The hydrogen tank of a hydrogen vehicle is equipped with a thermally activated pressure-relief device, which releases hydrogen gas to prevent explosion above a certain temperature, thus avoiding jet flames. This study analyzed the risk of sudden jet-flame generation during response activities following hydrogen-vehicle accidents through numerical analysis. During the jet flame, heat fluxes of over 9.5 kW/m2, which can cause second-degree burns to the driver’s seat and approximately 5 m behind the vehicle, were observed, and a zone of over 37.5 kW/m2, which can cause catastrophic damage, was formed at the immediate area, including the lower part of the vehicle. At a distance of 0.5 m from the driver’s seat, a high heat flux of approximately 80 kW/m2, which is similar to the test standard for the thermal-protection performance of fire-fighting clothing, was formed. Further analysis indicated that both rescue victims and first responders are at risk if jet flames are generated during rescue activities. The results of this analysis can be used to develop a safe accident-response strategy for hydrogen vehicles.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of the Initial Response to Hydrogen-vehicle Jet-flame Accidents","authors":"Byoungjik Park, Yangkyun Kim, Ohk Kun Lim","doi":"10.7731/kifse.eca79ad9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.eca79ad9","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrogen tank of a hydrogen vehicle is equipped with a thermally activated pressure-relief device, which releases hydrogen gas to prevent explosion above a certain temperature, thus avoiding jet flames. This study analyzed the risk of sudden jet-flame generation during response activities following hydrogen-vehicle accidents through numerical analysis. During the jet flame, heat fluxes of over 9.5 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, which can cause second-degree burns to the driver’s seat and approximately 5 m behind the vehicle, were observed, and a zone of over 37.5 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, which can cause catastrophic damage, was formed at the immediate area, including the lower part of the vehicle. At a distance of 0.5 m from the driver’s seat, a high heat flux of approximately 80 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, which is similar to the test standard for the thermal-protection performance of fire-fighting clothing, was formed. Further analysis indicated that both rescue victims and first responders are at risk if jet flames are generated during rescue activities. The results of this analysis can be used to develop a safe accident-response strategy for hydrogen vehicles.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"191 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fire officers work in a high-risk environment and are exposed to repetitive stressful situations. In this study, an intervention using a meditation-based healing program was applied to examine the effects on stress level, stress vulnerability, and sleep quality. The results showed significant changes in stress level, and its sub-factors, that is, somatization, depression, and failure of self-regulation after the intervention program, but not in stress perception and anxiety. In contrast, significant changes were observed in stress vulnerability but not in its sub-factors: emotion suppression, neuroticism, and perfectionism. Significant changes were observed in sleep quality as well. In conclusion, the meditation -based healing program was effective in reducing stress levels, improving stress vulnerability, and improving sleep quality. Thus, this study suggests that mind subtraction meditation can be used to improve the mental health of fire officers.
{"title":"Effects of a Meditation-Based Healing Program on Stress Level, Stress Vulnerability, and Sleep Quality of Fire Officers","authors":"Mihan Kim, Hyeyoung Kim, Insoo Lee","doi":"10.7731/kifse.18bb295a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.18bb295a","url":null,"abstract":"Fire officers work in a high-risk environment and are exposed to repetitive stressful situations. In this study, an intervention using a meditation-based healing program was applied to examine the effects on stress level, stress vulnerability, and sleep quality. The results showed significant changes in stress level, and its sub-factors, that is, somatization, depression, and failure of self-regulation after the intervention program, but not in stress perception and anxiety. In contrast, significant changes were observed in stress vulnerability but not in its sub-factors: emotion suppression, neuroticism, and perfectionism. Significant changes were observed in sleep quality as well. In conclusion, the meditation -based healing program was effective in reducing stress levels, improving stress vulnerability, and improving sleep quality. Thus, this study suggests that mind subtraction meditation can be used to improve the mental health of fire officers.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"112 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AFTERWORD:","authors":"S. O’Rourke, Lesli K. Pace","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73449770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83568538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selected Bibliography","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80931707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82627445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INTRODUCTION:","authors":"S. O’Rourke, Lesli K. Pace","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10tq3bj.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78832070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NOTHING NEW FOR EASTER:","authors":"Stephen R. Schneider","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvrzgvt1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvrzgvt1.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89587634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"READING BODIES, READING BOOKS:","authors":"S. O’Rourke","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvrzgvt1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvrzgvt1.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80671566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055877
Jun Deng, Weichao Geng, Gaowen Liu, Furu Kang, Jiajia Song
In order to study the influence of environmental wind on natural smoke exhaust characteristics, a railway passenger station is selected to study the smoke exhaust effect under windowing modes M1 which to open the windward side window and M2 which to open the leeward side window with the wind speeds of 0 m/s, 3.4 m/s and 10 m/s by FDS software. The laws of smoke movement, temperature field changes and the impact on personnel safety evacuation are compared and analyzed in the station with different working conditions. The results show that when the wind speed is 0 m/s, both windowing modes M1 and M2 can effectively discharge the smoke out of the station. When the wind speed is 3.4 m/s, the windowing mode M1 exhaust time is delayed, the environment wind suppresses the natural smoke exhaust while the windowing mode M2 exhaust time is advanced, and the environment wind promotes the natural smoke exhaust. When the wind speed is 10 m/s strong wind, both of the windowing modes M1 and M2 natural smoke exhaust are invalid. The smoke layer height drops below 2 m from the ground after 600 s, and the visibility decreases to less than 10 m after 800 s, which seriously affects the personnel safety evacuation. Therefore, for the station, the windward exhaust window should be closed and the leeward exhaust window should be opened according to the wind direction to exhaust smoke in case of fire. For strong winds, due to the failure of natural smoke exhaust in both windowing modes M1 and M2, other measures should be taken to exhaust smoke.
{"title":"Study on Natural Smoke Exhaust Characteristics of Railway Passenger Station under the Influence of Environmental Wind","authors":"Jun Deng, Weichao Geng, Gaowen Liu, Furu Kang, Jiajia Song","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055877","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the influence of environmental wind on natural smoke exhaust characteristics, a railway passenger station is selected to study the smoke exhaust effect under windowing modes M1 which to open the windward side window and M2 which to open the leeward side window with the wind speeds of 0 m/s, 3.4 m/s and 10 m/s by FDS software. The laws of smoke movement, temperature field changes and the impact on personnel safety evacuation are compared and analyzed in the station with different working conditions. The results show that when the wind speed is 0 m/s, both windowing modes M1 and M2 can effectively discharge the smoke out of the station. When the wind speed is 3.4 m/s, the windowing mode M1 exhaust time is delayed, the environment wind suppresses the natural smoke exhaust while the windowing mode M2 exhaust time is advanced, and the environment wind promotes the natural smoke exhaust. When the wind speed is 10 m/s strong wind, both of the windowing modes M1 and M2 natural smoke exhaust are invalid. The smoke layer height drops below 2 m from the ground after 600 s, and the visibility decreases to less than 10 m after 800 s, which seriously affects the personnel safety evacuation. Therefore, for the station, the windward exhaust window should be closed and the leeward exhaust window should be opened according to the wind direction to exhaust smoke in case of fire. For strong winds, due to the failure of natural smoke exhaust in both windowing modes M1 and M2, other measures should be taken to exhaust smoke.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75359325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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