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Factored language modeling for Russian LVCSR 俄语LVCSR的因子语言建模
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765434
Daria Vazhenina, K. Markov
The Russian language is characterized by very flexible word order, which limits the ability of the standard n-grams to capture important regularities in the data. Moreover, Russian is highly inflectional language with rich morphology, which leads to high out-of-vocabulary word rates. Recently factored language model (FLM) was proposed with the aim of addressing the problems of morphologically rich languages. In this paper, we describe our implementation of the FLM for the Russian language automatic speech recognition (ASR). We investigated the effect of different factors, and propose a strategy to find the best factor set and back-off path. Evaluation experiments showed that FLM can decrease the perplexity as much as 20%. This allows to achieve 4.0% word error rate (WER) relative reduction, which further increases to 6.9% when FLM is interpolated with the conventional 3-gram LM.
俄语的特点是非常灵活的词序,这限制了标准n-gram捕捉数据中重要规律的能力。此外,俄语是一种高度屈折的语言,词形丰富,导致词汇外率很高。因子语言模型(FLM)是近年来提出的一种用于解决形态丰富语言问题的语言模型。在本文中,我们描述了FLM在俄语自动语音识别(ASR)中的实现。研究了不同因素的影响,提出了寻找最佳因素集和退出路径的策略。评价实验表明,FLM可使模糊度降低20%。这允许实现4.0%的单词错误率(WER)相对降低,当FLM与传统的3克LM插值时,错误率进一步增加到6.9%。
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引用次数: 5
Analyzing the influence of mobile social communities on data dissemination in delay-tolerant networks 延迟容忍网络中移动社交社区对数据传播的影响分析
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765525
Chih-Lin Hu, Pin-chun Chiu
The study of data dissemination with social relationship in delay-tolerant networks can be significant from the perspective of technical novelty and performance. This paper adopts the time-variant community mobility model to formulate the relationship between user mobility and social community in delay-tolerant networks. With synthetic trace data of various user mobility and community patterns, simulation results show that the proposed model is able to interpret many characteristics of movement behavior and social community structure, accordingly, with a friendly graphic presentation. Therefore, the proposed analysis model can be applied to facilitate the design of social-based data dissemination mechanisms in delay-tolerant networks.
从技术新颖性和性能的角度来看,研究延迟容忍网络中具有社会关系的数据传播具有重要意义。本文采用时变社区移动性模型来建立容忍延迟网络中用户移动性与社会社区之间的关系。通过对各种用户移动和社区模式的综合跟踪数据进行仿真,结果表明该模型能够很好地解释移动行为和社会社区结构的许多特征,并具有友好的图形表示。因此,该分析模型可用于延迟容忍网络中基于社交的数据传播机制的设计。
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引用次数: 2
Smart mobile web browsing 智能手机网页浏览
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765523
Abdurhman Albasir, S. Naik, T. Abdunabi
Mobile web browsing is one of the most commonly used and wide-spread application (app) among smartphone apps. However, the complexity of web-pages is increasing especially if the web-pages are designed for desktop computers. The existence of advertisements (ads) in web-page leads to even higher complexity of the web-pages. This complexity in smartphone's environment where the resources are limited (e.g., battery and bandwidth) is reflected in longer loading time, more energy consumed, and more bytes transferred. In this paper, we classify the web contents into: (i) core information, and (ii) forced "unwanted" information, namely ads. Then, we evaluate resources used for web advertising. Based on the measurements of the cost of web advertising, we propose a framework for mobile browsing that adapts the web-pages delivered to the smartphone, based on the smartphone's current battery level and the network type. The adaptation of the web content is in the form of controlling the amount of ads to be displayed on the web-page. Our system aims to (i) extend smartphone battery life and (ii) preserve the bandwidth needed to download the web-pages while balancing the satisfaction of the publishers of web-pages as well as the end users.
手机网页浏览是智能手机应用中使用最广泛的应用之一。然而,网页的复杂性正在增加,特别是如果网页是为台式电脑设计的。网页中广告的存在使得网页的复杂性更高。这种复杂性在智能手机的环境中是有限的资源(例如,电池和带宽),反映在更长的加载时间,更多的能量消耗,更多的字节传输。在本文中,我们将网络内容分为:(i)核心信息和(ii)强制“不想要的”信息,即广告。然后,我们评估用于网络广告的资源。基于对网络广告成本的测量,我们提出了一个移动浏览框架,该框架根据智能手机当前的电池电量和网络类型,调整传递给智能手机的网页。网页内容的适应性表现为控制网页上显示的广告数量。我们的系统旨在(i)延长智能手机的电池寿命和(ii)保留下载网页所需的带宽,同时平衡网页发布者和最终用户的满意度。
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引用次数: 13
Abnormal action tracking using robot vision system 利用机器人视觉系统进行异常动作跟踪
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765480
Li-Hong Juang, Ming-Ni Wu
Nowadays medical technology makes the inevitable trend of an ageing population. So intelligent home care is an important direction of development of science and technology, in particular, elderly in-home safety management issues become more and more important. In this research, we propose a low of operation algorithm and use the triangular pattern rule, then can quickly detect abnormal movements of humanoid by the installation of a robot with camera vision at home that will be able to judge the abnormal movements of in-home elderly in real time. In this research, we will present a preliminary design and experimental results of abnormal movements from body posture that utilizes image pre-processing and three triangular-mass-central points to extract the characteristics. The result shows that the proposed method would adopt the few characteristic value and the accuracy can reach to 90% a single character posture. Furthermore the accuracy can be up to 100% when a continuous-time sampling criterion and support vector machine (SVM) classifier are taken.
如今,医疗技术使人口老龄化成为必然趋势。所以智能家居养老是科学技术发展的一个重要方向,特别是老年人居家安全管理问题变得越来越重要。在本研究中,我们提出了一种低阶运算算法,并利用三角模式规则,通过在家中安装具有摄像头视觉的机器人,可以快速检测出类人的异常动作,从而能够实时判断家中老年人的异常动作。在本研究中,我们将提出一种利用图像预处理和三个三角形质量中心点提取身体姿势异常运动特征的初步设计和实验结果。结果表明,该方法采用较少的特征值,单个字符姿态的准确率可达90%以上。当采用连续时间采样准则和支持向量机分类器时,准确率可达100%。
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引用次数: 0
Distributed MapReduce framework using distributed hash table 使用分布式哈希表的分布式MapReduce框架
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765487
Chuan-Feng Chiu, S. J. Hsu, S. Jan
In past years, Cloud computing is gained more attention in industry and academic area. The advance technologies are needed to match the demand of the development of cloud computing. MapReduce is one of the enabling technology. MapReduce is a programming model supporting parallel computation especially for data-intensive cloud computing applications. However, MapReduce needs a master node to coordinate the execution of the parallel computation. This may cause communication bottleneck and single point of failure error. Therefore, in this paper we propose a distributed MapReduce framework based on Distributed Hash Tables to support large scale cloud computing applications.
近年来,云计算在工业界和学术界受到越来越多的关注。需要先进的技术来适应云计算的发展需求。MapReduce是使能技术之一。MapReduce是一种支持并行计算的编程模型,特别适用于数据密集型云计算应用。然而,MapReduce需要一个主节点来协调并行计算的执行。这可能导致通信瓶颈和单点故障错误。因此,本文提出了一种基于分布式哈希表的分布式MapReduce框架,以支持大规模的云计算应用。
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引用次数: 5
The Modified parallelized file transfer protocol for multi-users 改进的多用户并行文件传输协议
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765531
Wei-Chen Lin, Jiun-Jian Liaw, Chiung-Ta Wu
File Transfer Protocol is the most popular file transfer standard. This FTP can let a computer system connect to the internet via a communication network, and it can also access the system resources from the internet. File server is being downloaded now by TCP/IP protocol, while before it was downloaded by signal server. Due to the limited flow control, the old method could not use download time efficiently. In order to solve the flow control problem, some researchers came up with a distributed file transfer method that can share the document with other users, thus allowing the shortest transfer time using neighboring servers. Although the distributed file transfer can reduce the file transfer time, it was not concerned with the quality of the transfer between two servers, and was inappropriate for file segmentation and transfer, so the file transfer could not attain the optimal transfer efficacy. Based on our research, we propose a new method called Distributed Parallelized File Transfer Protocol (DPFTP). This method is based on Parallelized File Transfer Protocol (P-FTP) and is beneficial to multi-users, as it utilizes server loading and reduces the download time.
文件传输协议是最流行的文件传输标准。这种FTP可以让计算机系统通过通信网络连接到internet,也可以从internet访问系统资源。文件服务器现在是通过TCP/IP协议下载,而以前是通过信号服务器下载。由于流量控制的限制,旧方法不能有效地利用下载时间。为了解决流量控制问题,一些研究人员提出了一种分布式文件传输方法,该方法可以与其他用户共享文档,从而允许使用相邻服务器以最短的时间传输文件。分布式文件传输虽然可以减少文件传输时间,但不考虑两台服务器之间的传输质量,也不适合文件分割和传输,因此文件传输无法达到最优的传输效果。在此基础上,提出了一种分布式并行文件传输协议(DPFTP)。该方法基于并行文件传输协议(P-FTP),有利于多用户,因为它利用了服务器加载并减少了下载时间。
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引用次数: 1
Localization mechanism with mobile reference node in grid-based wireless sensor networks 基于网格的无线传感器网络中移动参考节点定位机制
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765536
Chih-Hsiao Tsai, Yu-Jie Lin, Han-Ming Chang, Ying-Hong Wang
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are based on monitoring or managing the sensing area by using the location information with sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are sometimes random deployed, so they have to be aware to their location before starting their tasks. Most sensor nodes need hardware support or receive packets with location information to estimate their location, and this needs lots of time or costs, and may have a huge error. In this paper we present a localization mechanism in wireless sensor networks (MRN). This mechanism can cooperate with node localization algorithm and mobile reference node moving direction scheme. We use a mobile reference node with GPS to move to the whole environment, and we use RSSI and trilateration to estimate unknown nodes' location. We can obtain more unknown nodes location by mobile reference node moving scheme, and will decreases the energy consumption and average location error.
无线传感器网络是利用传感器节点的位置信息对感知区域进行监控或管理的网络。这些传感器节点有时是随机部署的,因此它们必须在开始执行任务之前了解自己的位置。大多数传感器节点需要硬件支持或接收带有位置信息的数据包来估计其位置,这需要大量的时间或成本,并且可能存在巨大的误差。本文提出了一种无线传感器网络(MRN)定位机制。该机制可以配合节点定位算法和移动参考节点移动方向方案。我们使用带有GPS的移动参考节点移动到整个环境,并使用RSSI和三边测量来估计未知节点的位置。通过移动参考节点移动方案可以获得更多的未知节点位置,降低了能量消耗和平均定位误差。
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引用次数: 0
Design and implementation of server cluster dynamic load balancing based on OpenFlow 基于OpenFlow的服务器集群动态负载均衡的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765526
Zhihao Shang, Wenbo Chen, Q. Ma, Bin Wu
Nowadays, the Internet is flooded with huge traffic, many applications have millions users, a single server is difficult to bear a large number of clients' access, so many application providers will put several servers as a computing unit to provide support for a specific application, usually people will use distributed computing, load balancing technology to complete the work. A typical load balancing technique is to use a dedicated load balancer to forward the client requests to different servers, this technique requires dedicated hardware support, the hardware is expensive, lacks of flexibility and is easy to become a single point failure. There will be a new solution for load balancing with OpenFlow proposed., this paper mainly studies dynamic load balancing technology in the OpenFlow environment, the Controller collected the server running status through the SNMP protocol, and calculated the aggregated load of the severs according to dynamic load balancing scheduling algorithm, the OpenFlow switch will forward the client's request to the server whose aggregated load is smallest, thus minimize the response time of the web server. In the OpenFlow network environment, using this method can brings high flexibility without additional equipment.
如今,互联网上充斥着巨大的流量,许多应用程序都有数百万用户,单个服务器很难承担大量客户端的访问,因此许多应用程序提供商会把几台服务器作为一个计算单元来为特定的应用程序提供支持,通常人们会使用分布式计算、负载均衡技术来完成这项工作。典型的负载均衡技术是使用专用的负载均衡器将客户端请求转发到不同的服务器,这种技术需要专用的硬件支持,硬件价格昂贵,缺乏灵活性,容易成为单点故障。OpenFlow将提出一个新的负载平衡解决方案。,本文主要研究OpenFlow环境下的动态负载均衡技术,控制器通过SNMP协议采集服务器运行状态,并根据动态负载均衡调度算法计算服务器的聚合负载,OpenFlow交换机将客户端的请求转发到聚合负载最小的服务器,从而使web服务器的响应时间最小化。在OpenFlow网络环境下,使用这种方法可以带来很高的灵活性,而不需要额外的设备。
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引用次数: 35
Improve vertical sweet-spot of 3-D sound system by loudspeaker arrays 利用扬声器阵列改善三维音响系统的垂直甜蜜点
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765430
Akira Saji, K. Tanno, Jie Huang
Recently, we have proposed a 3-D sound system using horizontal arrange loudspeakers by combine the effect of HRTF and the amplitude panning method. In that system, loudspeakers are set at the height of subject's ear level and its sweet-spot is limited by the height of loudspeakers. When listener's ear level is different with loudspeakers, it will cause difficulty of sound localization or breakdown of sound localization. However, it is difficult to adjust properly both the height of loudspeakers and subject's ear level every time. In this paper, we aimed to improve the robustness of the 3-D sound system using vertical loudspeakers array. As a result of experiments, we verify that the loudspeaker arrays can improve the robustness of the 3-D sound system.
最近,我们提出了一种结合HRTF效应和振幅平移法的水平排列扬声器的三维音响系统。在该系统中,扬声器被设置在受试者耳朵的高度,其最佳点受扬声器高度的限制。当听者的耳位与扬声器不同时,会造成声音定位困难或声音定位失效。然而,每次都要适当调整扬声器的高度和受试者的耳位是很困难的。在本文中,我们旨在利用垂直扬声器阵列来提高三维音响系统的鲁棒性。通过实验,我们验证了扬声器阵列可以提高三维音响系统的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Multimodal soft biometrie verification by hand shape and handwriting motion in the air 多模态软生物特征验证的手形状和手写运动在空气中
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICAWST.2013.6765417
A. Takeuchi, Y. Manabe, K. Sugawara
In the last decade, soft biometric traits have emerged as more convenient and non-intrusive alternatives for person authentication task. However a soft biometric trait cannot be a main feature for person authentication because it lacks distinctiveness compared with fingerprint, palm vein pattern and so on. Therefore this study proposes a person verification method integrating handwriting motion in the air and a shape of a hand, which can be successively measured by a device (RGB and depth camera). As the result of person verification experiment for 10 subjects, we obtained a good verification performance that FAR is 2% when FRR is 0%.
在过去的十年中,软生物特征已经成为更方便和非侵入性的身份验证任务的替代方案。然而,与指纹、掌纹等相比,软生物特征缺乏显著性,不能作为身份认证的主要特征。因此,本研究提出了一种将手写在空中的运动与手的形状相结合的人的验证方法,可以通过一个设备(RGB和深度相机)依次测量。通过对10个被试的人身验证实验,我们获得了在FRR为0%时FAR为2%的良好验证性能。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
炎黄地理
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