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A residue to binary converter for a balanced moduli set {22n+1 − 1, 22n, 22n − 1} 平衡模集{22n+1−1,22n, 22n−1}的二值变换器残数
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765435
E. K. Bankas, K. Gbolagade
In this paper, we propose a new moduli set {22n+1 - 1, 22n;22n - l} with its associated reverse converter. The proposed reverse converter is based on Mixed Radix Conversion (MRC). In addition to parallelizing and optimizing the MRC algorithm, the resulting architecture is further simplified in order to obtain a reverse converter that utilizes only 2 levels of Carry Save Adders and three Carry Propagate Adders. The proposed converter is purely adder based and memoryless. Our proposal has a delay of (10n + 4)tfa + 2tmUx with an area cost of (12n + 2)FAs and (2n)H As, which when expressed in terms of HA is (22n + 4), where FA, HA, and tfa represent Full Adder, Half Adder, and delay of a Full Adder, respectively. The proposed scheme is compared with state of the art similar dynamic range converters. Theoretically speaking, our proposal achieves about 62.3% hardware reduction and about 2.13% speed improvement when compared with the reverse converter for {2n + 1,2n 1, 22n+1 - 3, 22n - 2}. Also, in comparison with the converter for {2n - 1, 2n - 1, 22n+1 - l}, the results indicate that, our proposal is about 17.05% faster, but requires about 7.83% more hardware resources. Further, the area time square (ΔT2) metric indicates that our proposed converter is 62.3% and 24.77% better than the state of the art reverse converters for {2n + 1,2n - 1, 22n+1 - 3, 22n - 2} and {2n - 1, 2n + 1, 22n, 22n+1 - l} respectively.
在本文中,我们提出了一个新的模集{22n+1 - 1,22n;22n - l}及其相关的反向变换器。所提出的反向转换器基于混合基数转换(MRC)。除了并行化和优化MRC算法外,还进一步简化了所得架构,以获得仅使用2级进位保存加法器和3级进位传播加法器的反向转换器。所提出的转换器是纯基于加法器和无存储器的。我们提出的延迟为(10n + 4)tfa + 2tmUx,面积成本为(12n + 2)FAs和(2n)H As,用HA表示时为(22n + 4),其中FA、HA和tfa分别表示全加法器、半加法器和全加法器的延迟。将该方案与现有的同类动态范围变换器进行了比较。从理论上讲,与{2n + 1,2n 1,22n +1 - 3,22n - 2}的反向变换器相比,我们的方案实现了约62.3%的硬件减少和约2.13%的速度提高。另外,与{2n - 1,2n - 1,22n +1 - l}的转换器相比,结果表明,我们的方案速度约为17.05%,但需要的硬件资源约为7.83%。此外,面积时间平方(ΔT2)指标表明,我们提出的转换器分别比{2n +1,2n - 1, 22n+1 - 3,22n - 2}和{2n - 1,2n +1, 22n, 22n+1 - 1}的最先进的反向转换器好62.3%和24.77%。
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引用次数: 2
Programmable wireless sensor node featuring low-power FPGA and microcontroller 采用低功耗FPGA和微控制器的可编程无线传感器节点
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765509
S. Yamaguchi, T. Miyazaki, J. Kitamichi, Song Guo, T. Tsukahara, Takafumi Hayashi
A sensor node often uses a low-performance microcontroller unit (MCU) to reduce its power consumption. However, it is difficult to handle heavy tasks with the MCU. To solve this problem, we developed a new sensor node that uses an ultra-low power field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in addition to an MCU. By assigning heavy tasks, such as sensor and data processing, to the FPGA, we can avoid overloading the MCU. Both the configuration data for the FPGA and the programs running on the MCU can be injected from outside the sensor node using wireless communication. Thus, the functionality of the sensor node can be easily changed depending on the situation and/or the applications. In this paper, we describe the sensor node architecture and its prototype, and then we show the experimental results.
传感器节点通常采用低性能微控制器(MCU)来降低功耗。然而,MCU很难处理繁重的任务。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一种新的传感器节点,除了MCU之外,还使用了超低功耗现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)。通过将传感器和数据处理等繁重的任务分配给FPGA,可以避免MCU过载。FPGA的配置数据和单片机上运行的程序都可以通过无线通信从传感器节点外部注入。因此,传感器节点的功能可以根据情况和/或应用程序轻松更改。本文介绍了传感器节点的结构和原型,并给出了实验结果。
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引用次数: 8
Visually-aided smart kitchen environment for senior citizens suffering from dementia 为老年痴呆症患者设计的视觉辅助智能厨房环境
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765507
Yahui Li, M. Asghar, P. Pulli
In this study we proposed a design for a smart kitchen environment, which facilitated the senior citizens suffering from dementia and their caregivers. The idea of smart kitchen environment was that it was context aware and had the learning ability to adapt itself to fit senior citizens with dementia's habits and living conditions. This study developed a way to design steps and collect data elements of the coffee-making process for a cooking workflow system. Caregivers were able to instruct senior citizens suffering from dementia remotely using this cooking workflow system. A multiple cameras based visual surveillance system was designed to facilitate the observation of cooking objects and senior citizens with dementia's cooking conditions in the kitchen, audio and graphical assistance were used to deliver instructions to the senior citizens with dementia. The smart kitchen environment is concretized into a smart kitchen prototype, this prototype affirmed the feasibility of the smart kitchen environment, and also revealed the areas for further improvement.
在这项研究中,我们提出了一个智能厨房环境的设计,为老年痴呆症患者和他们的照顾者提供便利。智能厨房环境的理念是,它具有上下文意识,并具有自我适应的学习能力,以适应老年痴呆症患者的习惯和生活条件。本研究开发了一种方法来设计步骤和收集数据元素的咖啡制作过程的烹饪工作流系统。护理人员能够使用该烹饪工作流程系统远程指导患有痴呆症的老年人。设计了一个基于多摄像头的视觉监控系统,以方便观察厨房中的烹饪物体和老年痴呆症患者的烹饪情况,并采用音频和图像辅助方式向老年痴呆症患者提供指导。将智能厨房环境具体化为一个智能厨房原型,这个原型肯定了智能厨房环境的可行性,也揭示了需要进一步改进的地方。
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引用次数: 10
A study of anticipatory non-autonomous systems 预见性非自治系统的研究
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765456
Y. Hayashi, M. C. Spencer, S. Nasuto
Rhythms are manifested ubiquitously in dynamical biological processes. These fundamental processes which are necessary for the survival of living organisms include metabolism, breathing, heart beat, and, above all, the circadian rhythm coupled to the diurnal cycle. Thus, in mathematical biology, biological processes are often represented as linear or nonlinear oscillators. In the framework of nonlinear and dissipative systems (ie. the flow of energy, substances, or sensory information), they generate stable internal oscillations as a response to environmental input and, in turn, utilise such output as a means of coupling with the environment.
节奏在动态的生物过程中无处不在。生物体生存所必需的基本过程包括新陈代谢、呼吸、心跳,最重要的是与昼夜周期相结合的昼夜节律。因此,在数学生物学中,生物过程通常被表示为线性或非线性振荡器。在非线性和耗散系统(即。能量、物质或感官信息的流动),它们产生稳定的内部振荡,作为对环境输入的响应,反过来,利用这种输出作为与环境耦合的手段。
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引用次数: 2
∗AIDA declarations supporting program compactness 支持程序紧凑性的AIDA声明
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765501
Y. Watanobe, N. Mirenkov
*AIDA (Star-AIDA) is a programming (modeling) language for programming in pictures. The pictures play a role of algorithmic super-characters and their compositions can be considered as compound pictures and as "super-texts." A very-high level of the super-characters allows not only to essentially decrease the algorithm representation sizes, but also to increase understandability of algorithms. In addition to the level of the super-characters, important contributions to the compactness and understandability of *AIDA programs are related to forms of the picture compositions and displaying (visualizing) such compositions. These forms are based on folding/unfolding techniques, clarifying annotations, patterns for representing formulas, etc. In this paper, *AIDA declarations are considered and a special approach for manipulating with large-scale formulas and large number of variables is presented.
*AIDA (Star-AIDA)是一种用于图像编程的编程(建模)语言。这些图片起到了算法超级字符的作用,它们的构成可以看作是复合图片,是“超级文本”。一个非常高的超级字符级别不仅可以从本质上减少算法表示的大小,还可以增加算法的可理解性。除了超级人物的水平,对*AIDA程序的紧凑性和可理解性的重要贡献与图片组成的形式和显示(可视化)这些组成有关。这些表单基于折叠/展开技术、澄清注释、表示公式的模式等。本文考虑了*AIDA声明,并给出了一种处理大规模公式和大量变量的特殊方法。
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引用次数: 0
Recognition of character drawn on screen with laser pointer 用激光笔识别屏幕上绘制的字符
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765415
Shingo Watanabe, Jungpil Shin
This paper describes approaches to recognize character strings which are drawn with a laser pointer. The recognition algorithm used is based on Dynamic Programming (DP) matching. XY coordinate, directional vector Dynamic Positional Warping (DPW) is used as data. New Inter Stroke Information was also developed and used. The information can represents shape of character. Test data are obtained by following steps: 1) taking a movie which record drawing a character string with a laser pointer on screen; 2) binarization; 3) closing operation; 4) noise rejection; and 5) thinning process. Training data are recorded with a pen - tablet. This research focuses on the laser pointer process and enables to communicate with computer in a place whose color's brightness is low and improve technology using a camera.
本文描述了用激光笔绘制的字符串的识别方法。采用基于动态规划(DP)匹配的识别算法。使用XY坐标、方向矢量动态位置翘曲(DPW)作为数据。新的行程间信息也被开发和使用。这些信息可以代表人物的形状。测试数据通过以下步骤获得:1)拍摄电影,记录用激光笔在屏幕上绘制字符串;2)二值化;3)关闭操作;4)噪声抑制;5)减薄过程。训练数据是用笔式平板电脑记录的。本研究主要针对激光笔过程,实现在色彩亮度较低的地方与计算机通信,并利用摄像头改进技术。
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引用次数: 1
Hiding-type speech communication using ultrasonic carrier technology 基于超声载波技术的隐式语音通信
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765481
Li-Hong Juang, Ming-Ni Wu
A speech transmission method is presented to transmit an audible sound wave by an ultrasonic carrier frequency modulation with a characteristic of directional propagation. The modulated sound wave is propagated with the ultrasonic carrier to the appointed position, and then the original speech will be produced after getting rid of the ultrasonic carrier, thereby achieving the objective of speech transmission in a selected orientation due to ultrasonic high directionality meanwhile it can hide the communication voice data during its transmission.
提出了一种通过具有定向传播特性的超声载波频率调制传输可听声波的语音传输方法。调制后的声波随超声载体传播到指定位置,去除超声载体后产生原始语音,利用超声的高方向性实现了语音在选定方向上传输的目的,同时可以隐藏传输过程中的通信语音数据。
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引用次数: 0
A low complexity detection for the binary MIMO system using Lagrange multipliers 基于拉格朗日乘法器的二进制MIMO系统低复杂度检测
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765489
Wenlong Liu, Nana Sun, Minglu Jin, Shuxue Ding
Maximum-likelihood (ML) detection for binary Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems can be posed as a binary quadratic programming (BQP) which belongs to a nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problem in general. In this paper, we translate the binary constraints of BQP into the equivalent quadratic equality constraints and employ the Lagrange multipliers method to deal these equivalent constraints. We derive the relation among the Lagrange multiplier, transmitting signal and noise. Since both transmitting signal and noise are unknown, it is impossible to solve the Lagrange multipliers exactly. However, in this paper, an estimation method is proposed to obtain the approximations of the Lagrange multipliers with low computational complexity. Numerical experiments show that the performance of the proposed method is very near to that of the ML detection.
二元多输入-多输出(MIMO)系统的最大似然(ML)检测通常可以归结为一个二元二次规划(BQP)问题,它属于一个非确定性多项式-时间困难(NP-hard)问题。本文将BQP的二元约束转化为等价的二次等式约束,并利用拉格朗日乘子法处理这些等价约束。导出了拉格朗日乘子与发射信号和噪声之间的关系。由于发射信号和噪声都是未知的,所以不可能精确地解出拉格朗日乘子。然而,本文提出了一种计算复杂度较低的拉格朗日乘子近似的估计方法。数值实验表明,该方法的性能与机器学习检测非常接近。
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引用次数: 1
Task management strategies for automatic task generation and verification 用于自动任务生成和验证的任务管理策略
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765510
Kazuma Abe, Ruth Cortez, A. Vazhenin
In this research, we propose a strategy to support automatic task generation and verification for subjects that require handling mathematical formulas. The importance of supporting automatic problem generation is to reduce the teacher's efforts and to personalize e-learning tasks for students enforcing their understanding of a subject. Also, the automatic verification strategy provides immediate feedback. Our approach is based on a standardization of learning tasks by providing a formal definition of the structure of a learning activity. As e-Learning platforms are evolving towards service-orientation, we prototype our strategy by developing an e-Learning component that can be used as a stand-alone application, or its logic can be exposed as a set of services for external applications.
在这项研究中,我们提出了一种策略来支持需要处理数学公式的主题的自动任务生成和验证。支持自动问题生成的重要性在于减少教师的努力,并为学生提供个性化的电子学习任务,以加强他们对主题的理解。此外,自动验证策略提供即时反馈。我们的方法是通过提供学习活动结构的正式定义来标准化学习任务。随着电子学习平台向面向服务的方向发展,我们通过开发可作为独立应用程序使用的电子学习组件,或者将其逻辑公开为外部应用程序的一组服务,从而对我们的策略进行原型化。
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引用次数: 2
Data visualization in ∗AIDA programming language * AIDA程式语言之资料显示
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765470
K. Nakayama, Y. Watanobe
This paper presents implementation of data visualization functions and the corresponding interfaces for *AIDA *AIDA is a programming/modeling language representing algorithms by pictures and moving pictures. *AIDA and its modeling environment visualize methods (algorithms) as well as output results. Libraries of the functions enable *AIDA users to visualize their computational result based on various methods of visualization. One of important features of the interfaces is that the functions analyze the corresponding data (variables) and automatically select appropriate visualization methods. The prototypes of the libraries and interfaces have been developed based on JavaScript and HTML5. The libraries include not only basic methods such as bars, pies, lines, but also particular methods including chords, meshes, and other space structures such as graphs. The proposed visualization interfaces have been integrated into the *AIDA programing environment. The libraries give *AIDA users cognitive enhancement and increase understandability of the corresponding models, simulations, and algorithms.
本文介绍了*AIDA的数据可视化功能的实现和相应的接口*AIDA是一种用图片和动态图片表示算法的编程/建模语言。*AIDA及其建模环境可视化方法(算法)以及输出结果。函数库使*AIDA用户能够基于各种可视化方法将其计算结果可视化。接口的一个重要特征是函数分析相应的数据(变量)并自动选择合适的可视化方法。库和接口的原型是基于JavaScript和HTML5开发的。这些库不仅包括基本的方法,如条形、饼形、线条,还包括特殊的方法,如和弦、网格和其他空间结构,如图形。所提出的可视化界面已集成到*AIDA编程环境中。这些库为*AIDA用户提供了认知增强功能,并增加了对相应模型、仿真和算法的可理解性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
炎黄地理
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