Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

Twisted Intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)-based fluorescent probes are crucial in chemical sensing due to their sensitivity and specificity. These probes undergo conformational changes upon interacting with target analytes, resulting in measurable fluorescence responses. Their environment-dependent emission characteristics make them ideal for detecting variations in solvent polarity, microviscosity, and specific chemical species. Recent advances have expanded their applications to organic optoelectronics and non-linear optics. This review discusses the design principles, mechanisms, and applications of TICT-based probes, emphasizing their role in detecting cations, anions, and neutral molecules. We describe their advantages, such as fluorescence turn-on or turn-off responses and potential for ratiometric detection, which inherently corrects for interferences. Challenges in developing these probes, including fluorescence quantum yield and photostability, are also addressed. Potential directions for future research are highlighted, including the need for improved biocompatibility and multimodal imaging capabilities, with the aim of enhancing their utility in environmental monitoring, biomedical research, and clinical diagnostics.

Alkali metal-ion batteries (Li⁺/Na⁺/K⁺, AMIBs) are considered ideal choices for grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, issues such as insufficient structural stability of electrode materials and limited ion transport dynamics in electrolytes severely restrict their large-scale commercial applications. Notably, high-entropy design strategies characterized by four core effects—the high-entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, sluggish diffusion effect, and cocktail effect—have demonstrated remarkable transformative potential by synergistically enhancing the structural stability and ion/electron transport kinetics of materials, thereby significantly improving the electrochemical performance of AMIBs. In this review, we focus on the four core effects of high-entropy materials in AMIBs, highlighting their roles in enhancing the performance of cathode/anode materials, electrolytes, electrode/electrolyte interfaces, and full cells. We comprehensively summarize the current research progress and delve into advanced characterization techniques for high-entropy materials. In addition, this review offers a detailed summary of rational structural design strategies and fundamental guiding principles for high-entropy materials in efficient AMIBs. We hope that this review will inspire greater interest in the development of high-entropy AMIBs and pave the way for their future commercial applications.

CO₂ is an attractive C1 building block for the construction of valuable chemicals from the standpoint of global sustainability. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of diverse catalytic CO₂ fixations into organic compounds. Among various transformations, the synthesis of carboxylic acids with CO₂ through C–C bond formation is highly attractive due to the wide application of carboxylic acids in organic synthesis and industrial processes. The catalytic redox-neutral carboxylation of readily accessible starting materials with CO₂ leads to valuable carboxylic acids with high atom economy and selectivity. In this review, we summarize the development of redox-neutral carboxylation with CO₂ under different catalytic systems over the past two decades. The specifics are organized by the type of substrates reacting with CO₂, including catalytic carboxylation of C–X (X = Sn, B, Zn, Si) bonds, C–H bonds and unsaturated substrates. In addition, the remaining challenges and future avenues for investigation are also presented to guide continued exploration of this emerging field.

Tin-based halide perovskites are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional lead-based perovskites due to their lower bandgaps, decreased toxicity, and comparable chemical properties. These materials offer unique structural and functional benefits for optoelectronic applications and photovoltaics, particularly in their low-dimensional or layered (2D) forms. Recent advancements have improved the solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency of tin-based halide perovskites by relying on organic spacers to control crystallisation and stabilise the materials. The versatility of molecular compositions and structural tuning of layered tin halide perovskites makes them appealing for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. This review highlights the structural characteristics, synthetic methods, and properties of layered tin halide perovskites, providing a comprehensive overview and discussing future prospects for environmentally friendly perovskite photovoltaics.