition halls with large areas, the method of setting a fire isolation belt with a certain width in the buildings was proposed. The location and width of the fire isolation belt were analyzed and calculated by the point-source model and the numerical simulation method with an engineering case as an example. Results showed that the 8.5 m-wide fire isolation belt could effectively prevent the spread of fire. Its reliability was further analyzed and demonstrated by FDS simulation. Finally, the design of a fire isolation belt was proved to be feasible.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"251 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91460732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055847
Songtao Zhou, Wenhao Huangfu, Fei You, Dan Li, Dan-dan Fan
Sol-gel method was used by taking tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor, ethanol (C2H5OH) as solvent and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalyst, 1-γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH570) as a coupling agent for preparations of SiO2, KH570 and 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO, flame retardant) sols to improve flame retardancy and thermal stability of cotton fabrics. Dipping-baking process was used for finishing cotton fabrics. Surface morphology, surface functional group and element distribution, intrinsic crystal structure, pyrolysis characteristics and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Results show that DOPO and SiO2sol have good synergistic flame retardant effect. Cotton fabric finished by hybrid sol of SiO2-KH570-DOPO has the best flame retardant effect, its LOI is 22.8 %, ΔLOI/Δm is 4.20 %/g. DOPO-contained hybrid sol can promote formation of three-dimensional microscopic gel coating and residual char in condensed phase.
{"title":"Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Cotton Fabric Finished by Phosphorus Containing SiO2 Hybrid Sol","authors":"Songtao Zhou, Wenhao Huangfu, Fei You, Dan Li, Dan-dan Fan","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055847","url":null,"abstract":"Sol-gel method was used by taking tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor, ethanol (C2H5OH) as solvent and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalyst, 1-γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH570) as a coupling agent for preparations of SiO2, KH570 and 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO, flame retardant) sols to improve flame retardancy and thermal stability of cotton fabrics. Dipping-baking process was used for finishing cotton fabrics. Surface morphology, surface functional group and element distribution, intrinsic crystal structure, pyrolysis characteristics and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Results show that DOPO and SiO2sol have good synergistic flame retardant effect. Cotton fabric finished by hybrid sol of SiO2-KH570-DOPO has the best flame retardant effect, its LOI is 22.8 %, ΔLOI/Δm is 4.20 %/g. DOPO-contained hybrid sol can promote formation of three-dimensional microscopic gel coating and residual char in condensed phase.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85567872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055876
Yanfei Wang, Fudong Zhang, Xu Liu
Forest fires cause serious losses to people's life and property safety, and seriously damage the ecological balance. Therefore, it is necessary to study the functional system and strategies of forest firefighting. In this paper, the characteristics of forest fire fighting are analyzed. It is found that forest fire has the characteristics of many combustibles, large area of fire, fast the spread of the speed and high intensity of fire. It takes a long time to put out forest fire. In the forest fire fighting, it also has the characteristics of high risk and uncertain risk factors, which affect fire fighting safety. Aiming at these difficulties and risk factors in forest fire fighting, this paper discusses and studies the fire fighting function system, and puts forward the function system of forest fire fighting and rescue based on cognition, command, control and support function modules, referred to as CCCS function system, in order to improve the efficiency of forest fire fighting. Based on this system, some fire extinguishing strategies are put forward, hoping to provide some reference for forest fire extinguishing and rescue.
{"title":"Research on Functional System and Strategies of Forest Firefighting","authors":"Yanfei Wang, Fudong Zhang, Xu Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055876","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires cause serious losses to people's life and property safety, and seriously damage the ecological balance. Therefore, it is necessary to study the functional system and strategies of forest firefighting. In this paper, the characteristics of forest fire fighting are analyzed. It is found that forest fire has the characteristics of many combustibles, large area of fire, fast the spread of the speed and high intensity of fire. It takes a long time to put out forest fire. In the forest fire fighting, it also has the characteristics of high risk and uncertain risk factors, which affect fire fighting safety. Aiming at these difficulties and risk factors in forest fire fighting, this paper discusses and studies the fire fighting function system, and puts forward the function system of forest fire fighting and rescue based on cognition, command, control and support function modules, referred to as CCCS function system, in order to improve the efficiency of forest fire fighting. Based on this system, some fire extinguishing strategies are put forward, hoping to provide some reference for forest fire extinguishing and rescue.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91157056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the frequent fire accidents of public transport vehicles have resulted in the scrapping of vehicles, catastrophic property losses and casualties, which had drawn widespread concern of people and society for public safety. The passenger cabin space of bus is relatively small. Once a fire occurred, high temperature, thermal radiation and smoke generated by combustion will cause great difficulties for personnel evacuation. Aiming at the requirements of Chinese GA1264-2015, this paper carried out full-scale fire-extinguishing experiments in the bus cabin. The parameters of temperature distribution, smoke concentration and fire-fighting time in the passenger cabin of the bus are analyzed, so as to verify the fire-fighting performance of the self-developed water-based fire extinguishing agent and the fixed fire-extinguishing system in the passenger cabin. The system can put out fire quickly and efficiently. Moreover, it can effectively reduce temperature and concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the cabin after the fire. It could obviously improve the fire protection capacity.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Fire Extinguishing Effect of Water-based Fixed Fire Extinguishing System in full-Scale Bus Cabin","authors":"Yanying Cheng, Chunjie Mou, Ke Chen, Hui Bai, Yu Liu, Yu-chun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055834","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the frequent fire accidents of public transport vehicles have resulted in the scrapping of vehicles, catastrophic property losses and casualties, which had drawn widespread concern of people and society for public safety. The passenger cabin space of bus is relatively small. Once a fire occurred, high temperature, thermal radiation and smoke generated by combustion will cause great difficulties for personnel evacuation. Aiming at the requirements of Chinese GA1264-2015, this paper carried out full-scale fire-extinguishing experiments in the bus cabin. The parameters of temperature distribution, smoke concentration and fire-fighting time in the passenger cabin of the bus are analyzed, so as to verify the fire-fighting performance of the self-developed water-based fire extinguishing agent and the fixed fire-extinguishing system in the passenger cabin. The system can put out fire quickly and efficiently. Moreover, it can effectively reduce temperature and concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the cabin after the fire. It could obviously improve the fire protection capacity.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91202047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055866
Zonglin Fu, Fei You, Jun-hua Han, Songtao Zhou, Kai Shui
By using the self-designed mesoscale (0.60 m × 0.25 m × 0.25 m) smoldering experimental platform, smoldering simulation tests of melamine foam (MAF) and flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) embedded inside the chamber at different volume ratios (0.0 %-100.0 %) were carried out. Results show that as volume of MAF increases, critical smoldering temperature (CST) first increases to a maximum value of 347.6 °C at 20.0 vol% (MAF) and then decreases, showing.an average value of around 330.0 °C. Heating rate (SHR) of raw materials and char residue keeps decreasing to below 0.2°C/s when MAF volume exceeds 60.0 vol%. Smoldering propagation rate (SPR) first increases to maximum value of 5.6×10–3 cm/s at 20.0 vol% (MAF) and then decreases. As MAF volume upgrades, high temperature maintenance time (HTMT) at different positions gradually decreases with the smoldering wave propagation (B2>C2>D2>E2).
利用自行设计的中尺度(0.60 m × 0.25 m × 0.25 m)阴燃实验平台，对三聚氰胺泡沫(MAF)和柔性聚氨酯泡沫(FPUF)在不同体积比(0.0% ~ 100.0%)下埋入腔内进行了阴燃模拟试验。结果表明:随着MAF体积的增大，临界阴燃温度(CST)在20.0 vol% (MAF)时先升高到最大值347.6℃，然后下降，如图所示。平均值约为330.0°C。当MAF体积超过60.0 vol%时，原料和炭渣的升温速率(SHR)持续降低至0.2°C/s以下。在20.0 vol% (MAF)时，阴燃传播速率(SPR)先增大到最大值5.6×10-3 cm/s，然后减小。随着MAF体积的升级，不同位置的高温维持时间(HTMT)随着阴燃波的传播逐渐减小(B2>C2>D2>E2)。
{"title":"Smoldering Initiation and Propagation Characteristics of Mixed Melamine Foam and Flexible Polyurethane Foam","authors":"Zonglin Fu, Fei You, Jun-hua Han, Songtao Zhou, Kai Shui","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055866","url":null,"abstract":"By using the self-designed mesoscale (0.60 m × 0.25 m × 0.25 m) smoldering experimental platform, smoldering simulation tests of melamine foam (MAF) and flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) embedded inside the chamber at different volume ratios (0.0 %-100.0 %) were carried out. Results show that as volume of MAF increases, critical smoldering temperature (CST) first increases to a maximum value of 347.6 °C at 20.0 vol% (MAF) and then decreases, showing.an average value of around 330.0 °C. Heating rate (SHR) of raw materials and char residue keeps decreasing to below 0.2°C/s when MAF volume exceeds 60.0 vol%. Smoldering propagation rate (SPR) first increases to maximum value of 5.6×10–3 cm/s at 20.0 vol% (MAF) and then decreases. As MAF volume upgrades, high temperature maintenance time (HTMT) at different positions gradually decreases with the smoldering wave propagation (B2>C2>D2>E2).","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"138 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85891715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055765
Ziyi Jiang, Wei Li, Xiumei Liu, Beibei Li, Lili Liu
Aqueous film-forming foam is used widely as a means of fire extinguishing, especially for both chemical process industry and oil industry fires. The corresponding low-expansion foam generator always uses negative pressure generated by a high-velocity jet to draw in air to create a low-expansion foam. Considering the interactions between factors, an orthogonal test was established to characterize their performance. This conclusion was verified using the method recommended in GB15308-2006, the standard issued by the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. It was found that the nozzle convergence angle and the ratio of the nozzle position to the throat pipe diameter of the generator were the predominant factors. The optimal foam generator configuration had a nozzle position of 1.2 times the diameter of the throat pipe, a nozzle convergence angle of 11º and throat pipe length of 7.5 times the diameter of the throat pipe. This study contributes to the optimization of a low-expansion foam generator.
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Effects of a Low-expansion Foam Generator Structure on the Foaming Quality","authors":"Ziyi Jiang, Wei Li, Xiumei Liu, Beibei Li, Lili Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055765","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous film-forming foam is used widely as a means of fire extinguishing, especially for both chemical process industry and oil industry fires. The corresponding low-expansion foam generator always uses negative pressure generated by a high-velocity jet to draw in air to create a low-expansion foam. Considering the interactions between factors, an orthogonal test was established to characterize their performance. This conclusion was verified using the method recommended in GB15308-2006, the standard issued by the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. It was found that the nozzle convergence angle and the ratio of the nozzle position to the throat pipe diameter of the generator were the predominant factors. The optimal foam generator configuration had a nozzle position of 1.2 times the diameter of the throat pipe, a nozzle convergence angle of 11º and throat pipe length of 7.5 times the diameter of the throat pipe. This study contributes to the optimization of a low-expansion foam generator.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86032039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055792
Ye Chen, Pengfei Wang, Xuanya Liu
The fire suppression effectiveness of water mist for different development stages of fire is obviously different. In order to study the suppression effectiveness of water mist on the post-flashover compartment fire, the interaction process of water mist and post-flashover fire was simulated by using FDS, the effect of water mist characteristics on fire suppression was analyzed, and the suppression mechanism of water mist for the post-flashover fire was proposed. The results show that the post-flashover compartment fire can be effectively suppressed when the minimum spray intensity of high pressure water mist system specified in GB 50898 standard increases to 2.22 L/min.m2; The suppression effectiveness of medium pressure water mist on post-flashover compartment fire is inferior to that of high pressure water mist; cooling effect on the flame and oxygen displacement are the primary suppression mechanisms of water mist for post-flashover compartment fire.
{"title":"Numerical Study on Suppression of Post-flashover Compartment Fire by Using Water Mist","authors":"Ye Chen, Pengfei Wang, Xuanya Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055792","url":null,"abstract":"The fire suppression effectiveness of water mist for different development stages of fire is obviously different. In order to study the suppression effectiveness of water mist on the post-flashover compartment fire, the interaction process of water mist and post-flashover fire was simulated by using FDS, the effect of water mist characteristics on fire suppression was analyzed, and the suppression mechanism of water mist for the post-flashover fire was proposed. The results show that the post-flashover compartment fire can be effectively suppressed when the minimum spray intensity of high pressure water mist system specified in GB 50898 standard increases to 2.22 L/min.m2; The suppression effectiveness of medium pressure water mist on post-flashover compartment fire is inferior to that of high pressure water mist; cooling effect on the flame and oxygen displacement are the primary suppression mechanisms of water mist for post-flashover compartment fire.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88525249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055795
Ke Chen, Yanying Cheng, Hui Bai, Chunjie Mou, Yu-chun Zhang
In order to detect and alarm early fire timely and effectively, traditional temperature and smoke fire detectors are vulnerable to environmental factors such as the height of monitoring space, air velocity, dust. An image fire detection algorithm based on support vector machine is proposed by studying the features of fire in digital image. Firstly, the motion region is extracted by the inter-frame difference method and regarded as the Suspected fire area. Then, the uniform size is sampled again. Finally, the flame color moment feature and texture feature are extracted and input into the support vector machine for classification and recognition. Data sets were formed by collecting Internet resources and fire videos taken by oneself and the trained support vector machine was tested. The test results showed that the algorithm can detect early fire more accurately.
{"title":"Research on Image Fire Detection Based on Support Vector Machine","authors":"Ke Chen, Yanying Cheng, Hui Bai, Chunjie Mou, Yu-chun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055795","url":null,"abstract":"In order to detect and alarm early fire timely and effectively, traditional temperature and smoke fire detectors are vulnerable to environmental factors such as the height of monitoring space, air velocity, dust. An image fire detection algorithm based on support vector machine is proposed by studying the features of fire in digital image. Firstly, the motion region is extracted by the inter-frame difference method and regarded as the Suspected fire area. Then, the uniform size is sampled again. Finally, the flame color moment feature and texture feature are extracted and input into the support vector machine for classification and recognition. Data sets were formed by collecting Internet resources and fire videos taken by oneself and the trained support vector machine was tested. The test results showed that the algorithm can detect early fire more accurately.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82418770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055840
Xiankun Wang, Yanqiu Chen
U-shaped facade structure exists in a lot of high-rise buildings. A numerical simulation study on vertical fire spread in u-shaped structure was carried out. Influence of area and the width-depth ratio of the u-shaped structure on the fire spread was analyzed through fire spreading speed, stack effect and heat release rate. It was found that the fire spreading speed and stack effect in the u-shaped structure decreased as $A^{ast}$ increased. When $A^{ast}$ is larger than 0.0069, the influence of $A^{ast}$ on the fire spreading speed and stack effect become very small. The maximum HRR was positively related with $A^{ast}$ except for the case when $A^{ast}$ is very small. As $K$ increased, the fire spreading speed and the maximum HRR first sharply decreased and then slowly decreased except for the case when K = 1. The relationship between stack effect and $K$ was very similar with the relationship between stack effect and $A^{ast}$, but in an opposite direction. When $K$ is larger than 2.25, the fire spreading speed, the stack effect and the maximum HRR did not change obviously with K.
{"title":"Fire Spread in U-shaped Facade Structures in High-rise Buildings","authors":"Xiankun Wang, Yanqiu Chen","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055840","url":null,"abstract":"U-shaped facade structure exists in a lot of high-rise buildings. A numerical simulation study on vertical fire spread in u-shaped structure was carried out. Influence of area and the width-depth ratio of the u-shaped structure on the fire spread was analyzed through fire spreading speed, stack effect and heat release rate. It was found that the fire spreading speed and stack effect in the u-shaped structure decreased as $A^{ast}$ increased. When $A^{ast}$ is larger than 0.0069, the influence of $A^{ast}$ on the fire spreading speed and stack effect become very small. The maximum HRR was positively related with $A^{ast}$ except for the case when $A^{ast}$ is very small. As $K$ increased, the fire spreading speed and the maximum HRR first sharply decreased and then slowly decreased except for the case when K = 1. The relationship between stack effect and $K$ was very similar with the relationship between stack effect and $A^{ast}$, but in an opposite direction. When $K$ is larger than 2.25, the fire spreading speed, the stack effect and the maximum HRR did not change obviously with K.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83567930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055839
Haoran Xing, Song Lu, N. Tao, Rulin Liu
New clean agent fire suppressant, Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone, also known as FK5112 or Novec 1230 has excellent environmental behavior and high efficiency, and has been considered as one of the most promising halon replacement extinguishing agents. However, its high boiling point and poor dispersibility has largely restricted further application. To address the issue, our present work proposes the novel method by introducing inert gas mixed with FK5112 to improve the agent dispersibility. The evaporation mechanism of FK5112 during the mixing has been demonstrated in detail, and the droplets evaporation time of FK5112 affected by the diameter, the partial pressure of vapor, and the diffusion coefficient of different inert gas is estimated. Our results show that the droplets size of FK5112 have significant effect on evaporation, as it takes only 0.076s for a 5µm droplet to completely evaporate in N2 even if the partial pressure is high(a=80%). After FK5112 has evaporated in the inert gas, dispersion properties of the binary agent have been calculated and discussed thoroughly. The precise equation to estimate the vapor pressure of FK5112 is selected and the relation with the boiling point, mixing ratio, and pressure of the binary agent is revealed. For the 20% mixing ratio of FK5112, the boiling point of the mixture can reach 8.49°C and for the 10% mixing ratio, the boiling temperature is -5.85°C, which shows mixing with inert gas could notably improve its dispersibility. Additionally, mixing ratio and droplets size of FK5112 have shown a great impact.
{"title":"Study on Dispersion Characteristics of FK5112 Mixed with Inert Gas","authors":"Haoran Xing, Song Lu, N. Tao, Rulin Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055839","url":null,"abstract":"New clean agent fire suppressant, Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone, also known as FK5112 or Novec 1230 has excellent environmental behavior and high efficiency, and has been considered as one of the most promising halon replacement extinguishing agents. However, its high boiling point and poor dispersibility has largely restricted further application. To address the issue, our present work proposes the novel method by introducing inert gas mixed with FK5112 to improve the agent dispersibility. The evaporation mechanism of FK5112 during the mixing has been demonstrated in detail, and the droplets evaporation time of FK5112 affected by the diameter, the partial pressure of vapor, and the diffusion coefficient of different inert gas is estimated. Our results show that the droplets size of FK5112 have significant effect on evaporation, as it takes only 0.076s for a 5µm droplet to completely evaporate in N2 even if the partial pressure is high(a=80%). After FK5112 has evaporated in the inert gas, dispersion properties of the binary agent have been calculated and discussed thoroughly. The precise equation to estimate the vapor pressure of FK5112 is selected and the relation with the boiling point, mixing ratio, and pressure of the binary agent is revealed. For the 20% mixing ratio of FK5112, the boiling point of the mixture can reach 8.49°C and for the 10% mixing ratio, the boiling temperature is -5.85°C, which shows mixing with inert gas could notably improve its dispersibility. Additionally, mixing ratio and droplets size of FK5112 have shown a great impact.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90830029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：