E. Bolas, N. Carvalho, J. Vieira, Paulo M. T. de Oliveira
Similarly to other domains, maritime community requests for broadband services have been significantly increasing. Worldwide navigation footprint and the lack of practical alternatives to Satellite Communications (SATCOM) empower VHF band as the natural choice to support most of those demands. Nevertheless, the major challenge for an implementation of maritime broadband VHF services is unquestionably the spectrum availability and management. Eventually, the solution must include spectrum sharing, using a Cognitive Radio (CR) based approach, but unfortunately current regulatory framework and spectrum management regime are not appropriate for such concepts and emerging technologies. To overcome such constraints, it is necessary to address a whole field of regulatory and standardization issues in order to prepare an evolution towards a more flexible and dynamic approach to spectrum management and a transition that would ensure incumbents live operations and legacy systems. The required paradigm change encompasses a new policy definition, an enforcement mechanism implementation and a comprehensive transition plan. The presented analysis pretends to address the regulatory feasibility of a framework change, discusses its evolving process and points some challenges related with practical aspects associated to Quality of Service (QoS) enforcement metrics definition, centering the arguments in maritime VHF band.
{"title":"Opportunistic Usage of Maritime VHF Band—Deployment Challenges for a New Regulatory Framework","authors":"E. Bolas, N. Carvalho, J. Vieira, Paulo M. T. de Oliveira","doi":"10.4236/WET.2014.51001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2014.51001","url":null,"abstract":"Similarly to other domains, maritime community requests for broadband services have been significantly increasing. Worldwide navigation footprint and the lack of practical alternatives to Satellite Communications (SATCOM) empower VHF band as the natural choice to support most of those demands. Nevertheless, the major challenge for an implementation of maritime broadband VHF services is unquestionably the spectrum availability and management. Eventually, the solution must include spectrum sharing, using a Cognitive Radio (CR) based approach, but unfortunately current regulatory framework and spectrum management regime are not appropriate for such concepts and emerging technologies. To overcome such constraints, it is necessary to address a whole field of regulatory and standardization issues in order to prepare an evolution towards a more flexible and dynamic approach to spectrum management and a transition that would ensure incumbents live operations and legacy systems. The required paradigm change encompasses a new policy definition, an enforcement mechanism implementation and a comprehensive transition plan. The presented analysis pretends to address the regulatory feasibility of a framework change, discusses its evolving process and points some challenges related with practical aspects associated to Quality of Service (QoS) enforcement metrics definition, centering the arguments in maritime VHF band.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. L. Van, Hieu Dinh Chi, Kinh Nguyen Viet, Hieu Nguyen Thanh
When implementing an appropriate windowing, the interference from a Cognitive Radio (CR) system to licensed systems (primary users) will be significantly reduced. Consequently, power allocated to subcarriers can be increased, especially subcarriers having far spectral distance to primary user bands can be allocated full of its maximum possible power. In this paper, we propose a new class of sub-optimal subcarrier power allocation algorithm that significantly reduces complexity of OFDMA-based CR systems. Two sub-optimal proposals, called Pre-set Filling Range (PFR) and Maximum Filling Range (MFR) are studied. Investigations show that this new power allocating algorithm allows CR systems obtain high throughput while retaining low complexity.
{"title":"Full-Filling Subcarrier Power Allocation in OFDMA-Based Cognitive Radio Systems","authors":"T. L. Van, Hieu Dinh Chi, Kinh Nguyen Viet, Hieu Nguyen Thanh","doi":"10.4236/WET.2014.51002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2014.51002","url":null,"abstract":"When implementing an appropriate windowing, the interference from a Cognitive Radio (CR) system to licensed systems (primary users) will be significantly reduced. Consequently, power allocated to subcarriers can be increased, especially subcarriers having far spectral distance to primary user bands can be allocated full of its maximum possible power. In this paper, we propose a new class of sub-optimal subcarrier power allocation algorithm that significantly reduces complexity of OFDMA-based CR systems. Two sub-optimal proposals, called Pre-set Filling Range (PFR) and Maximum Filling Range (MFR) are studied. Investigations show that this new power allocating algorithm allows CR systems obtain high throughput while retaining low complexity.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we present two new algorithms in residue number systems for scaling and error correction. The first algorithm is the Cyclic Property of Residue-Digit Difference (CPRDD). It is used to speed up the residue multiple error correction due to its parallel processes. The second is called the Target Race Distance (TRD). It is used to speed up residue scaling. Both of these two algorithms are used without the need for Mixed Radix Conversion (MRC) or Chinese Residue Theorem (CRT) techniques, which are time consuming and require hardware complexity. Furthermore, the residue scaling can be performed in parallel for any combination of moduli set members without using lookup tables.
{"title":"Parallel Algorithms for Residue Scaling and Error Correction in Residue Arithmetic","authors":"H. Lo, Ting-wei Lin","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.44029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.44029","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present two new algorithms in residue number systems for scaling and error correction. The first algorithm is the Cyclic Property of Residue-Digit Difference (CPRDD). It is used to speed up the residue multiple error correction due to its parallel processes. The second is called the Target Race Distance (TRD). It is used to speed up residue scaling. Both of these two algorithms are used without the need for Mixed Radix Conversion (MRC) or Chinese Residue Theorem (CRT) techniques, which are time consuming and require hardware complexity. Furthermore, the residue scaling can be performed in parallel for any combination of moduli set members without using lookup tables.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The RFID is a rapidly developing technology. It’s used in many applications such as logistics, ticketing, security, employee attendance record and others. Also, fractal technology is used in many areas, and recently in antenna design because it allows making multi-band and wide-band antennas. In this paper, two tri-band fractal antennas are studied for the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications using the Method of Moment (MoM). The first one is designed for the RFID readers and it operates at 3.85 GHZ, 5.80 GHZ and 8.12 GHZ. The second one is designed for the RFID Tags and it operates at 3.94 GHZ, 5.65 GHZ and 8.20 GHZ.
{"title":"Tri-Band Fractal Antennas for RFID Applications","authors":"Abdelati Reha, A. O. Said","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.44025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.44025","url":null,"abstract":"The RFID is a rapidly developing technology. It’s used in many applications such as logistics, ticketing, security, employee attendance record and others. Also, fractal technology is used in many areas, and recently in antenna design because it allows making multi-band and wide-band antennas. In this paper, two tri-band fractal antennas are studied for the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications using the Method of Moment (MoM). The first one is designed for the RFID readers and it operates at 3.85 GHZ, 5.80 GHZ and 8.12 GHZ. The second one is designed for the RFID Tags and it operates at 3.94 GHZ, 5.65 GHZ and 8.20 GHZ.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Safwat, H. El-Badawy, Ahmad Yehya, H. El-motaafy
Dropping probability of handoff calls and blocking probability of new calls are two important Quality of Service (QoS) measures for LTE-Advanced networks. Applying QoS for Cell edge users in soft frequency reuse scheme in LTE system is a challenge as they already suffer from limited resources. Assigning some resources for handover calls may enhance dropping probability but this is in price of degradation in the blocking probability for new calls in cell-edge. Uniform Fractional Guard Channel (UFGC) is a call admission policy that provides QoS without reserving resources for handover calls. In this paper, the performance of Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) in presence of Uniform Fractional Guard Channel (UFGC) will be investigated using queuing analysis. The mathematical model and performance metrics will be deduced in this assessment. The impact of UFGC will be evaluated in edge and core part separately. Then the optimal value for the parameter of UFGC will be obtained to minimize the blocking probability of new calls with the constraint on the upper bound on the dropping probability of handoff calls.
{"title":"Performance Assessment for LTE-Advanced Networks with Uniform Fractional Guard Channel over Soft Frequency Reuse Scheme","authors":"M. Safwat, H. El-Badawy, Ahmad Yehya, H. El-motaafy","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.44024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.44024","url":null,"abstract":"Dropping probability of handoff calls and blocking probability of new calls are two important Quality of Service (QoS) measures for LTE-Advanced networks. Applying QoS for Cell edge users in soft frequency reuse scheme in LTE system is a challenge as they already suffer from limited resources. Assigning some resources for handover calls may enhance dropping probability but this is in price of degradation in the blocking probability for new calls in cell-edge. Uniform Fractional Guard Channel (UFGC) is a call admission policy that provides QoS without reserving resources for handover calls. In this paper, the performance of Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) in presence of Uniform Fractional Guard Channel (UFGC) will be investigated using queuing analysis. The mathematical model and performance metrics will be deduced in this assessment. The impact of UFGC will be evaluated in edge and core part separately. Then the optimal value for the parameter of UFGC will be obtained to minimize the blocking probability of new calls with the constraint on the upper bound on the dropping probability of handoff calls.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hosseinzadeh, M. Mirmozafari, Mohammad Vatankhah Varnoosfaderani, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia
An ultra-wideband antenna with controllable band-notched is presented. Two semi-ellipses with different radiuses are subtracted to result in the main patch. By varying inner and outer radiuses, much more enhancement in bandwidth occurred. A U-shaped slot is used to make band-stop performance. Measured S11 is ≤-10 dB over 2.3 - 5 GHz and 6.1 - 15.1 GHz.
{"title":"A U-Shaped UWB Antenna with Band-Notched Performance","authors":"A. Hosseinzadeh, M. Mirmozafari, Mohammad Vatankhah Varnoosfaderani, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.44026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.44026","url":null,"abstract":"An ultra-wideband antenna with controllable band-notched is presented. Two semi-ellipses with different radiuses are subtracted to result in the main patch. By varying inner and outer radiuses, much more enhancement in bandwidth occurred. A U-shaped slot is used to make band-stop performance. Measured S11 is ≤-10 dB over 2.3 - 5 GHz and 6.1 - 15.1 GHz.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) correction scheme is proposed to improve the performance of conventional Min-Sum (MS) decoding of regular low density parity check codes. The adopted algorithm to obtain the correction factors is simply based on estimating the mean square difference (MSD) between the transmitted codeword and the posteriori information of both bit and check node that produced at the MS decoder. Semi-practical tests using software-defined radio (SDR) and specific code simulations show that the proposed quasi-optimal algorithm provides a comparable error performance as Sum-Product (SP) decoding while requiring less complexity.
{"title":"Estimation of Two-Dimensional Correction Factors for Min-Sum Decoding of Regular LDPC Code","authors":"A. HamadAhmed","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.44027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.44027","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) correction scheme is proposed to improve the performance of conventional Min-Sum (MS) decoding of regular low density parity check codes. The adopted algorithm to obtain the correction factors is simply based on estimating the mean square difference (MSD) between the transmitted codeword and the posteriori information of both bit and check node that produced at the MS decoder. Semi-practical tests using software-defined radio (SDR) and specific code simulations show that the proposed quasi-optimal algorithm provides a comparable error performance as Sum-Product (SP) decoding while requiring less complexity.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Paper describes the system model of the developed optimisation scheme which is implemented using a simulation package known as MATLAB. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution standard for the downlink air interface, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) was adopted. Frequency Selective Rayleigh fading channel is considered as a model for real life scenario of the LTE Evaluation, operating in 5 MHz downlink bandwidth of OFDMA parameters as proposed in the standard. Simulation results show that, the inherent characteristics of a communication channel can be exploited and combined with the robustness of OFDMA to optimally allocate the radio resources. The optimal channel assignment of the dynamic allocation scheme exploited in this work meets the set target of high data rate and spectral efficiency.
{"title":"Resource Optimisation for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution OFDMA Downlink Interface Air","authors":"Akinniranye Ayoola Akinloye, O. Adenle","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.44028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.44028","url":null,"abstract":"This Paper describes the system model of the developed optimisation scheme which is implemented using a simulation package known as MATLAB. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution standard for the downlink air interface, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) was adopted. Frequency Selective Rayleigh fading channel is considered as a model for real life scenario of the LTE Evaluation, operating in 5 MHz downlink bandwidth of OFDMA parameters as proposed in the standard. Simulation results show that, the inherent characteristics of a communication channel can be exploited and combined with the robustness of OFDMA to optimally allocate the radio resources. The optimal channel assignment of the dynamic allocation scheme exploited in this work meets the set target of high data rate and spectral efficiency.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boudali Ouarzazi, A. Menhaj-Rivenq, I. Dayoub, M. Berbineau
In this paper, a transmission system based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique and channel estimation is proposed. The idea is to enhance the assisted channel estimation without data rate loss. A solution based on frequency diversity is proposed. With the same number of pilots, the global system performances are better for higher mobility speed. The main results will be presented in the case of high mobility context.
{"title":"Assisted Channel Estimation with Dynamic Allocation Pilot Subcarriers for OFDM Communications","authors":"Boudali Ouarzazi, A. Menhaj-Rivenq, I. Dayoub, M. Berbineau","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.44023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.44023","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a transmission system based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique and channel estimation is proposed. The idea is to enhance the assisted channel estimation without data rate loss. A solution based on frequency diversity is proposed. With the same number of pilots, the global system performances are better for higher mobility speed. The main results will be presented in the case of high mobility context.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Vandhana, P. Sowmya, P. Roshni, K. Divya, S. Ashwin, K. Narayanankutty
In this paper we have accomplished one of the tasks of cognitive radio i.e. dynamic spectrum sensing by using wavelet based Synchrosqueezing transform [1], a novel technique, which was proposed to analyze a signal in time-frequency plane. The distinctive feature of this transform compared to other techniques is that it enables us to decompose amplitude and frequency modulated signals and allows individual reconstruction of these components. The objective is also to separate the occupied band into amplitude modulated and frequency modulated bands.
{"title":"Spectrum Sensing and AM-FM Decomposition through Synchrosqueezing","authors":"K. Vandhana, P. Sowmya, P. Roshni, K. Divya, S. Ashwin, K. Narayanankutty","doi":"10.4236/WET.2013.43020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2013.43020","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have accomplished one of the tasks of cognitive radio i.e. dynamic spectrum sensing by using wavelet based Synchrosqueezing transform [1], a novel technique, which was proposed to analyze a signal in time-frequency plane. The distinctive feature of this transform compared to other techniques is that it enables us to decompose amplitude and frequency modulated signals and allows individual reconstruction of these components. The objective is also to separate the occupied band into amplitude modulated and frequency modulated bands.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70838175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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