Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

With evolutionary selection, a number of glycotransferases (GTs) and glycosidases (GAs) are expressed in human cells to biosynthesize human glycans. These biopolymers, including N-glycans, O-glycans and glycosaminoglycans, are synthetic products from the synergistic action of hundreds of GTs and GAs, and are thereby highly heterogeneous in nature. This results in ambiguity in the functional study of the human glycome with molecular precision. Recent literature has seen the rapid development of chemical glycoprobes for GTs and GAs in live cells and animals under various physiological and disease-relevant conditions, as well as the construction of glycosensor arrays consisting of fluorescently labelled human glycans to decipher their recognition patterns for biological targets (e.g. pathogens and cancer cells) assisted by dimension-reduction analyses. These studies have advanced basic glycobiological research as well as disease diagnosis and therapy. This tutorial review highlights a selection of examples relevant to this interdisciplinary research area and proposes future directions anticipated to make the functional decoding of the human glycome more effective, thus facilitating precision medicine.

Surface modification strategies exhibit superior interface control capability and functional scalability, which can not only protect the structure and performance stability but also endow the materials with new features. In particular, surface modification plays an important role in performance optimization of inorganic phosphor materials to improve their luminous efficacy, thermal stability, chemical resistance and compatibility. This strategy can promote a wide range of studies in light-emitting diodes, optical sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and biomedical imaging fields. Nevertheless, a profound understanding of the effects of surface modification on the structure and performance of phosphor materials is lacking. This review focuses on the recent advances in surface modification of the inorganic, organic, and organic–inorganic layer coatings of phosphor materials. The design principles, intrinsic structure variations, luminescence performance, underlying mechanisms and applications are comprehensively summarized. Notably, the relationship between interface engineering and luminescence optimization is proposed. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges faced by the coated phosphors in emerging fields and discuss the limitations of the current cladding technologies. This review provides new perspectives for the design of multifunctional phosphor materials with surface modification for advanced emerging platforms, and the proposed interface engineering mechanism offers theoretical guidelines for the performance manipulation of other functional materials.

Phytopathogenic bacteria are responsible for devastating agricultural losses globally. However, the chemical control of these pathogens is compromised by escalating resistance, environmental pollution, antibiotic resistance gene transfer, and a scarcity of validated antibacterial targets. To fill this gap, this review provides a critical and chemically-focused discussion of recent breakthroughs, aiming to bridge the gap between synthetic innovation, modern target discovery, and rational, data-driven design. Herein, we delineate emerging antibacterial compounds, emphasizing their structural diversity, structure–activity relationships, novel modes of action, and molecular targets. Furthermore, advanced methodologies for discovering and validating antibacterial targets are thoroughly examined, along with deep mechanistic insights. A forward-looking perspective on transformative approaches is also provided. This review aims to guide interdisciplinary efforts and stimulate the development of effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly next-generation phytobactericides by offering the analysis urgently required by the field.

Since the birth of quantum mechanics, there has been a long fascination of the role of quantum effects in the evolution of biological systems, which has inspired decoding quantum coherence effects in photosynthetic systems. In photosynthetic complexes, the pigments do not exist in isolation; they interact with their surrounding protein environment. However, the strength of this system–bath coupling can vary, and one must be careful in characterizing it (with many complexes actually in an intermediate coupling regime). This review will summarize the studies toward unraveling excitonic energy transfer in photosynthetic systems, examining the influence of electronic and vibronic coherence and system–bath interactions on transfer efficiency in photosynthetic protein complexes. The review first examines the absorption properties of chlorophylls and the structural organization of protein complexes, highlighting their role in facilitating ultrafast-energy and charge-transfer processes. It also introduces the principles of multidimensional coherent spectroscopy (a nonlinear four-wave-mixing technique) and related ultrafast spectroscopic methods, which provide key insights into these processes. We also discuss theoretical approaches and models (quantum master equations and other quantum dissipative models) used to simulate the evolution of electronic coherence in photosynthetic systems. Additionally, the review considers recent advancements in both natural and artificial photosynthetic systems, focusing on the critical role of system–bath interactions and dissipation in protein environments. These dynamics are shown to direct energy transfer effectively, overcoming the fragility of quantum coherence under physiological conditions.

The emergence of large-area electronics for the Internet of Things (IoT) necessitates the development of next-generation, lightweight, flexible, and energy-efficient devices. These devices demand high-throughput, low-cost production of reliable transistors and circuits seamlessly integrated into flexible substrates. The processability of organic semiconductor materials enables printing-based fabrication technologies, offering significant advantages over conventional semiconductors in terms of ease of processing, compatibility with flexible substrates, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Despite these advantages, reports on fully printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and their integrated circuits remain limited, and the pathway from partially printed to fully printed organic devices is not yet fully established. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various printing techniques and an overview of functional inks used in OTFT fabrication. We further present various methodologies from a chemistry perspective for optimizing channels, contacts, and dielectric interfaces to overcome performance limitations. Recent advancements in fully printed OTFTs and circuits are highlighted, underscoring the potential of these devices in flexible electronics. Finally, critical challenges—such as achieving high electrical performance, improving printing resolution, and enhancing manufacturing efficiency—are debated, with a focus on how chemical innovations in material synthesis, interface engineering, and process chemistry will facilitate progress. Overcoming these hurdles through chemical optimization will accelerate the adoption of printed organic electronics in next-generation IoT applications.

Heterocyclic bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes have emerged as important scaffolds in contemporary drug design due to their rigid frameworks that enable the positioning of their subsituents along well defined vectors in chemical space. Offering much potential as alternative cores to traditional benzene rings, heterobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (HBCHexs) and heterobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (HBCHeps) in particular have attracted significant attention from the synthetic community. A plethora of methods have recently been developed to access these useful motifs, using both radical and polar strategies to forge the bicyclic system. This review discusses recent developments in the field, with a focus on mechanistic aspects, and those methodologies that show the most potential for general application.