Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525751
T. Anojan, Chandana Siriwardana
Worker performance is highly significant in the construction industry since it affects the productivity, safety, and quality level of the project. Construction activities are considered labour-intensive as they heavily rely on human effort. This study aims to evaluate and rate the impact of the factors affecting construction worker performance in the Sri Lankan construction industry. The factors identified through the literature review were categorized into different 11 groups by their nature. The most suitable factors were selected and grouped by using a specific structured approach. Structured questionnaires comprising all the selected factors were used to gather the relevant data from directors, managers, technical officers, engineers, and other professionals. All the gathered data were analysed and were ranked using the Relative Important Index (RII). Improvement strategies were also proposed, and a framework had been developed for improving worker performance. The results of this study will be worthwhile information to improve the performance of the project as part of the research was involved in investigating the interaction relationship of the key factors affecting worker performance to improve the labour productivity in the Sri Lankan construction industry.
{"title":"A Study to Investigate the Factors Affecting Construction Worker Performance","authors":"T. Anojan, Chandana Siriwardana","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525751","url":null,"abstract":"Worker performance is highly significant in the construction industry since it affects the productivity, safety, and quality level of the project. Construction activities are considered labour-intensive as they heavily rely on human effort. This study aims to evaluate and rate the impact of the factors affecting construction worker performance in the Sri Lankan construction industry. The factors identified through the literature review were categorized into different 11 groups by their nature. The most suitable factors were selected and grouped by using a specific structured approach. Structured questionnaires comprising all the selected factors were used to gather the relevant data from directors, managers, technical officers, engineers, and other professionals. All the gathered data were analysed and were ranked using the Relative Important Index (RII). Improvement strategies were also proposed, and a framework had been developed for improving worker performance. The results of this study will be worthwhile information to improve the performance of the project as part of the research was involved in investigating the interaction relationship of the key factors affecting worker performance to improve the labour productivity in the Sri Lankan construction industry.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"22 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85633085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525803
Dinelka Somaweera, G.A. Abeygunawardane, S. Weragoda, Sivahar Vigneswaran
Graphite is being highly used nowadays in synthesizing graphene; largely exploited in synthesis of nano-composites in different forms. Crushed graphite can also be used in its powder form to synthesize beneficial particulate based composite. Besides, properties of vein graphite in its powder form is scarcely found in the literature. This study reports mechanical and thermal properties of vein graphite powder sourced from Bogala mines, Sri Lanka. Five varieties of graphite powder samples were chosen based on the specific industrial requirements and each were characterized through Thermal Constant Analyzer, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Ultrasonic pulse-echo method. The later method was adopted to obtain measurements of the Poisson's ratio ($vartheta$), Young's modulus (E), and Shear modulus (G) of the graphite powder samples. Highest value of thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity was reported from the grade of graphite powder possessing larger particle size. The reported properties of the vein graphite powder will be convenient to material scientists in synthesizing graphite particle-based composites and to predict their overall performance numerically as well as experimentally.
{"title":"Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Sri Lankan Vein Graphite Powder","authors":"Dinelka Somaweera, G.A. Abeygunawardane, S. Weragoda, Sivahar Vigneswaran","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525803","url":null,"abstract":"Graphite is being highly used nowadays in synthesizing graphene; largely exploited in synthesis of nano-composites in different forms. Crushed graphite can also be used in its powder form to synthesize beneficial particulate based composite. Besides, properties of vein graphite in its powder form is scarcely found in the literature. This study reports mechanical and thermal properties of vein graphite powder sourced from Bogala mines, Sri Lanka. Five varieties of graphite powder samples were chosen based on the specific industrial requirements and each were characterized through Thermal Constant Analyzer, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Ultrasonic pulse-echo method. The later method was adopted to obtain measurements of the Poisson's ratio ($vartheta$), Young's modulus (E), and Shear modulus (G) of the graphite powder samples. Highest value of thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity was reported from the grade of graphite powder possessing larger particle size. The reported properties of the vein graphite powder will be convenient to material scientists in synthesizing graphite particle-based composites and to predict their overall performance numerically as well as experimentally.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"33 1","pages":"664-669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77114952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525682
S.C. Athukorala, H.M.L.D. Hennayaka, S. Rathnayake, M. Hariluxman, J. Gamage, R. Gopura
With the ever-increasing amount of waste disposal by mankind, the requirement for waste management is paramount. Apart from dumping waste in landfills, recycling is another popular solution adopted by the world to manage waste. As an effective collection mechanism of plastic waste, automatic recycle bins are employed in many countries in common places like subways and, malls. Furthermore, different rewarding mechanisms are in place to motivate the consumers to return the plastic waste. Reverse vending machines which encourage the collection of plastic waste and provide rewards are used in some countries. However, existing reverse vending machines lack features like separating plastic based on their plastic category. PET bottles and Yoghurt cups are some of the mostly disposed plastic containers in Sri Lanka. There are companies that use these types only to recycle and manufacture unique recycled products. This paper focuses on developing a reverse vending machine with plastic type sorting function to be used in the Sri Lankan context. The existing mechanisms were reviewed and a solution is designed to operate with Near-infrared (MR) plastic sorting and gravity transfer method. Furthermore, an appropriate rewarding mechanism is also proposed.
{"title":"A Reverse Vending Machine for Sorting Yoghurt Cups and PET Bottles","authors":"S.C. Athukorala, H.M.L.D. Hennayaka, S. Rathnayake, M. Hariluxman, J. Gamage, R. Gopura","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525682","url":null,"abstract":"With the ever-increasing amount of waste disposal by mankind, the requirement for waste management is paramount. Apart from dumping waste in landfills, recycling is another popular solution adopted by the world to manage waste. As an effective collection mechanism of plastic waste, automatic recycle bins are employed in many countries in common places like subways and, malls. Furthermore, different rewarding mechanisms are in place to motivate the consumers to return the plastic waste. Reverse vending machines which encourage the collection of plastic waste and provide rewards are used in some countries. However, existing reverse vending machines lack features like separating plastic based on their plastic category. PET bottles and Yoghurt cups are some of the mostly disposed plastic containers in Sri Lanka. There are companies that use these types only to recycle and manufacture unique recycled products. This paper focuses on developing a reverse vending machine with plastic type sorting function to be used in the Sri Lankan context. The existing mechanisms were reviewed and a solution is designed to operate with Near-infrared (MR) plastic sorting and gravity transfer method. Furthermore, an appropriate rewarding mechanism is also proposed.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"17 1","pages":"333-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77527600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525780
Surindi Vidusika Wijetunge, Sajana Gunasekera, Jeewantha Gamage, C. Pathirana, S. Bolonne
Renewable energy sources (RESs) play a major role in the modern power system to meet the increasing demand and to reduce environmental effects. But they are unable to perform frequency regulation resulting in higher frequency deviations with higher integration of RESs. To overcome this problem power converters are modified as synchronous generators using proper control mechanisms called as Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs). Energy Storage Systems are required to absorb and deliver excess energy. We have used a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to achieve this. Power allocation for the two storage units is modeled such that fast-varying power fluctuations are compensated by ultracapacitor (UC) and low frequency power fluctuations are compensated by the battery. This is achieved by emulating the inertia by the ultracapacitor and emulating reheat turbine model, droop control etc. by the battery. Some research produces the modelling details of HESS but not the sizing considering required performance. To fulfil this research gap sizing of the HESS is presented through this research paper. Eventually, the proposed system was implemented and simulated in MATLAB Simulink. Results were analyzed to verify the proposed concept for different cases to prove that it gives outputs similar to conventional synchronous generator.
{"title":"Modeling and Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Virtual Synchronous Generator","authors":"Surindi Vidusika Wijetunge, Sajana Gunasekera, Jeewantha Gamage, C. Pathirana, S. Bolonne","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525780","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy sources (RESs) play a major role in the modern power system to meet the increasing demand and to reduce environmental effects. But they are unable to perform frequency regulation resulting in higher frequency deviations with higher integration of RESs. To overcome this problem power converters are modified as synchronous generators using proper control mechanisms called as Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs). Energy Storage Systems are required to absorb and deliver excess energy. We have used a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to achieve this. Power allocation for the two storage units is modeled such that fast-varying power fluctuations are compensated by ultracapacitor (UC) and low frequency power fluctuations are compensated by the battery. This is achieved by emulating the inertia by the ultracapacitor and emulating reheat turbine model, droop control etc. by the battery. Some research produces the modelling details of HESS but not the sizing considering required performance. To fulfil this research gap sizing of the HESS is presented through this research paper. Eventually, the proposed system was implemented and simulated in MATLAB Simulink. Results were analyzed to verify the proposed concept for different cases to prove that it gives outputs similar to conventional synchronous generator.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"38 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87789288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525694
K. M. Weerakkody, K.P.T. Wathsala, V. Weragoda
Cellulose is a natural biopolymer that shows some attractive properties such as recyclability, biodegradability, renewability, non-toxicity, low density and high functionality. Nanocrystalline Cellulose is (NCC) obtained from acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibres but compared to cellulose fibres, NCC possesses many more advantages, such as higher specific strength and modulus, higher surface area, unique optical properties, etc. This research work extracts cellulose from locally available rice straw variety. The extraction process included dewaxing, delignification, bleaching, acid hydrolysis, centrifugation, dialysis, sonication and freeze drying. It was observed using FTIR analysis that almost all the silica content of fibres was solubilized in the dewaxing step. XRD analysis concluded the decrement of crystallinity with an increment of the temperature and time of the centrifugation. The dialysis conditions and sonication parameters were optimized. Finally, the aqueous suspension was freeze dried to obtain Nanocrystalline cellulose powder. The results of the image analysis showed that almost 50% of Cellulose fibres within the range of 64–98 nm with 70% crystallinity and maximum yield 18.68% of NCC.
{"title":"Optimization of Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Extracted from Rice Straw","authors":"K. M. Weerakkody, K.P.T. Wathsala, V. Weragoda","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525694","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose is a natural biopolymer that shows some attractive properties such as recyclability, biodegradability, renewability, non-toxicity, low density and high functionality. Nanocrystalline Cellulose is (NCC) obtained from acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibres but compared to cellulose fibres, NCC possesses many more advantages, such as higher specific strength and modulus, higher surface area, unique optical properties, etc. This research work extracts cellulose from locally available rice straw variety. The extraction process included dewaxing, delignification, bleaching, acid hydrolysis, centrifugation, dialysis, sonication and freeze drying. It was observed using FTIR analysis that almost all the silica content of fibres was solubilized in the dewaxing step. XRD analysis concluded the decrement of crystallinity with an increment of the temperature and time of the centrifugation. The dialysis conditions and sonication parameters were optimized. Finally, the aqueous suspension was freeze dried to obtain Nanocrystalline cellulose powder. The results of the image analysis showed that almost 50% of Cellulose fibres within the range of 64–98 nm with 70% crystallinity and maximum yield 18.68% of NCC.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"1 1","pages":"184-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88686667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525659
Thilanka Kaushalya, I. Perera
The next-generation component-based front-end frameworks such as React have outperformed AngularJS from both the end-user and developer expectations. The concepts, patterns, and architecture of the old school AngularJS application and the component-based React applications are different, hence the migration is not straightforward. This research defines a clear, cost-effective and efficient migration path from AngularJS applications to React applications. By comparing different approaches, the research provides a framework with a step-by-step guideline for migrating the presentation layer of any AngularJS based legacy application to a component-based React application. A migration assistant tool named Ng-React Copilot was implemented to guide the developer and automate the migration. The tool was developed by converting the critical refactorings proposed in the framework into a set of detection algorithms and providing the ability to scan against the given codebase. The tool works as a command-line tool as well as an integrated tool with popular IDEs. The framework and the tool were evaluated by applying them to selected small, medium, and enterprise-level AngularJS legacy applications and the results indicate the validity of the research findings.
{"title":"Framework to Migrate AngularJS Based Legacy Web Application to React Component Architecture","authors":"Thilanka Kaushalya, I. Perera","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525659","url":null,"abstract":"The next-generation component-based front-end frameworks such as React have outperformed AngularJS from both the end-user and developer expectations. The concepts, patterns, and architecture of the old school AngularJS application and the component-based React applications are different, hence the migration is not straightforward. This research defines a clear, cost-effective and efficient migration path from AngularJS applications to React applications. By comparing different approaches, the research provides a framework with a step-by-step guideline for migrating the presentation layer of any AngularJS based legacy application to a component-based React application. A migration assistant tool named Ng-React Copilot was implemented to guide the developer and automate the migration. The tool was developed by converting the critical refactorings proposed in the framework into a set of detection algorithms and providing the ability to scan against the given codebase. The tool works as a command-line tool as well as an integrated tool with popular IDEs. The framework and the tool were evaluated by applying them to selected small, medium, and enterprise-level AngularJS legacy applications and the results indicate the validity of the research findings.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"32 1","pages":"693-698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91007400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525702
Dulanjana M. Perera, D. Madusanka
Although recently developed Electromyography-based (EMG) prosthetic hands could classify a significant amount of wrist motions, classifying 5-6 grasping patterns in real-time is a challenging task. The collaboration of EMG and vision has addressed this problem to a certain extent but could not achieve significant performance in real-time. In this paper, we propose a fusion method that can improve the real-time prediction accuracy of the EMG system by merging a probability matrix that represents the usage of the six grasping patterns for the targeted object. The YOLO object detection system retrieves a probability matrix of the identified object, and it is used to correct the error in the EMG classification system. The experiments revealed that the optimized ANN model outperformed the KNN, LDA, NB, and DT by achieving the highest mean True Positive Rate (mTPR) of 69.34%(21.54) in real-time for all the six grasping patterns. Furthermore, the proposed feature set (Age, Gender, and Handedness of the user) showed that their influence increases the mTPR of ANN by 16.05%(2.70). The proposed system takes 393.89ms(178.23ms) to produce a prediction. Therefore, the user does not feel a delay between intention and execution. Furthermore, the system facilitates users to use multiple-grasping patterns for an object.
{"title":"Vision-EMG Fusion Method for Real-time Grasping Pattern Classification System","authors":"Dulanjana M. Perera, D. Madusanka","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525702","url":null,"abstract":"Although recently developed Electromyography-based (EMG) prosthetic hands could classify a significant amount of wrist motions, classifying 5-6 grasping patterns in real-time is a challenging task. The collaboration of EMG and vision has addressed this problem to a certain extent but could not achieve significant performance in real-time. In this paper, we propose a fusion method that can improve the real-time prediction accuracy of the EMG system by merging a probability matrix that represents the usage of the six grasping patterns for the targeted object. The YOLO object detection system retrieves a probability matrix of the identified object, and it is used to correct the error in the EMG classification system. The experiments revealed that the optimized ANN model outperformed the KNN, LDA, NB, and DT by achieving the highest mean True Positive Rate (mTPR) of 69.34%(21.54) in real-time for all the six grasping patterns. Furthermore, the proposed feature set (Age, Gender, and Handedness of the user) showed that their influence increases the mTPR of ANN by 16.05%(2.70). The proposed system takes 393.89ms(178.23ms) to produce a prediction. Therefore, the user does not feel a delay between intention and execution. Furthermore, the system facilitates users to use multiple-grasping patterns for an object.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"56 1","pages":"585-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77862213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525698
A. Rathnayake, Oshadi Hettithanthri, A. Rajapaksha, M. Vithanage
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a recognized material for fluoride adsorption; however, dissolution in acidic pH is a disadvantage, while dendro biochar (DBC) is a byproduct from dendro power plants in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to synthesize dendro biochar-hydroxyapatite (DBC-HAP) composite to reduce HAP dissolution and improve biochar's capacity for fluoride removal. Then it was characterized toward an enhanced fluoride removal in water. DBC-HAP composite was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Pristine and composite materials were characterized using point of zero charge (pHPZC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to understand its potential for fluoride removal. The pHPZC for DBC, HAP and DBC-HAP were 10.39, 6.82 and 8.52 respectively. The surface charge of DBC-HAP composite was reduced by a pH of 1.87 compared to DBC. FTIR bands confirmed mineralized functional groups such as Ca2+ and −OH in the composite, which can facilitate defluoridation. XRD analysis indicated enhanced crystalline properties of the composite compared to DBC. TGA results exhibited changes in thermal stability for the composite compared to HAP. Overall characterization results of the DBC-HAP composite indicated the features of a low-cost, easily synthesizable defluoridation material.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Dendro Biochar-Hydroxyapatite Composite: A Potential Material for Defluoridation","authors":"A. Rathnayake, Oshadi Hettithanthri, A. Rajapaksha, M. Vithanage","doi":"10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon52712.2021.9525698","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a recognized material for fluoride adsorption; however, dissolution in acidic pH is a disadvantage, while dendro biochar (DBC) is a byproduct from dendro power plants in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to synthesize dendro biochar-hydroxyapatite (DBC-HAP) composite to reduce HAP dissolution and improve biochar's capacity for fluoride removal. Then it was characterized toward an enhanced fluoride removal in water. DBC-HAP composite was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Pristine and composite materials were characterized using point of zero charge (pHPZC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to understand its potential for fluoride removal. The pHPZC for DBC, HAP and DBC-HAP were 10.39, 6.82 and 8.52 respectively. The surface charge of DBC-HAP composite was reduced by a pH of 1.87 compared to DBC. FTIR bands confirmed mineralized functional groups such as Ca2+ and −OH in the composite, which can facilitate defluoridation. XRD analysis indicated enhanced crystalline properties of the composite compared to DBC. TGA results exhibited changes in thermal stability for the composite compared to HAP. Overall characterization results of the DBC-HAP composite indicated the features of a low-cost, easily synthesizable defluoridation material.","PeriodicalId":6855,"journal":{"name":"2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)","volume":"65 1","pages":"160-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74145232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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