Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica最新文献

Spontaneous Raman microscopy, which can detect molecular vibrations in cells and tissues, could be a useful tool for the label-free assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is unclear whether it can be used to evaluate the nascent state of NAFLD. To address this, we analyzed the Raman spectra of rat liver tissues in the nascent state of NAFLD upon excitation at 532 nm. Raman and histochemical analyses were performed of liver tissues from rats fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). Raman microscopic imaging analysis of formalin-fixed thin tissue slices showed hepatic steatosis, as revealed by the Raman band at 2,854 cm^-1, whereas lipid droplets were not detectable by hematoxylin-eosin staining of images until 3 days after feeding a HFHCD. Raman signals of retinol at 1,588 cm^-1 emitted from hepatic stellate cells were distributed alongside hepatic cords; the retinol content rapidly decreased after feeding a HFHCD, whereas hepatic lipid content increased inversely. Raman microscopic analysis of the surface of fresh ex vivo livers enabled early detection of lipid accumulation after a 1-day feeding a HFHCD. In conclusion, spontaneous Raman microscopy can be applied to the label-free evaluation of the nascent state of NAFLD liver tissues.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of fertile females. It has been reported that stevia leaf extract (SLE) has antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties. Therefore, the current study hypothesized and investigated the role and mechanistic aspects of a natural sweetener; SLE in treating a rat model of letrozole-induced PCOS and to compare it with metformin. Thirty-five female Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups: control, PCOS-induced group (letrozole, 1 mg/kg/d, for 21 days), SLE, metformin, and combination-treated groups (300 mg/kg/d, for the next 28 days in SLE and metformin-treated groups). Vaginal smears were done. The levels of glucose, lipid, and hormonal profiles were measured in the serum meanwhile, malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured in the ovary. Ovarian sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, and immunohistochemical identification of VEGF and TGF-β followed by morphometric analysis. PCOS rats showed altered hormonal and lipid profiles, in addition to hyperglycemia. Also, the ovarian tissue levels of MDA and TNF-α were elevated, and SOD was decreased. Numerous cystic follicles, decrease/absence of corpora lutea, interstitial fibrosis with positive VEGF and TGF-β immunoreactivity were evident. SLE improved all altered parameters. SLE showed potential therapeutic merits in letrozole-induced PCOS via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, and angiogenesis regulating mechanisms. Its effects were almost comparable to metformin, and the combination of both has no further synergistic effect.

This study was conducted to reveal the reversibility of subtype of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and Paneth cells after H. pylori eradication (HPE). Among 75 patients, we retrospectively examined the proportions of patients with complete type of IM (CIM), incomplete type of IM (IIM) and Paneth cells in their biopsy specimens obtained from the greater curvature of the antrum (A2) and the greater curvature of the middle corpus (B2) before and during a follow-up period of 10 years after HPE. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine IM type. Compared to before HPE, the proportion of patients with CIM did not decrease significantly during the 10-year follow-up after HPE both in A2 (32% vs. 21.3%, P = 0.13) and in B2 (6.7% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.60). IIM rates in A2 was significantly lower during this time (26.7% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.04), whereas no patients showed IIM in B2 before HPE. The proportion of patients with Paneth cells decreased significantly in A2 after 3, 8, and 9 years of HPE and in B2 after 4, 6 and 9 years of HPE (P < 0.05 for all). Thus, IIM and Paneth cells regressed during a period of 10 years after HPE.

In Myanmar, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly seen in young adult and associated with poor prognosis, while the molecular mechanisms that characterize HCC in Myanmar are unknown. As co-activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and c-Myc (Myc) are reported to associate with malignancy of HCC, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression of Pygo2 and Bcl9, the co-activators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Myc and PCNA in 60 cases of Myanmar HCC. Pygo2 expression was confirmed by in situ hybridization. The signal intensity was measured by image analyzer and then statistically analyzed. As a result, the expression of Pygo2 was significantly higher in HCC compared to normal liver tissue and the nuclear signal was the most intense in poorly differentiated HCC. Cytoplasmic Bcl9 was expressed in the normal liver tissue but decreased in HCC with the progression of histopathological grade. Myc was significantly higher in poorly differentiated HCC, whereas PCNA labeling index increased with the progression of histopathological grade. Nuclear Pygo2 showed strong correlation with nuclear Myc (P < 0.01) and PCNA (P < 0.001), and inversely correlated with cytoplasmic Bcl9 (P < 0.01). Our results suggested Wnt/β-catenin and Myc signaling is commonly activated in Myanmar HCC and that the correlative upregulation of nuclear Pygo2 and Myc characterizes the malignant features of HCC in Myanmar.

The therapeutic strategy is determined by protein expression using immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues. However, few proteins function independently, and many of them functions due to protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with other proteins. Therefore, it is important to focus on PPIs. This review summarizes the PPIs of ER and HER2 in breast cancer, especially those using a proximity ligation assay that can visualize PPIs in FFPE tissues. In particular, assessing the interaction of CEACAM6 with HER2 may serve as a surrogate marker for the efficacy of trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, in this review, the technique used to detect the interaction of CEACAM6 and HER2 in routinely processed pathological specimens will be applied to the clinical practice of drug selection. We showed the possibility as a novel pathological examination method using PPIs.