Yuhang Dong, Jingping Wang, Ling Chen, Haonan Chen, Shuangbo Dang and Feng Li
Nucleic acid aptamers are oligonucleotide chains with molecular recognition properties. Compared with antibodies, aptamers show advantages given that they are readily produced via chemical synthesis and elicit minimal immunogenicity in biomedicine applications. Notably, aptamer-encoded nucleic acid assemblies further improve the binding affinity of aptamers with the targets due to their multivalent synergistic interactions. Specially, aptamers can be engineered with special topological arrangements in nucleic acid assemblies, which demonstrate spatial and valence matching towards antigens on viruses, thus showing potential in the detection and therapeutic applications of viruses. This review presents the recent progress on the aptamers explored for SARS-CoV-2 detection and infection treatment, wherein applications of aptamer-based assembly systems are introduced in detail. Screening methods and chemical modification strategies for aptamers are comprehensively summarized, and the types of aptamers employed against different target domains of SARS-CoV-2 are illustrated. The evolution of aptamer-based assembly systems for the detection and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the construction principle and characteristics of aptamer-based DNA assemblies are demonstrated. The typically representative works are presented to demonstrate how to assemble aptamers rationally and elaborately for specific applications in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and neutralization. Finally, we provide deep insights into the current challenges and future perspectives towards aptamer-based nucleic acid assemblies for virus detection and neutralization in nanomedicine.
{"title":"Aptamer-based assembly systems for SARS-CoV-2 detection and therapeutics","authors":"Yuhang Dong, Jingping Wang, Ling Chen, Haonan Chen, Shuangbo Dang and Feng Li","doi":"10.1039/D3CS00774J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS00774J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nucleic acid aptamers are oligonucleotide chains with molecular recognition properties. Compared with antibodies, aptamers show advantages given that they are readily produced <em>via</em> chemical synthesis and elicit minimal immunogenicity in biomedicine applications. Notably, aptamer-encoded nucleic acid assemblies further improve the binding affinity of aptamers with the targets due to their multivalent synergistic interactions. Specially, aptamers can be engineered with special topological arrangements in nucleic acid assemblies, which demonstrate spatial and valence matching towards antigens on viruses, thus showing potential in the detection and therapeutic applications of viruses. This review presents the recent progress on the aptamers explored for SARS-CoV-2 detection and infection treatment, wherein applications of aptamer-based assembly systems are introduced in detail. Screening methods and chemical modification strategies for aptamers are comprehensively summarized, and the types of aptamers employed against different target domains of SARS-CoV-2 are illustrated. The evolution of aptamer-based assembly systems for the detection and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the construction principle and characteristics of aptamer-based DNA assemblies are demonstrated. The typically representative works are presented to demonstrate how to assemble aptamers rationally and elaborately for specific applications in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and neutralization. Finally, we provide deep insights into the current challenges and future perspectives towards aptamer-based nucleic acid assemblies for virus detection and neutralization in nanomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peifeng Mei, Zibin Ma, Yu Chen, Yue Wu, Wei Hao, Qing-Hua Fan and Wen-Xiong Zhang
Chiral 1,2-bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (Ph-BPE) is a class of optimal organic bisphosphine ligands with C2-symmetry. Ph-BPE with its excellent catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists with increasing popularity and is growing into one of the most commonly used organophosphorus ligands, especially in asymmetric catalysis. Over two hundred examples have been reported since 2012. This review presents how Ph-BPE is utilized in asymmetric synthesis and how powerful it is as a chiral ligand or even a catalyst in a wide range of reactions including applications in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules.
{"title":"Chiral bisphosphine Ph-BPE ligand: a rising star in asymmetric synthesis","authors":"Peifeng Mei, Zibin Ma, Yu Chen, Yue Wu, Wei Hao, Qing-Hua Fan and Wen-Xiong Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D3CS00028A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS00028A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chiral 1,2-bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (<strong>Ph-BPE</strong>) is a class of optimal organic bisphosphine ligands with <em>C</em><small><sub>2</sub></small>-symmetry. <strong>Ph-BPE</strong> with its excellent catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists with increasing popularity and is growing into one of the most commonly used organophosphorus ligands, especially in asymmetric catalysis. Over two hundred examples have been reported since 2012. This review presents how <strong>Ph-BPE</strong> is utilized in asymmetric synthesis and how powerful it is as a chiral ligand or even a catalyst in a wide range of reactions including applications in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Ji, Kuaikuai Duan, Menglong Li, Zhiyuan Wang, Xiang Meng, Yueteng Zhang and Wei Wang
Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field has evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance of photocatalysis and expansion of the activation mode, the last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical dearomatization methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications of dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient and useful tools for facile construction of highly complex structures, which are viable for natural product synthesis and drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based on the degree of skeletal alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization and skeletal editing, and to highlight their synthetic utilities.
{"title":"Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics","authors":"Peng Ji, Kuaikuai Duan, Menglong Li, Zhiyuan Wang, Xiang Meng, Yueteng Zhang and Wei Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00137K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00137K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field has evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance of photocatalysis and expansion of the activation mode, the last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical dearomatization methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications of dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient and useful tools for facile construction of highly complex structures, which are viable for natural product synthesis and drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based on the degree of skeletal alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization and skeletal editing, and to highlight their synthetic utilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs00137k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mian He, Chaopeng Hu, Rui Wei, Xin-Feng Wang and Liu Leo Liu
Correction for ‘Recent advances in the chemistry of isolable carbene analogues with group 13–15 elements’ by Mian He et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CS00784G.
对 Mian He 等人撰写的 "Recent advances in the chemistry of isolable carbene analogues with group 13-15 elements "的更正,Chem.Soc. Rev., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CS00784G。
{"title":"Correction: Recent advances in the chemistry of isolable carbene analogues with group 13–15 elements","authors":"Mian He, Chaopeng Hu, Rui Wei, Xin-Feng Wang and Liu Leo Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4CS90021A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS90021A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Recent advances in the chemistry of isolable carbene analogues with group 13–15 elements’ by Mian He <em>et al.</em>, <em>Chem. Soc. Rev.</em>, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CS00784G.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs90021a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals that can expand the spectral range of laser outputs have attracted significant attention for their optoelectronic applications. The research progress from the discovery of new single crystal structures to the realization of final device applications involves many key steps and is very time consuming and challenging. Consequently, exploring efficient design strategies to shorten the research period and accelerate the rational design of novel NLO materials has become imperative to address the pressing demand for advanced materials. The recent shift in paradigm toward exploring new NLO crystals involves significant progress from extensive “trial and error” methodologies to strategic approaches. This review proposes the concept of rational structure design for nonlinear optical crystals leveraging advantageous templates. It further discusses their optical characteristics, promising applications as second-order NLO materials, and the relationship between their structure and performance, and highlights urgent issues that need to be addressed in the field of NLO crystals in the future. The review aims to provide ideas and driving impetus to encourage researchers to achieve new breakthroughs in the next generation of NLO materials.
{"title":"Recent advances in rational structure design for nonlinear optical crystals: leveraging advantageous templates†","authors":"Ziting Yan, Jinbin Fan, Shilie Pan and Min Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D3CS01136D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS01136D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals that can expand the spectral range of laser outputs have attracted significant attention for their optoelectronic applications. The research progress from the discovery of new single crystal structures to the realization of final device applications involves many key steps and is very time consuming and challenging. Consequently, exploring efficient design strategies to shorten the research period and accelerate the rational design of novel NLO materials has become imperative to address the pressing demand for advanced materials. The recent shift in paradigm toward exploring new NLO crystals involves significant progress from extensive “trial and error” methodologies to strategic approaches. This review proposes the concept of rational structure design for nonlinear optical crystals leveraging advantageous templates. It further discusses their optical characteristics, promising applications as second-order NLO materials, and the relationship between their structure and performance, and highlights urgent issues that need to be addressed in the field of NLO crystals in the future. The review aims to provide ideas and driving impetus to encourage researchers to achieve new breakthroughs in the next generation of NLO materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saba Daliran, Ali Reza Oveisi, Chung-Wei Kung, Unal Sen, Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy, Cheng-Hsun Chuang, Mostafa Khajeh, Mustafa Erkartal and Joseph T. Hupp
Correction for ‘Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications’ by Saba Daliran et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs01057k.
更正 Saba Daliran 等人的文章 "Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications",Chem.Soc. Rev., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs01057k。
{"title":"Correction: Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications","authors":"Saba Daliran, Ali Reza Oveisi, Chung-Wei Kung, Unal Sen, Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy, Cheng-Hsun Chuang, Mostafa Khajeh, Mustafa Erkartal and Joseph T. Hupp","doi":"10.1039/D4CS90041C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS90041C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications’ by Saba Daliran <em>et al.</em>, <em>Chem. Soc. Rev.</em>, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs01057k.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs90041c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design and development of organic solid-state luminescent materials stand as crucial pillars within the realm of contemporary photofunctional materials. Overcoming challenges such as concentration quenching and achieving tailored luminescent properties necessitates a judicious approach to molecular structure design and the strategic utilization of diverse stimuli to modulate molecular packing patterns. Among the myriad candidates, α-cyanodiarylethenes (CAEs) emerge with distinctive solid-state luminescent attributes, capable of forming self-assembled packing structures with varying degrees of π–π stacking. This characteristic endows them with potential in the field of intelligent molecular responsive materials and optoelectronic devices. This tutorial review embarks on an exploration of design strategies geared towards attaining tunable solid-state emission through customized packing of CAEs. It explores the utilization of stimuli responses, including such as mechanical forces, light irradiation, solvent interactions, thermal influences, as well as the utilization of co-assembly methodologies. The overarching aim of this review is to provide a widely applicable platform fostering the flourishing development of modern organic photofunctional materials through integrating principles of molecular engineering, organic optoelectronics, and materials science.
{"title":"Recent advances in tunable solid-state emission based on α-cyanodiarylethenes: from molecular packing regulation to functional development","authors":"Xuan He and Peifa Wei","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00325J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00325J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The design and development of organic solid-state luminescent materials stand as crucial pillars within the realm of contemporary photofunctional materials. Overcoming challenges such as concentration quenching and achieving tailored luminescent properties necessitates a judicious approach to molecular structure design and the strategic utilization of diverse stimuli to modulate molecular packing patterns. Among the myriad candidates, α-cyanodiarylethenes (CAEs) emerge with distinctive solid-state luminescent attributes, capable of forming self-assembled packing structures with varying degrees of π–π stacking. This characteristic endows them with potential in the field of intelligent molecular responsive materials and optoelectronic devices. This tutorial review embarks on an exploration of design strategies geared towards attaining tunable solid-state emission through customized packing of CAEs. It explores the utilization of stimuli responses, including such as mechanical forces, light irradiation, solvent interactions, thermal influences, as well as the utilization of co-assembly methodologies. The overarching aim of this review is to provide a widely applicable platform fostering the flourishing development of modern organic photofunctional materials through integrating principles of molecular engineering, organic optoelectronics, and materials science.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Léa Guerassimoff, Marianne Ferrere, Amaury Bossion and Julien Nicolas
Polymer prodrugs are based on the covalent linkage of therapeutic molecules to a polymer structure which avoids the problems and limitations commonly encountered with traditional drug-loaded nanocarriers in which drugs are just physically entrapped (e.g., burst release, poor drug loadings). In the past few years, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have been extensively used to design tailor-made polymer prodrug nanocarriers. This synthesis strategy has received a lot of attention due to the possibility of fine tuning their structural parameters (e.g., polymer nature and macromolecular characteristics, linker nature, physico-chemical properties, functionalization, etc.), to achieve optimized drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. In particular, adjusting the nature of the drug–polymer linker has enabled the easy synthesis of stimuli-responsive polymer prodrugs for efficient spatiotemporal drug release. In this context, this review article will give an overview of the different stimuli-sensitive polymer prodrug structures designed by RDRP techniques, with a strong focus on the synthesis strategies, the macromolecular architectures and in particular the drug–polymer linker, which governs the drug release kinetics and eventually the therapeutic effect. Their biological evaluations will also be discussed.
{"title":"Stimuli-sensitive polymer prodrug nanocarriers by reversible-deactivation radical polymerization","authors":"Léa Guerassimoff, Marianne Ferrere, Amaury Bossion and Julien Nicolas","doi":"10.1039/D2CS01060G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D2CS01060G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymer prodrugs are based on the covalent linkage of therapeutic molecules to a polymer structure which avoids the problems and limitations commonly encountered with traditional drug-loaded nanocarriers in which drugs are just physically entrapped (<em>e.g.</em>, burst release, poor drug loadings). In the past few years, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have been extensively used to design tailor-made polymer prodrug nanocarriers. This synthesis strategy has received a lot of attention due to the possibility of fine tuning their structural parameters (<em>e.g.</em>, polymer nature and macromolecular characteristics, linker nature, physico-chemical properties, functionalization, <em>etc.</em>), to achieve optimized drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. In particular, adjusting the nature of the drug–polymer linker has enabled the easy synthesis of stimuli-responsive polymer prodrugs for efficient spatiotemporal drug release. In this context, this review article will give an overview of the different stimuli-sensitive polymer prodrug structures designed by RDRP techniques, with a strong focus on the synthesis strategies, the macromolecular architectures and in particular the drug–polymer linker, which governs the drug release kinetics and eventually the therapeutic effect. Their biological evaluations will also be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d2cs01060g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing-Hui Ling, Zhen-Chen Lou, Lei Zhang, Tongxia Jin, Wei-Tao Dou, Hai-Bo Yang and Lin Xu
A steady stream of material transport based on carriers and channels in living systems plays an extremely important role in normal life activities. Inspired by nature, researchers have extensively applied supramolecular cages in cargo transport because of their unique three-dimensional structures and excellent physicochemical properties. In this review, we will focus on the development of supramolecular cages as carriers and channels for cargo transport in abiotic and biological systems over the past fifteen years. In addition, we will discuss future challenges and potential applications of supramolecular cages in substance transport.
{"title":"Supramolecular cage-mediated cargo transport","authors":"Qing-Hui Ling, Zhen-Chen Lou, Lei Zhang, Tongxia Jin, Wei-Tao Dou, Hai-Bo Yang and Lin Xu","doi":"10.1039/D3CS01081C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS01081C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A steady stream of material transport based on carriers and channels in living systems plays an extremely important role in normal life activities. Inspired by nature, researchers have extensively applied supramolecular cages in cargo transport because of their unique three-dimensional structures and excellent physicochemical properties. In this review, we will focus on the development of supramolecular cages as carriers and channels for cargo transport in abiotic and biological systems over the past fifteen years. In addition, we will discuss future challenges and potential applications of supramolecular cages in substance transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141069789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (e.g. P4, As4, CO2, CO, H2, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of rac-lactide, L-lactide, DL-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.
{"title":"Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements","authors":"Ruksana Akhtar, Kumar Gaurav and Shabana Khan","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00101J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00101J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (<em>e.g.</em> P<small><sub>4</sub></small>, As<small><sub>4</sub></small>, CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>, CO, H<small><sub>2</sub></small>, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of <em>rac</em>-lactide, <small>L</small>-lactide, <small>DL</small>-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140953372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}