Localizing a jammer in an indoor environment in wireless sensor networks becomes a significant research problem due to the ease of blocking the communication between legitimate nodes. An adversary may emit radio frequency to prevent the transmission between nodes. In this paper, we propose detecting the position of the jammer indoor by using the received signal strength and Kalman filter (KF) to reduce the noise due to the multipath signal caused by obstacles in the indoor environment. We compare our work to the Linear Prediction Algorithm (LP) and Centroid Localization Algorithm (CL). We observed that the Kalman filter has better results when estimating the distance compared to other algorithms.
{"title":"Localizing Jammer in an Indoor Environment by Estimating Signal Strength and Kalman Filter","authors":"Waleed Aldosari, M. Zohdy","doi":"10.4236/WET.2018.92003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2018.92003","url":null,"abstract":"Localizing a jammer in an indoor environment in wireless sensor networks becomes a significant research problem due to the ease of blocking the communication between legitimate nodes. An adversary may emit radio frequency to prevent the transmission between nodes. In this paper, we propose detecting the position of the jammer indoor by using the received signal strength and Kalman filter (KF) to reduce the noise due to the multipath signal caused by obstacles in the indoor environment. We compare our work to the Linear Prediction Algorithm (LP) and Centroid Localization Algorithm (CL). We observed that the Kalman filter has better results when estimating the distance compared to other algorithms.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"20-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An extensive area implementation of fully observed greenhouses motivates on research, especially in remote greenhouses. However, implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is still needed for investigation. Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) took advantage of using the cognitive radio (CR) concept to which allowed wireless sensor networks to dynamically access into white space channels which is unused channels. In this paper, we adopted the Generalized Implicit-OR as CRSN sensing protocol to reduce the energy consumption and increase the network lifetime in multiple numbers of greenhouses. Our results showed that enhanced energy consumption and improved network lifetime compared to ordinary WSN.
{"title":"Managing Energy Consumption of Wireless Sensors Networks in Multiple Greenhouses","authors":"Haythem Alhumud, M. Zohdy","doi":"10.4236/WET.2018.92002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2018.92002","url":null,"abstract":"An extensive area implementation of fully observed greenhouses motivates on research, especially in remote greenhouses. However, implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is still needed for investigation. Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) took advantage of using the cognitive radio (CR) concept to which allowed wireless sensor networks to dynamically access into white space channels which is unused channels. In this paper, we adopted the Generalized Implicit-OR as CRSN sensing protocol to reduce the energy consumption and increase the network lifetime in multiple numbers of greenhouses. Our results showed that enhanced energy consumption and improved network lifetime compared to ordinary WSN.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41429220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s time each individual needs remote framework, yet at the same time control transmission for low power gadgets are wired in nature. Consistent power supply is one of the real issues in the motivation behind the utilization of remote sensor network. Yet, in the power arrangement of remote Sensor Network, the battery has an extremely constrained lifetime and is not supplanted yet by some other persistent power framework. There are separate techniques proposed for shorter and more separate power transmission: Inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling and air ionization for short separations; microwave and Laser transmission for longer separations. The pioneer of the field, Tesla endeavoured to make a capable, remote electric transmitter more than a century back that has now observed an exponential development. This paper overall lights up all the effective strategies proposed for transmitting power without wires. This study is important for find out the future ways of power transmission. These methods are so important in today’s world because of drastic wastage of power. Common wireless power transmission is a point-to-point control transmission. It was demonstrated that the power transmission effectiveness could approach near 100%.
{"title":"Wireless Power Transmission with Short and Long Range Using Inductive Coil","authors":"Manish Bhardwaj, A. Ahlawat","doi":"10.4236/WET.2018.91001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2018.91001","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s time each individual needs remote framework, yet at the same time control transmission for low power gadgets are wired in nature. Consistent power supply is one of the real issues in the motivation behind the utilization of remote sensor network. Yet, in the power arrangement of remote Sensor Network, the battery has an extremely constrained lifetime and is not supplanted yet by some other persistent power framework. There are separate techniques proposed for shorter and more separate power transmission: Inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling and air ionization for short separations; microwave and Laser transmission for longer separations. The pioneer of the field, Tesla endeavoured to make a capable, remote electric transmitter more than a century back that has now observed an exponential development. This paper overall lights up all the effective strategies proposed for transmitting power without wires. This study is important for find out the future ways of power transmission. These methods are so important in today’s world because of drastic wastage of power. Common wireless power transmission is a point-to-point control transmission. It was demonstrated that the power transmission effectiveness could approach near 100%.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45818109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The multicarrier transmission techniques have been the most beguiling one for the development of wireless communication systems like 4G, Long Term evolution and now the successor 5G. For 5G or fifth generation wireless communication, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter Bank Multi carrier modulation (FBMC) are the dominant waveform contenders. In this research paper, the disadvantages of OFDM have been addressed and it has shown that filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) could be a more effective solution. The comparative analysis of FBMC and OFDM has been performed based on Power Spectral Densities, sub channels, computational complexity and prototype filter comparison simulated using MATLAB.
{"title":"FBMC vs OFDM Waveform Contenders for 5G Wireless Communication System","authors":"P. Kansal, A. K. Shankhwar","doi":"10.4236/WET.2017.84005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2017.84005","url":null,"abstract":"The multicarrier transmission techniques have been the most beguiling one for the development of wireless communication systems like 4G, Long Term evolution and now the successor 5G. For 5G or fifth generation wireless communication, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter Bank Multi carrier modulation (FBMC) are the dominant waveform contenders. In this research paper, the disadvantages of OFDM have been addressed and it has shown that filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) could be a more effective solution. The comparative analysis of FBMC and OFDM has been performed based on Power Spectral Densities, sub channels, computational complexity and prototype filter comparison simulated using MATLAB.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48366976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The latest uproar in this era is about a technology termed as Light Fidelity or more commonly known as Li-Fi. There are currently two trends being seen: First, the extension or enrichment of wireless services and other being increased in user demand for these services, but the available RF spectrum for usage is very limited. So the new technology of Li-Fi came into picture, which uses visible light as a source of communication. Li-Fi is the most recent development which is resourceful. In this technology, LEDs are used to transmit data in the visible light spectrum. This technology can be compared with that of Wi-Fi and offers advantages like increased accessible spectrum, efficiency, security, low latency and much higher speed. This research paper aims at designing a Li-Fi transceiver using Arduino that is able to transmit digital data. The hardware has been designed using Eagle CAD (version 7.1.0) tool and Proteus design tool (version 8). The software coding is done by using Java (version 8). Successful transmission and reception of text, image and video signals is carried out on the transceiver. Hence this research work gives an innovative way of designing a transceiver which works by using off the shelf low cost components and using visible light spectrum.
{"title":"Design of a Li-Fi Transceiver","authors":"Pavas Goswami, M. Shukla","doi":"10.4236/WET.2017.84006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2017.84006","url":null,"abstract":"The latest uproar in this era is about a technology termed as Light Fidelity or more commonly known as Li-Fi. There are currently two trends being seen: First, the extension or enrichment of wireless services and other being increased in user demand for these services, but the available RF spectrum for usage is very limited. So the new technology of Li-Fi came into picture, which uses visible light as a source of communication. Li-Fi is the most recent development which is resourceful. In this technology, LEDs are used to transmit data in the visible light spectrum. This technology can be compared with that of Wi-Fi and offers advantages like increased accessible spectrum, efficiency, security, low latency and much higher speed. This research paper aims at designing a Li-Fi transceiver using Arduino that is able to transmit digital data. The hardware has been designed using Eagle CAD (version 7.1.0) tool and Proteus design tool (version 8). The software coding is done by using Java (version 8). Successful transmission and reception of text, image and video signals is carried out on the transceiver. Hence this research work gives an innovative way of designing a transceiver which works by using off the shelf low cost components and using visible light spectrum.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"71-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41873735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kamei, H. Shima, Takashi Yamamoto, S. Ogino, S. Ishii
In this paper, we focus on PHYTOPOROUS, a porous carbon material made entirely from plant-based ingredients, as a new broadband-wave absorber material that acts in the millimeter wave band. We created prototypes of thin rubber-sheet wave absorbers that contain porous carbon (PHYTOPOROUS) made from rice chaff and soybean hulls, which are both agricultural residue products that are generated in large quantities. We investigated the permittivity and reflectance characteristics of this material using the free-space time-domain method. The thin rubber-sheet wave absorber that contained PHYTOPOROUS made from soybean hulls exhibited a frequency band that was approximately 18 GHz wide and centered at 90 GHz. The return loss for this material was greater than −20 dB. This demonstrates that the material provides nearly constant reflection absorption over a wide frequency band.
{"title":"Millimeter-Wave Absorption Properties of Thin Wave Absorber in Free Space with New Porous Carbon Material","authors":"T. Kamei, H. Shima, Takashi Yamamoto, S. Ogino, S. Ishii","doi":"10.4236/WET.2017.83004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2017.83004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we focus on PHYTOPOROUS, a porous carbon material made entirely from plant-based ingredients, as a new broadband-wave absorber material that acts in the millimeter wave band. We created prototypes of thin rubber-sheet wave absorbers that contain porous carbon (PHYTOPOROUS) made from rice chaff and soybean hulls, which are both agricultural residue products that are generated in large quantities. We investigated the permittivity and reflectance characteristics of this material using the free-space time-domain method. The thin rubber-sheet wave absorber that contained PHYTOPOROUS made from soybean hulls exhibited a frequency band that was approximately 18 GHz wide and centered at 90 GHz. The return loss for this material was greater than −20 dB. This demonstrates that the material provides nearly constant reflection absorption over a wide frequency band.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41955334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we constructed a 4-element linear array antenna using four 20 GHz band microstrip patch antennas with a structure such that the signal is fed to the patch antennas from open-end coplanar waveguides without contact. We investigated factors related to the design of linear array patch antennas. To adjust the maximum radiation direction and reduce return loss, we optimized the spacing between the elements and their shape. With an element spacing of 11.50 mm, patch width of 3.90 mm, and patch length of 4.15 mm, we obtained a resonance frequency of 20.05 GHz and a return loss of -29.59 dB at the resonance frequency. However, in the case of a 4-element linear array antenna structure, undesired resonances occurred in frequency bands other than the design resonance frequency band of 20 GHz. To suppress these undesired resonances and obtaining stable operation at the design frequency, we propose a new structure in which the feed line is loaded with a short stub, and show through computer simulations that the occurrence of undesired resonances can be sufficiently suppressed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the problem of radiation gain reduction caused by introducing a short stub, propose a design method for a new structure in which the feed line has slits between the stubs, and show improvement of the antenna gain by 0.5 dBi.
{"title":"A Linear Array Antenna of Microstrip Patch Antennas Fed by the Open-End of Coplanar Waveguides","authors":"T. Kamei, H. Shima, S. Fukuda, S. Ishii","doi":"10.4236/WET.2017.82003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2017.82003","url":null,"abstract":"In this \u0000study, we constructed a 4-element linear array antenna using four 20 GHz band \u0000microstrip patch antennas with a structure such that the signal is fed to the \u0000patch antennas from open-end coplanar waveguides without contact. We \u0000investigated factors related to the design of linear array patch antennas. To adjust \u0000the maximum radiation direction and reduce return loss, we optimized the \u0000spacing between the elements and their shape. With an element spacing of 11.50 \u0000mm, patch width of 3.90 mm, and patch length of 4.15 mm, we obtained a \u0000resonance frequency of 20.05 GHz and a return loss of -29.59 \u0000dB at the resonance frequency. However, in the case of a 4-element linear array \u0000antenna structure, undesired resonances occurred in frequency bands other than \u0000the design resonance frequency band of 20 GHz. To suppress these undesired resonances \u0000and obtaining stable operation at the design frequency, we propose a new \u0000structure in which the feed line is \u0000loaded with a short stub, and show through computer simulations that the \u0000occurrence of undesired resonances can be sufficiently suppressed. Furthermore, \u0000we demonstrate the problem of radiation gain reduction caused by introducing a \u0000short stub, propose a design method for a new structure in which the feed line has slits between the \u0000stubs, and show improvement of the antenna gain by 0.5 dBi.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47711927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ad hoc networks have drawn considerable attentions of researchers for the last few years. Various applications of ad hoc networks have been reported in the literatures including disaster management, battle field, environmental management, healthcare, and smart grid. Ad hoc networks have some limitations namely short operating life, unreliability, scalability, delay, high interference, and scarce resources. In order to overcome these limitations, numerous researches have been carried out. Smart antenna integration is one of them. It has been shown in the literatures that smart antenna can improve network’s capacity, increase network lifetime, reduce delay, and improve scalability by directing antenna radiation pattern in a desired direction. But, producing a desired antenna radiation pattern is not a simple task for resource constraint ad hoc networks. A careful selection of beam forming algorithm is required. In this paper we show that smart antenna system, consisting of circular microstrip antennas and arranged in a linear arrangement, is the most suitable choice for ad hoc network. We compare a number of smart antenna algorithms in this paper under different noisy conditions. We show that the Least Square Constant Modulus (LSCM) and Least Constant Modulus (LCM) algorithms outperform other algorithms in terms of directivity and minimized side lobes.
{"title":"Selection of Optimal Beam Forming Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"M. Tarique","doi":"10.4236/WET.2017.81002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2017.81002","url":null,"abstract":"Ad hoc networks have drawn considerable attentions of researchers for the last few years. Various applications of ad hoc networks have been reported in the literatures including disaster management, battle field, environmental management, healthcare, and smart grid. Ad hoc networks have some limitations namely short operating life, unreliability, scalability, delay, high interference, and scarce resources. In order to overcome these limitations, numerous researches have been carried out. Smart antenna integration is one of them. It has been shown in the literatures that smart antenna can improve network’s capacity, increase network lifetime, reduce delay, and improve scalability by directing antenna radiation pattern in a desired direction. But, producing a desired antenna radiation pattern is not a simple task for resource constraint ad hoc networks. A careful selection of beam forming algorithm is required. In this paper we show that smart antenna system, consisting of circular microstrip antennas and arranged in a linear arrangement, is the most suitable choice for ad hoc network. We compare a number of smart antenna algorithms in this paper under different noisy conditions. We show that the Least Square Constant Modulus (LSCM) and Least Constant Modulus (LCM) algorithms outperform other algorithms in terms of directivity and minimized side lobes.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"20-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44649917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a novel, simple and cost-effective PON-based next generation mobile backhaul RAN architecture that enables redistribution of some of the intelligence currently centralized in the Mobile Packet Core (MPC) platform out into the access nodes of the RAN. Specifically, this work proposes a fully distributed ring-based EPON architecture that enables the support of a converged PON-4G/5G mobile WiMAX/LTE access networking transport infrastructure to seamlessly backhaul both mobile and wireline multimedia traffic and services.
{"title":"A Simple and Cost-Effective EPON-Based Next Generation Mobile Backhaul RAN Architecture","authors":"A. Sana, S. R. Zaidi, S. Hussain, M. Nizamuddin","doi":"10.4236/WET.2017.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2017.81001","url":null,"abstract":"This \u0000study proposes a novel, simple and cost-effective PON-based next generation \u0000mobile backhaul RAN architecture that enables redistribution of some of the \u0000intelligence currently centralized in the Mobile Packet Core (MPC) platform out \u0000into the access nodes of the RAN. Specifically, this work proposes a fully \u0000distributed ring-based EPON architecture that enables the support of a \u0000converged PON-4G/5G mobile WiMAX/LTE access networking transport infrastructure \u0000to seamlessly backhaul both mobile and wireline multimedia traffic and \u0000services.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43094424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main intention of developing cognitive radio technology is to solve the spectrum deficiency problem by allocating the spectrum dynamically to the unlicensed clients. An important aim of any wireless network is to secure communication. It is to help the unlicensed clients to utilize the maximum available licensed bandwidth, and the cognitive network is designed for opportunistic communication technology. Selfish attacks cause serious security problem because they significantly deteriorate the performance of a cognitive network. In this paper, the selfish attacks have been identified using cooperative neighboring cognitive radio ad hoc network (COOPON). A novel technique has been proposed as ICOOPON (improvised COOPON), which shows improved performance in selfish attack detection as compared to existing technique. A comparative study has been presented to find the efficiency of proposed technique. The parameters used are throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay.
{"title":"Efficient Selfish Attack Detection in Cognitive Radio Network","authors":"S. Patil, Amrita Janardhanan","doi":"10.4236/WET.2016.74011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WET.2016.74011","url":null,"abstract":"The main intention of developing cognitive radio technology is to solve the spectrum deficiency problem by allocating the spectrum dynamically to the unlicensed clients. An important aim of any wireless network is to secure communication. It is to help the unlicensed clients to utilize the maximum available licensed bandwidth, and the cognitive network is designed for opportunistic communication technology. Selfish attacks cause serious security problem because they significantly deteriorate the performance of a cognitive network. In this paper, the selfish attacks have been identified using cooperative neighboring cognitive radio ad hoc network (COOPON). A novel technique has been proposed as ICOOPON (improvised COOPON), which shows improved performance in selfish attack detection as compared to existing technique. A comparative study has been presented to find the efficiency of proposed technique. The parameters used are throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay.","PeriodicalId":68067,"journal":{"name":"无线工程与技术(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"105-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70839910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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