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Fuzzy Rules to Improve Traffic Light Decisions in Urban Roads 模糊规则改进城市道路红绿灯决策
Pub Date : 2018-05-07 DOI: 10.4236/jilsa.2018.102003
J. A. C. Rocha, S. I. Martínez, J. L. Menchaca, J. D. T. Villanueva, M. G. T. Berrones, J. P. Cobos, D. U. Agundis
Many researchers around the world are looking for developing techniques or technologies that cover traditional and recent constraints in urban traffic con-trol. Normally, such traffic devices are facing with a large scale of input data when they must to response in a reliable, suitable and fast way. Because of such statement, the paper is devoted to introduce a proposal for enhancing the traffic light decisions. The principal goal is that a semaphore can provide a correct and fluent vehicular mobility. However, the traditional semaphore operative ways are outdated. We present in a previous contribution the development of a methodology capable of improving the vehicular mobility by proposing a new green light interval based on road conditions with a CBR approach. However, this proposal should include whether it is needed to modify such light duration. To do this, the paper proposes the adaptation of a fuzzy inference system helping to decide when the semaphore should try to fix the green light interval according to specific road requirements. Some experiments are conducted in a simulated environment to evaluate the pertinence of implementing a decision-making before the CBR methodology. For example, using a fuzzy inference approach the decisions of the system improve almost 18% in a set of 10,000 experiments. Finally, some conclusions are drawn to emphasize the benefits of including this technique in a methodology to implement intelligent semaphores.
世界各地的许多研究人员都在寻找解决城市交通控制中传统和最新限制的技术或技术。通常,当这些流量设备必须以可靠、合适和快速的方式进行响应时,它们会面临大量的输入数据。正因为如此,本文专门介绍了一项加强红绿灯决策的建议。主要目标是信号灯可以提供正确和流畅的车辆机动性。然而,传统的信号量操作方式已经过时。我们在之前的一篇文章中介绍了一种方法的开发,该方法能够通过采用CBR方法基于道路状况提出新的绿灯间隔来提高车辆的机动性。然而,这一建议应包括是否需要修改这种光照持续时间。为此,本文提出了模糊推理系统的自适应性,以帮助决定信号灯何时应根据特定的道路要求固定绿灯间隔。在CBR方法之前,在模拟环境中进行了一些实验,以评估实施决策的针对性。例如,在一组10000个实验中,使用模糊推理方法,系统的决策提高了近18%。最后,得出了一些结论来强调将该技术纳入实现智能信号量的方法中的好处。
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引用次数: 2
Interval-Based Out-of-Order Event Processing in Intelligent Manufacturing 智能制造中基于区间的无序事件处理
Pub Date : 2018-05-07 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2018.102002
Chunjie Zhou, Pengfei Dai, Zhenxing Zhang, Tong Liu
Estimating the cycle time of each job over event streams in intelligent manufacturing is critical. These streams include many long-lasting events which have certain durations. The temporal relationships among those interval-based events are often complex. Meanwhile, network latencies and machine failures in intelligent manufacturing may cause events to be out-of-order. This topic has rarely been discussed because most existing methods do not consider both interval-based and out-of-order events. In this work, we analyze the preliminaries of event temporal semantics. A tree-plan model of interval-based out-of-order events is proposed. A hybrid solution is correspondingly introduced. Extensive experimental studies demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
在智能制造中,估算每个作业在事件流中的周期时间是至关重要的。这些流包括许多具有一定持续时间的持久事件。这些基于间隔的事件之间的时间关系通常是复杂的。同时,在智能制造中,网络延迟和机器故障可能导致事件无序。这个主题很少被讨论,因为大多数现有方法都不考虑基于间隔的事件和乱序事件。在这项工作中,我们初步分析了事件时间语义。提出了一种基于区间的乱序事件树规划模型。相应地介绍了一种混合解。大量的实验研究证明了我们方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
BioBroker: Knowledge Discovery Framework for Heterogeneous Biomedical Ontologies and Data BioBroker:异构生物医学本体和数据的知识发现框架
Pub Date : 2018-03-20 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2018.101001
F. Shen, Yugyung Lee
A large number of ontologies have been introduced by the biomedical community in recent years. Knowledge discovery for entity identification from ontology has become an important research area, and it is always interesting to discovery how associations are established to connect concepts in a single ontology or across multiple ontologies. However, due to the exponential growth of biomedical big data and their complicated associations, it becomes very challenging to detect key associations among entities in an inefficient dynamic manner. Therefore, there exists a gap between the increasing needs for association detection and large volume of biomedical ontologies. In this paper, to bridge this gap, we presented a knowledge discovery framework, the BioBroker, for grouping entities to facilitate the process of biomedical knowledge discovery in an intelligent way. Specifically, we developed an innovative knowledge discovery algorithm that combines a graph clustering method and an indexing technique to discovery knowledge patterns over a set of interlinked data sources in an efficient way. We have demonstrated capabilities of the BioBroker for query execution with a use case study on a subset of the Bio2RDF life science linked data.
近年来,生物医学界引入了大量的本体。基于本体的实体识别知识发现已成为一个重要的研究领域,如何建立关联来连接单个本体或多个本体中的概念一直是一个有趣的问题。然而,由于生物医学大数据的指数级增长及其复杂的关联,以低效的动态方式检测实体之间的关键关联变得非常具有挑战性。因此,不断增长的关联检测需求与大量的生物医学本体之间存在着差距。在本文中,为了弥补这一差距,我们提出了一个知识发现框架,BioBroker,用于分组实体,以智能的方式促进生物医学知识发现的过程。具体而言,我们开发了一种创新的知识发现算法,该算法将图聚类方法和索引技术相结合,以有效地发现一组相互关联的数据源上的知识模式。我们通过对Bio2RDF生命科学关联数据子集的用例研究演示了BioBroker在查询执行方面的功能。
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引用次数: 8
Application of Union of Fuzzy Automata on Target Tracking 模糊自动机联合在目标跟踪中的应用
Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2017.94005
Qing-E Wu, Zhenyu Han, Qinge Wu
For better applications of fuzzy automata on target tracking, this paper presents an associated method of fuzzy automata by discussing the relation between fuzzy automata. The equivalence is mainly discussed regarding these fuzzy automata. The target tracking based on the associated method of fuzzy automata is given. Moreover, the simulation result shows that the associated method is better than single fuzzy automaton relatively. The development of these researches in this paper in turn can quicken the applications of the fuzzy automata in various fields.
为了更好地将模糊自动机应用于目标跟踪,本文通过讨论模糊自动机之间的关系,提出了一种模糊自动机的关联方法。主要讨论了这些模糊自动机的等价性。给出了基于模糊自动机关联方法的目标跟踪方法。此外,仿真结果表明,关联方法比单一模糊自动机的性能要好。本文的这些研究的发展反过来又可以加快模糊自动机在各个领域的应用。
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引用次数: 0
A Minimal Subset of Features Using Feature Selection for Handwritten Digit Recognition 基于特征选择的手写数字识别最小特征子集
Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2017.94006
Areej Alsaafin, Ashraf Elnagar
Many systems of handwritten digit recognition built using the complete set of features in order to enhance the accuracy. However, these systems lagged in terms of time and memory. These two issues are very critical issues especially for real time applications. Therefore, using Feature Selection (FS) with suitable machine learning technique for digit recognition contributes to facilitate solving the issues of time and memory by minimizing the number of features used to train the model. This paper examines various FS methods with several classification techniques using MNIST dataset. In addition, models of different algorithms (i.e. linear, non-linear, ensemble, and deep learning) are implemented and compared in order to study their suitability for digit recognition. The objective of this study is to identify a subset of relevant features that provides at least the same accuracy as the complete set of features in addition to reducing the required time, computational complexity, and required storage for digit recognition. The experimental results proved that 60% of the complete set of features reduces the training time up to third of the required time using the complete set of features. Moreover, the classifiers trained using the proposed subset achieve the same accuracy as the classifiers trained using the complete set of features.
许多手写体数字识别系统都是利用全套特征建立起来的,以提高识别的准确性。然而,这些系统在时间和记忆方面都落后了。这两个问题是非常关键的问题,尤其是对于实时应用程序。因此,将特征选择(FS)与合适的机器学习技术一起用于数字识别,通过最小化用于训练模型的特征数量,有助于解决时间和记忆问题。本文使用MNIST数据集研究了各种FS方法和几种分类技术。此外,还实现并比较了不同算法(即线性、非线性、集成和深度学习)的模型,以研究它们对数字识别的适用性。本研究的目的是识别相关特征的子集,该子集除了减少数字识别所需的时间、计算复杂性和存储外,还提供至少与完整特征集相同的精度。实验结果证明,60%的完整特征集将训练时间减少到使用完整特征集所需时间的三分之一。此外,使用所提出的子集训练的分类器实现了与使用完整特征集训练的分类器相同的精度。
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引用次数: 13
Classification Based on Invariants of the Data Matrix 基于数据矩阵不变量的分类
Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2017.93004
V. Shats
The paper proposes a solution to the problem classification by calculating the sequence of matrices of feature indices that approximate invariants of the data matrix. Here the feature index is the index of interval for feature values, and the number of intervals is a parameter. Objects with the equal indices form granules, including information granules, which correspond to the objects of the training sample of a certain class. From the ratios of the information granules lengths, we obtain the frequency intervals of any feature that are the same for the appropriate objects of the control sample. Then, for an arbitrary object, we find object probability estimation in each class and then the class of object that corresponds to the maximum probability. For a sequence of the parameter values, we find a converging sequence of error rates. An additional effect is created by the parameters aimed at increasing the data variety and compressing rare data. The high accuracy and stability of the results obtained using this method have been confirmed for nine data set from the UCI repository. The proposed method has obvious advantages over existing ones due to the algorithm’s simplicity and universality, as well as the accuracy of the solutions.
本文通过计算特征指标的矩阵序列来解决问题的分类问题,这些矩阵近似于数据矩阵的不变量。这里,特征索引是特征值的间隔的索引,间隔的数量是一个参数。指数相等的对象形成颗粒,包括信息颗粒,它们对应于某一类的训练样本的对象。根据信息颗粒长度的比率,我们获得了任何特征的频率间隔,这些特征对于对照样本的适当对象是相同的。然后,对于任意对象,我们在每个类中找到对象概率估计,然后找到对应于最大概率的对象类。对于一个参数值序列,我们发现了一个收敛的误差率序列。旨在增加数据多样性和压缩稀有数据的参数产生了额外的效果。使用该方法获得的结果的高精度和稳定性已被来自UCI存储库的九个数据集所证实。由于算法的简单性、通用性以及解的准确性,所提出的方法与现有方法相比具有明显的优势。
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引用次数: 2
MCS HOG Features and SVM Based Handwritten Digit Recognition System 基于MCS HOG特征和SVM的手写数字识别系统
Pub Date : 2017-05-12 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2017.92003
H. A. Khan
Digit Recognition is an essential element of the process of scanning and converting documents into electronic format. In this work, a new Multiple-Cell Size (MCS) approach is being proposed for utilizing Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based classifier for efficient classification of Handwritten Digits. The HOG based technique is sensitive to the cell size selection used in the relevant feature extraction computations. Hence a new MCS approach has been used to perform HOG analysis and compute the HOG features. The system has been tested on the Benchmark MNIST Digit Database of handwritten digits and a classification accuracy of 99.36% has been achieved using an Independent Test set strategy. A Cross-Validation analysis of the classification system has also been performed using the 10-Fold Cross-Validation strategy and a 10-Fold classification accuracy of 99.26% has been obtained. The classification performance of the proposed system is superior to existing techniques using complex procedures since it has achieved at par or better results using simple operations in both the Feature Space and in the Classifier Space. The plots of the system’s Confusion Matrix and the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) show evidence of the superior performance of the proposed new MCS HOG and SVM based digit classification system.
数字识别是扫描文件并将其转换为电子格式过程中的一个重要元素。在这项工作中,提出了一种新的多单元大小(MCS)方法,用于利用面向梯度直方图(HOG)特征和基于支持向量机(SVM)的分类器对手写数字进行有效分类。基于HOG的技术对相关特征提取计算中使用的单元大小选择敏感。因此,已经使用了一种新的MCS方法来执行HOG分析并计算HOG特征。该系统已在手写数字的基准MNIST数字数据库上进行了测试,使用独立测试集策略实现了99.36%的分类准确率。还使用10倍交叉验证策略对分类系统进行了交叉验证分析,并获得了99.26%的10倍分类准确率。所提出的系统的分类性能优于使用复杂过程的现有技术,因为它在特征空间和分类器空间中使用简单操作都获得了同等或更好的结果。系统的混淆矩阵和接收器操作特性(ROC)的图显示了所提出的新的基于MCS HOG和SVM的数字分类系统的优越性能。
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引用次数: 17
Survey of Machine Learning Algorithms for Disease Diagnostic 疾病诊断机器学习算法研究综述
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2017.91001
M. Fatima, M. Pasha
In medical imaging, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is a rapidly growing dynamic area of research. In recent years, significant attempts are made for the enhancement of computer aided diagnosis applications because errors in medical diagnostic systems can result in seriously misleading medical treatments. Machine learning is important in Computer Aided Diagnosis. After using an easy equation, objects such as organs may not be indicated accurately. So, pattern recognition fundamentally involves learning from examples. In the field of bio-medical, pattern recognition and machine learning promise the improved accuracy of perception and diagnosis of disease. They also promote the objectivity of decision-making process. For the analysis of high-dimensional and multimodal bio-medical data, machine learning offers a worthy approach for making classy and automatic algorithms. This survey paper provides the comparative analysis of different machine learning algorithms for diagnosis of different diseases such as heart disease, diabetes disease, liver disease, dengue disease and hepatitis disease. It brings attention towards the suite of machine learning algorithms and tools that are used for the analysis of diseases and decision-making process accordingly.
在医学影像学中,计算机辅助诊断(CAD)是一个快速发展的动态研究领域。近年来,人们对增强计算机辅助诊断应用进行了重大尝试,因为医学诊断系统中的错误可能导致严重误导性的医学治疗。机器学习在计算机辅助诊断中非常重要。在使用简单的方程式后,器官等物体可能无法准确指示。因此,模式识别从根本上涉及到从实例中学习。在生物医学领域,模式识别和机器学习有望提高疾病感知和诊断的准确性。它们还促进决策过程的客观性。对于高维和多模式生物医学数据的分析,机器学习为制作经典和自动算法提供了一种有价值的方法。这篇调查论文对不同的机器学习算法进行了比较分析,用于诊断不同的疾病,如心脏病、糖尿病、肝病、登革热和肝炎。它引起了人们对用于疾病分析和相应决策过程的机器学习算法和工具套件的关注。
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引用次数: 458
Text-Based Intelligent Learning Emotion System 基于文本的智能学习情感系统
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2017.91002
M. A. Razek, C. Frasson
Nowadays, millions of users use many social media systems every day. These services produce massive messages, which play a vital role in the social networking paradigm. As we see, an intelligent learning emotion system is desperately needed for detecting emotion among these messages. This system could be suitable in understanding users’ feelings towards particular discussion. This paper proposes a text-based emotion recognition approach that uses personal text data to recognize user’s current emotion. The proposed approach applies Dominant Meaning Technique to recognize user’s emotion. The paper reports promising experiential results on the tested dataset based on the proposed algorithm.
如今,每天都有数百万用户使用各种社交媒体系统。这些服务产生大量的信息,在社交网络范式中起着至关重要的作用。正如我们所见,迫切需要一个智能学习情感系统来检测这些信息中的情感。该系统可以适合于理解用户对特定讨论的感受。本文提出了一种基于文本的情感识别方法,利用个人文本数据来识别用户当前的情感。该方法运用支配意义技术对用户情感进行识别。本文报告了基于该算法的测试数据集上令人满意的经验结果。
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引用次数: 15
Improved Term Weighting Technique for Automatic Web Page Classification 网页自动分类的改进词权加权技术
Pub Date : 2016-09-27 DOI: 10.4236/JILSA.2016.84006
Kathirvalavakumar Thangairulappan, Arun Kanagavel
Automatic web page classification has become inevitable for web directories due to the multitude of web pages in the World Wide Web. In this paper an improved Term Weighting technique is proposed for automatic and effective classification of web pages. The web documents are represented as set of features. The proposed method selects and extracts the most prominent features reducing the high dimensionality problem of classifier. The proper selection of features among the large set improves the performance of the classifier. The proposed algorithm is implemented and tested on a benchmarked dataset. The results show the better performance than most of the existing term weighting techniques.
由于万维网上的网页数量众多,网页自动分类已成为网络目录的必然选择。本文提出了一种改进的词权技术,用于网页的自动有效分类。web文档被表示为一组特性。该方法选择并提取最突出的特征,减少了分类器的高维问题。在大集合中正确选择特征可以提高分类器的性能。该算法在一个基准数据集上进行了实现和测试。结果表明,该方法比大多数现有的术语加权技术具有更好的性能。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
智能学习系统与应用(英文)
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