Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

Accurate detection of trace gases is essential across a wide spectrum of fields, including smart home technologies, healthcare diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and public safety. Chemiresistive sensors have emerged as highly attractive platforms owing to their real-time response, portability, and non-contact sensing capabilities. Metal–organic framework (MOF) films, renowned for their high crystallinity, tunable porosity, and versatile chemical functionalities, represent an ideal class of materials for next-generation gas sensors. Crucially, the dimensional architecture of MOF films, including thick films, two-dimensional (2D) thin films, and three-dimensional (3D) thin films, exerts a profound influence on their sensing behaviour. From a dimensionally engineering perspective, this review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in chemiresistive MOF-based thin films, encompassing breakthrough fabrication strategies and sensing applications. We begin by reviewing early MOF-based sensors primarily utilizing thick films of pre-synthesized (nano)crystals, focusing on the effects of intrinsic features (ligands, functional groups, defects, conductivity, noble metal doping, and heterojunctions) and external stimuli (e.g., thermal, light). We then emphasize the benefits of MOF 2D thin films, whose sub-nanometer thickness and ordered porosity promote rapid analyte diffusion and efficient charge transport, significantly enhancing sensitivity and response speed. Next, we cover advances in 3D MOF architectures, including films on patterned substrates and innate 3D structures, which improve active site accessibility and conduction efficiency. Such dimensional advancements contribute to chemiresistive sensors with ultra-high sensitivity, extremely low limits of detection, and fast response/recovery. Finally, we offer a forward-looking perspective on future challenges and strategies, such as machine learning-assisted discovery, sensor arrays, high-throughput screening, in situ characterization, and integrated signal processing. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how MOF thin films may revolutionize industrial applications by delivering tailored solutions for next-generation sensing technologies.

Halide perovskite nanocrystals (HPNCs) have excellent optoelectronic properties, but their applications are still limited by instability and lead toxicity. This review highlights significant advancements in enhancing the structural stability and photoelectrical properties of HPNCs through internal crystal stabilization and external protection. One approach involves internal lattice anchoring through ion doping and heterostructure construction strategies, while the other focuses on reducing the crystal surface defects and shielding from external environmental stimuli via core/shell structure and surface modifications. This review also emphasizes the key applications of stable HPNCs, including efficient optoelectronic devices and biological imaging using visible light and X-rays, while analyzing the impact of material composition, device structure, and other critical parameters on their performance and stability. Ion-doped and heterostructured HPNCs excel in photodetectors, surface-modified HPNCs are preferred for solar cells and LEDs, and core/shell HPNCs offer distinct advantages for biological applications. The most pressing challenges are standardizing testing parameters for HPNC material stability, device-level packaging, and developing lead-free HPNC systems to address the gaps in commercial applications of HPNCs. This review seeks to inspire innovative synthesis strategies for stable HPNCs and their derivatives, aiming to realize ultra-stable, efficient, non-toxic, and eco-friendly optoelectronic devices and biological detection or imaging applications.

Recent advancements in nanocarriers, particularly liposomes, have shown promising prospects for enhancing the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, liposome-based drug delivery systems are often constrained by high immunogenicity, poor targeting efficiency, and limited functional capabilities. In this context, the exploration of biomimetic liposomes has revealed their potential in targeted therapy, immune camouflage, immune modulation, gene delivery and vaccine development. By integrating the beneficial features of functional molecules and natural cell membrane components with the unique properties of liposomes, biomimetic liposomes have demonstrated considerable promise in drug delivery. This review aims to emphasize recent progress in biomimetic liposomes and systematically elucidate their design mechanisms and preparation methods. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of biomimetic liposomes as an innovative drug delivery platform, with the goal of advancing knowledge for their effective utilization.

Alkynes are indispensable chemical reagents in industry and academic laboratories, where they have been broadly exploited as practical building blocks in a wide array of synthetic methods by the incorporation of gold-catalysis under mild conditions. In the past two decades, remarkable progress in asymmetric alkyne transformations using gold complexes as ideal promoters for π-activation has been witnessed. However, the enantioselective conversion of non-functionalized or non-activated alkynes is still limited, and asymmetric multi-functionalization via cleavage of two π-bonds remains a challenge by using chiral gold-complex catalysis alone. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary for all of the major advances in gold-catalyzed enantioselective alkyne transformations. They are organized by the nature of the gold-associated key intermediates and corresponding chirality induction patterns, including gold carbene/carbenoid, Csp²–Au, and Csp³–Au species. Each section is subdivided by the reaction patterns or subsequent interception processes, and further classified by the chiral ligands employed or the catalytic methodology utilized. By placing particular emphasis on the structures and reactivities of these in situ formed gold-associated species, we hope that this review article will inspire the development of innovative synthetic methodologies through rational reaction design based on the understanding of the key intermediates and, also, provide dependable projections for the implement of appropriate asymmetric catalytic methods in alkyne transformations.

Organohalides are indispensable and widely used building blocks in organic synthesis and drug discovery due to their structural versatility, accessibility, and synthetic flexibility. The halogen atom transfer (XAT)-based strategy for generating carbon radicals from organohalides and further forming a variety of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds represents a powerful tool for constructing complex molecules. This approach overcomes the limitations posed by the highly negative potentials and high bond dissociation energies of organohalides, which enables the activation of inert carbon–halogen bonds under mild conditions, thus expanding the range and improving the tolerance of functional groups. In recent years, many photoredox-catalysed approaches have been reported, with advancements in energy transfer and electrochemistry leading to the development of mild methods for further functionalising organohalides and constructing complex molecules in the XAT process. This tutorial review summarises the recent advancements in research on XAT strategies for haloalkanes from the perspective of various relayed radicals such as aryl, alkyl, silyl, and boryl radicals. Detailed analysis of XAT processes of organohalides promoted by photocatalysis (energy transfer and electron donor–acceptor complex-mediated processes), electrocatalysis, and other catalytic processes is provided. Additionally, this review briefly discusses future research directions and development prospects in this field.

The crisis caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels—emissions of billions of tonnes of CO₂ and the accumulation of plastic waste—is imminent. Conventional disposal technologies, such as physical storage, face risks of leakage, capacity limitations, and secondary pollution (such as microplastics). In contrast, chemical recycling, especially thermal catalytic technology, is considered a key alternative solution due to its high resource recovery potential. However, its large-scale implementation remains hindered by the absence of efficient and durable catalysts. Rare earth-based catalysts, with their unique 4f/5d electronic structure and tunable coordination environments, demonstrate significant advantages in activating inert C–C/C–H bonds, promoting CO₂ adsorption and conversion, inhibiting coking and deactivation, and making them highly competitive for CO₂ hydrogenation and plastic catalytic conversion. Despite rapid progress, challenges related to cost, long-term stability, and mechanistic understanding persist, impeding their industrial application. This review systematically summarises the controlled synthesis and in situ characterisation methods of rare earth-based catalysts and thoroughly explores their applications, performance regulation mechanisms, and challenges in CO₂ hydrogenation and plastic recycling, aiming to provide insights for designing efficient, stable, and industrially scalable rare earth catalytic systems.

The human brain efficiently processes external information using ions as information carriers, inspiring the development of ionic brain-like intelligence. Central to such systems are neuromorphic iontronic devices (NIDs), including artificial axons, synapses, and neurons, which employ ions as charge carriers. Recently, NIDs based on soft ionic conductors (SICs), such as ionic hydrogels, ionogels, and ionic elastomers, have attracted growing attention due to their ionic compatibility, flexibility, biocompatibility, and facile fabrication and integration, making them promising candidates for next-generation neuromorphic technologies. Despite their potential, research remains in its infancy, with key challenges in elucidating fundamental mechanisms, establishing design principles, and realizing practical applications. To address these issues and guide future research, this review first introduces the functional roles and electrical signalling of axons, synapses, and neurons, thereby defining the performance requirements for NIDs. It then summarizes means for controlling ion transport in SICs and discusses feasible approaches for constructing SIC-based NIDs, including structural and interfacial engineering, device architectures, and dropletronic techniques. Finally, recent advances in SIC-based NIDs are reviewed, and their prospects in human–machine interaction and brain-like computing are discussed along with the remaining challenges.

Correction for ‘Organoantimony: a versatile main-group platform for pnictogen-bonding and redox catalysis’ by Elisa Chakraborty et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs00332a.

Adhesive hydrogels represent a transformative technology in biomedicine due to their biocompatibility and multifunctionality. While extensive research has focused on improving their adhesion strength, the pursuit of long-term interfacial stability reveals a core conflict: strong adhesion often comes at the expense of easy removal. Dynamically regulating hydrogel adhesion is thus key to personalized medicine, allowing adaptation to complex clinical needs. Designing such systems demands a multifaceted approach that considers the physiological environment, medical requirements, stimulus-induced interfacial rearrangements, and mechanics-driven microstructure reconstruction. The dynamic regulation of hydrogel adhesion is more than a functional upgrade; it represents a paradigm shift for smart materials, from “static design” to “dynamic interaction”. This review first introduces the mechanisms of hydrogel adhesion. It then provides an in-depth analysis of strategies for dynamically regulating adhesion at the tissue–hydrogel interface and explores the latest progress and application potential in biomedicine.