Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1177/24723444221136621
Xingyu Wen, Jing Zhang, Mincheol Whang
Emotional design can produce resonance with consumers, guide user behavior through positive emotions, and improve product awareness. This article aims to explore a method of bra emotional design that can give users a pleasant experience. First, emotional words are collected and then ordered in the coordinate system using the semantic correlation between emotions and the method of statistics for circular series. As a result, the affect model is established with two pairs of opposite emotions, relaxed–excited and disappointed–enjoying, in the vertical and horizontal directions and other four emotions, namely joyful, accepted, boredom, and disgust, in the diagonal direction. Then, 89 bra design features are analyzed through subjective evaluations. Compared with emotions stimulated by the functionality and aesthetics of bras, emotions only visually induced by bra design features range on a smaller scale and are mostly located in the upper right of the emotion model without extremely negative emotions. Finally, we design a loving bra using bra design features which are highly related to the emotional experience of love. The prospect of this study is to explore the feasibility of bra emotional design and pave the way for emotion recognition in fashion consumption.
{"title":"Bra Emotional Design Based on Emotion Model and Design Features","authors":"Xingyu Wen, Jing Zhang, Mincheol Whang","doi":"10.1177/24723444221136621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221136621","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional design can produce resonance with consumers, guide user behavior through positive emotions, and improve product awareness. This article aims to explore a method of bra emotional design that can give users a pleasant experience. First, emotional words are collected and then ordered in the coordinate system using the semantic correlation between emotions and the method of statistics for circular series. As a result, the affect model is established with two pairs of opposite emotions, relaxed–excited and disappointed–enjoying, in the vertical and horizontal directions and other four emotions, namely joyful, accepted, boredom, and disgust, in the diagonal direction. Then, 89 bra design features are analyzed through subjective evaluations. Compared with emotions stimulated by the functionality and aesthetics of bras, emotions only visually induced by bra design features range on a smaller scale and are mostly located in the upper right of the emotion model without extremely negative emotions. Finally, we design a loving bra using bra design features which are highly related to the emotional experience of love. The prospect of this study is to explore the feasibility of bra emotional design and pave the way for emotion recognition in fashion consumption.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44809642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132309
Güzin Akyol Yılmaz, B. Becerir
Nylon fibers were the first synthetic fibers to be produced on an industrial scale, and they are one of the most consumed synthetic fibers due to their visual and usage properties. Reactive dyes have been commercially produced since the mid-20th century, and they are mostly preferred in dyeing cellulosic fibers. The most important property of reactive dyes is their ability to make covalent bonds within the fiber. Mordants are used mainly in the application of natural dyes to hold and retain the dye molecules in the fiber. In this paper, nylon fabrics were dyed with three reactive dyes having different reactive groups (monochlorotiazine, trifluoropyrimidine and monochlorotriazine/vinylsulfone) in the presence of three chemical mordants (iron (II) sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate and tannic acid) to obtain better exhaustion and coloration properties. Pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting, and post-mordanting processes were used for dyeing. The dyeings were performed at two dyeing concentrations (0.5% and 2% owf), and at three pH levels (pH 2, 4, and 6). The percentage of dyebath exhaustion (%E), the percentage fixation of the dye which exhausted (%F) and the overall percentage fixation (%T) were calculated after pyridine extraction. Wash and light fastness tests were applied on the dyed samples. The results were discussed via %E, %T and CIELAB color differences (ΔEab*). The results revealed that mordant usage improved the coloration properties of reactive dyes on nylon fabrics. The %E and %T results changed according to the independent variations of pH level, mordant chemical and mordanting method. The correct pH level and mordanting method gave the best dyeing and fastness results for the dyes under test.
{"title":"Investigation of Mordant Application in Reactive Dyeing of Nylon Fabrics","authors":"Güzin Akyol Yılmaz, B. Becerir","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132309","url":null,"abstract":"Nylon fibers were the first synthetic fibers to be produced on an industrial scale, and they are one of the most consumed synthetic fibers due to their visual and usage properties. Reactive dyes have been commercially produced since the mid-20th century, and they are mostly preferred in dyeing cellulosic fibers. The most important property of reactive dyes is their ability to make covalent bonds within the fiber. Mordants are used mainly in the application of natural dyes to hold and retain the dye molecules in the fiber. In this paper, nylon fabrics were dyed with three reactive dyes having different reactive groups (monochlorotiazine, trifluoropyrimidine and monochlorotriazine/vinylsulfone) in the presence of three chemical mordants (iron (II) sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate and tannic acid) to obtain better exhaustion and coloration properties. Pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting, and post-mordanting processes were used for dyeing. The dyeings were performed at two dyeing concentrations (0.5% and 2% owf), and at three pH levels (pH 2, 4, and 6). The percentage of dyebath exhaustion (%E), the percentage fixation of the dye which exhausted (%F) and the overall percentage fixation (%T) were calculated after pyridine extraction. Wash and light fastness tests were applied on the dyed samples. The results were discussed via %E, %T and CIELAB color differences (ΔEab*). The results revealed that mordant usage improved the coloration properties of reactive dyes on nylon fabrics. The %E and %T results changed according to the independent variations of pH level, mordant chemical and mordanting method. The correct pH level and mordanting method gave the best dyeing and fastness results for the dyes under test.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"110 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49383525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132053
Peilin Jiang, Lihua Lou, S. Ramkumar
Oil sorption capacity is one of the essential parameters to evaluate the practical performances of oil sorbent products. This study aims to compare the dynamic oil sorption capacity of industrial nonwoven sorbents, which were fabricated through the carding process, spun-bond technology, and composite processes. The oil sorbents were produced by polypropylene fibers or cotton fibers with different surface wettability. The study showed that raw cotton layers exhibited a higher oil sorption capacity than the other three samples: eight-layer thermal-bonded melt-blown polypropylene fiber nonwoven, polypropylene fibers on top and bottom with raw cotton layers in the middle, and polypropylene fiber melt-blown nonwovens. Comparatively, eight-layer thermal-bonded melt-blown polypropylene fiber nonwoven had the lowest oil sorption capacity. Moreover, the hydrophilic property can significantly enhance the water pick-up capacity of sorbents on both dynamic and static systems but reduce the maximum oil sorption ability. Overall, the major factors determining a nonwoven fabric’s oil absorption performance are its fiber type, surface wettability, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Specifically, raw cotton, polypropylene fibers, or polypropylene fiber/cotton composite oil sorbents with low hydrophobicity and high hydrophobicity will contribute to high oil absorption ability. The advantage of raw cotton over polypropylene fibers is 3–7 times higher in oil absorption capability, environmentally friendliness, and sustainability, attributed to their hydrophobic ingredients, including pectin and waxes. From a structure angle, products with a loose structure and good mechanical properties ensure a balance between service life and oil absorption performance. Graphical abstract This research is to analyze the effect of fiber types, the structure of sorbents, and surface wettability on nonwoven oil sorption capabilities. We compared the oil sorption capacity of multiple nonwoven sorbents, which were fabricated through the carding process, spun-bond technology, and composite processes. The oil sorbents were produced by polypropylene fibers or cotton fibers with different surface wettability. Their dynamic and static hydrophilic properties and their associations with oil sorption capabilities were examined.
{"title":"Comparison of Oil Sorption Capacity of Nonwoven Sorbents","authors":"Peilin Jiang, Lihua Lou, S. Ramkumar","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132053","url":null,"abstract":"Oil sorption capacity is one of the essential parameters to evaluate the practical performances of oil sorbent products. This study aims to compare the dynamic oil sorption capacity of industrial nonwoven sorbents, which were fabricated through the carding process, spun-bond technology, and composite processes. The oil sorbents were produced by polypropylene fibers or cotton fibers with different surface wettability. The study showed that raw cotton layers exhibited a higher oil sorption capacity than the other three samples: eight-layer thermal-bonded melt-blown polypropylene fiber nonwoven, polypropylene fibers on top and bottom with raw cotton layers in the middle, and polypropylene fiber melt-blown nonwovens. Comparatively, eight-layer thermal-bonded melt-blown polypropylene fiber nonwoven had the lowest oil sorption capacity. Moreover, the hydrophilic property can significantly enhance the water pick-up capacity of sorbents on both dynamic and static systems but reduce the maximum oil sorption ability. Overall, the major factors determining a nonwoven fabric’s oil absorption performance are its fiber type, surface wettability, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Specifically, raw cotton, polypropylene fibers, or polypropylene fiber/cotton composite oil sorbents with low hydrophobicity and high hydrophobicity will contribute to high oil absorption ability. The advantage of raw cotton over polypropylene fibers is 3–7 times higher in oil absorption capability, environmentally friendliness, and sustainability, attributed to their hydrophobic ingredients, including pectin and waxes. From a structure angle, products with a loose structure and good mechanical properties ensure a balance between service life and oil absorption performance. Graphical abstract This research is to analyze the effect of fiber types, the structure of sorbents, and surface wettability on nonwoven oil sorption capabilities. We compared the oil sorption capacity of multiple nonwoven sorbents, which were fabricated through the carding process, spun-bond technology, and composite processes. The oil sorbents were produced by polypropylene fibers or cotton fibers with different surface wettability. Their dynamic and static hydrophilic properties and their associations with oil sorption capabilities were examined.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"101 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1177/24723444221136624
Shuang Xiao, Yin He
A smart vest that can monitor the respiratory rate of the human body has been developed based on flexible sensing technology. Using carbon nanotubes/polyurethane conductive film/yarn electrode flexible pressure sensors, different sizes of smart underwear for men and women have been developed. These smart vest have the characteristics of being detachable and capable of real-time monitoring of human breathing frequency signals. The characteristics of the smart underwear are characterized by the resistivity change curve of the flexible sensor, and the influences of the style, size, and working position of the sensor on the performance of the smart underwear are studied. The most reasonable sensor configuration of the smart vest of each size is obtained. For the female S size it is on the chest. For the female M size it is on the abdominal muscles. For the male XL size it is on the midriff. For the male XXL size it is on the abdominal muscles. The smart vest is comfortable, fits the body and satisfies the daily needs of washing. It will have good application prospects in sports health and medical care, providing new design ideas for the research and development of smart vests.
{"title":"Respiratory Monitoring Smart Vest Based on Flexible Pressure Sensor","authors":"Shuang Xiao, Yin He","doi":"10.1177/24723444221136624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221136624","url":null,"abstract":"A smart vest that can monitor the respiratory rate of the human body has been developed based on flexible sensing technology. Using carbon nanotubes/polyurethane conductive film/yarn electrode flexible pressure sensors, different sizes of smart underwear for men and women have been developed. These smart vest have the characteristics of being detachable and capable of real-time monitoring of human breathing frequency signals. The characteristics of the smart underwear are characterized by the resistivity change curve of the flexible sensor, and the influences of the style, size, and working position of the sensor on the performance of the smart underwear are studied. The most reasonable sensor configuration of the smart vest of each size is obtained. For the female S size it is on the chest. For the female M size it is on the abdominal muscles. For the male XL size it is on the midriff. For the male XXL size it is on the abdominal muscles. The smart vest is comfortable, fits the body and satisfies the daily needs of washing. It will have good application prospects in sports health and medical care, providing new design ideas for the research and development of smart vests.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46316551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132329
Weijie Yu, Lihua Lou, M. Reynolds, P. Sawhney, S. Ramkumar
Graphical abstract This research is an in-depth study into the optimization of tensile properties of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics made of greige cotton. The effect of five different testing parameters, weight, gauge length, speed of testing, angle to machine direction, and specimen width on the tensile properties of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics are tested. The parameters to express tensile properties include load at break, extension at break, tensile stress at break, tensile strain at break, Young’s modulus, and energy at break. The testing process was performed according to central composite design. The regression analysis and optimization analysis are used for data analysis. This research is an in-depth study into the tensile properties of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics made of greige cotton. The effect of five different testing parameters or sample characteristics, weight, gauge length, speed of testing, angle to machine direction, and specimen width, of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics made of greige cotton were correlated with load at break, extension at break, tensile stress at break, tensile strain at break, Young’s modulus, and energy at break. The regression equations with an average r2 of 0.82 demonstrated parameters’ positive and effective influence on tensile properties. The influence order of all testing parameters is gauge length = specimen width > speed. This analysis aims to study the effects of testing parameters or sample characteristics on tensile properties. It is hoped that this study can contribute a better understanding of the relationship between hydro-entangled nonwoven fabric mechanical performance and web formations, potentially promoting greige cotton applications.
{"title":"Effect of Test Parameters on Sensitivity of Tensile Test Results for Greige Cotton Hydroentangled Nonwoven Fabric","authors":"Weijie Yu, Lihua Lou, M. Reynolds, P. Sawhney, S. Ramkumar","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132329","url":null,"abstract":"Graphical abstract This research is an in-depth study into the optimization of tensile properties of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics made of greige cotton. The effect of five different testing parameters, weight, gauge length, speed of testing, angle to machine direction, and specimen width on the tensile properties of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics are tested. The parameters to express tensile properties include load at break, extension at break, tensile stress at break, tensile strain at break, Young’s modulus, and energy at break. The testing process was performed according to central composite design. The regression analysis and optimization analysis are used for data analysis. This research is an in-depth study into the tensile properties of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics made of greige cotton. The effect of five different testing parameters or sample characteristics, weight, gauge length, speed of testing, angle to machine direction, and specimen width, of hydro-entangled nonwoven fabrics made of greige cotton were correlated with load at break, extension at break, tensile stress at break, tensile strain at break, Young’s modulus, and energy at break. The regression equations with an average r2 of 0.82 demonstrated parameters’ positive and effective influence on tensile properties. The influence order of all testing parameters is gauge length = specimen width > speed. This analysis aims to study the effects of testing parameters or sample characteristics on tensile properties. It is hoped that this study can contribute a better understanding of the relationship between hydro-entangled nonwoven fabric mechanical performance and web formations, potentially promoting greige cotton applications.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"10 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42052792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132048
Renjini G, Sudhakar R
Men’s formal shirts have fused components requiring a specific level of stiffness to maintain a crisp formal look. The stiffness of the neck band is an essential criterion in the aesthetic look when displayed on the retail shelf and during end-usage. This study aims to explain the effect of the physical parameters of the fabric, interlining and fusing process parameters on the flexural rigidity of the fused collar stand. The two-step factorial analysis of screening and reduced factor design shows that the flexural rigidity of samples after fusing is influenced by three factors: fabric areal weight, interlining areal weight and interlining finish. Furthermore, the flexural rigidity of samples was reduced considerably after washing and was influenced by three factors: interlining areal weight, interlining finish and fusing time. The polynomial equation explaining the relation has been derived. The findings help understand the variables to consider while selecting interlinings for formal shirts.
{"title":"Predicting the Flexural Rigidity in Fused Shirt Components Using Design of Experiment","authors":"Renjini G, Sudhakar R","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132048","url":null,"abstract":"Men’s formal shirts have fused components requiring a specific level of stiffness to maintain a crisp formal look. The stiffness of the neck band is an essential criterion in the aesthetic look when displayed on the retail shelf and during end-usage. This study aims to explain the effect of the physical parameters of the fabric, interlining and fusing process parameters on the flexural rigidity of the fused collar stand. The two-step factorial analysis of screening and reduced factor design shows that the flexural rigidity of samples after fusing is influenced by three factors: fabric areal weight, interlining areal weight and interlining finish. Furthermore, the flexural rigidity of samples was reduced considerably after washing and was influenced by three factors: interlining areal weight, interlining finish and fusing time. The polynomial equation explaining the relation has been derived. The findings help understand the variables to consider while selecting interlinings for formal shirts.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"28 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46559339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132049
Cheng Ge, Yuansheng Zheng, Kai Liu, B. Xin, Masha Li, MD. All Amin Newton
This research examined the influence of solution concentration on Taylor cone morphology, jet behavior, fiber surface morphology, and the impact of spinning voltage on the microbead shape of the beaded fiber. The straight jet length, envelope cone, whipping frequency of the electrospun jet, and Taylor cone morphology were studied using the images captured by a high-speed photography camera. According to the findings, higher solution concentrations result in longer straight jet lengths, smaller envelope cones, and lower whipping frequencies. Scanning electron microscopy was used to ascertain the diameter and surface morphology of polystyrene fibers, revealing that fibers spun with higher solution concentrations had larger diameters. In contrast, low concentration solutions receive more electric field forces due to higher conductivity. The jet tends to break, and fibers with the beads-on-a-string morphology form. Furthermore, the influence of voltage on microbead shape has been further examined using the simulation software COMSOL. As the spinning voltage increases, the jet’s stretching impact is more prominent, and the bead shape gradually changes from nearly circular to spindle-shaped.
{"title":"The Formation Mechanism of Electrospun Beaded Fibers: Experiment and Simulation Study","authors":"Cheng Ge, Yuansheng Zheng, Kai Liu, B. Xin, Masha Li, MD. All Amin Newton","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132049","url":null,"abstract":"This research examined the influence of solution concentration on Taylor cone morphology, jet behavior, fiber surface morphology, and the impact of spinning voltage on the microbead shape of the beaded fiber. The straight jet length, envelope cone, whipping frequency of the electrospun jet, and Taylor cone morphology were studied using the images captured by a high-speed photography camera. According to the findings, higher solution concentrations result in longer straight jet lengths, smaller envelope cones, and lower whipping frequencies. Scanning electron microscopy was used to ascertain the diameter and surface morphology of polystyrene fibers, revealing that fibers spun with higher solution concentrations had larger diameters. In contrast, low concentration solutions receive more electric field forces due to higher conductivity. The jet tends to break, and fibers with the beads-on-a-string morphology form. Furthermore, the influence of voltage on microbead shape has been further examined using the simulation software COMSOL. As the spinning voltage increases, the jet’s stretching impact is more prominent, and the bead shape gradually changes from nearly circular to spindle-shaped.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"3 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42837303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132330
Wenjuan Huang, Shuaitong Liang, Hongjuan Zhang, Xuemei Ding, Jiping Wang
Fibrous textiles readily absorb and desorb ambient odors. However, information on the composition and dynamic analysis of tobacco smoke and hot pot odors on fabrics during desorption is limited. This study used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to analyze the desorption components of cotton, wool, and polyester fabrics exposed to these two odors, respectively. Then, a dynamic diffusion fabric structure model demonstrated the effect of airflow velocity and fabric porosity on nicotine desorption. Furthermore, we proposed mass diffusion coefficients with different molecular weights. The results showed that cotton fabrics with tobacco smoke released many low molecular weight compounds, while with wool fabrics significantly fewer compounds were detected than for the other two fabrics. Notably, 3-ethenylpyridine, a marker of tobacco smoke, was not detected in wool fabrics. For hot pot odor, cotton fabrics released more hexanal, nonanal, and anethole than wool and polyester, while wool fabrics released many β-pinenes. The numerical results of the dynamic model showed that the air inlet velocity significantly affects the nicotine concentration in the fabric. Meanwhile, the concentration of nicotine in fabrics with lower porosity decreased faster. A lower mass diffusion coefficient will cause odors to remain in the fabric. This study aimed at the composition and the dynamics of odor in fabrics and offers essential information and simple models for reducing unnecessary washing of textiles and odor resistance textile design.
{"title":"Tobacco and Hot Pot Odor Adsorbed by Cotton, Wool, and Polyester Fabrics: Desorption Components and Dynamic Analysis","authors":"Wenjuan Huang, Shuaitong Liang, Hongjuan Zhang, Xuemei Ding, Jiping Wang","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132330","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrous textiles readily absorb and desorb ambient odors. However, information on the composition and dynamic analysis of tobacco smoke and hot pot odors on fabrics during desorption is limited. This study used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to analyze the desorption components of cotton, wool, and polyester fabrics exposed to these two odors, respectively. Then, a dynamic diffusion fabric structure model demonstrated the effect of airflow velocity and fabric porosity on nicotine desorption. Furthermore, we proposed mass diffusion coefficients with different molecular weights. The results showed that cotton fabrics with tobacco smoke released many low molecular weight compounds, while with wool fabrics significantly fewer compounds were detected than for the other two fabrics. Notably, 3-ethenylpyridine, a marker of tobacco smoke, was not detected in wool fabrics. For hot pot odor, cotton fabrics released more hexanal, nonanal, and anethole than wool and polyester, while wool fabrics released many β-pinenes. The numerical results of the dynamic model showed that the air inlet velocity significantly affects the nicotine concentration in the fabric. Meanwhile, the concentration of nicotine in fabrics with lower porosity decreased faster. A lower mass diffusion coefficient will cause odors to remain in the fabric. This study aimed at the composition and the dynamics of odor in fabrics and offers essential information and simple models for reducing unnecessary washing of textiles and odor resistance textile design.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"89 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46076251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132326
S. Naqvi, Muhammad Amir, Farhana Naeem, Tilak Dias, Philip Lewis
Cuff design is the most important aspect to work on for the accurate measurement of blood pressure. For the very first time, pressure distribution underneath different parts/components of the fabric cuffs was analysed in detail using an advanced interface pressure sensing system. The pressure distribution at the interface of the selected cuffs and an arm simulator were measured experimentally while simulating blood pressure measurement. Fabrics are the main cuff constructing material and a relationship was found between cuff fabric properties and pressure at the interface of the cuff and the arm simulator. It was also found that the pressure distribution under different parts of the same cuff varied due to the uneven contact of the cuff fabric with the arm simulator. Components attached to cuff fabric which facilitate blood pressure measurement either confine or drive fabric according to their size and placement; they may cause non-uniform interface pressure distribution on the human arm too. It was also examined whether the selected cuffs were applying higher or lower average pressure over the surface of the simulator and the range varied from 8 mmHg to 25 mmHg. This indicates that the subsequent pressure distribution inside the arm tissues and over an artery would also vary further due to the cuffs being of different designs. This study found that cuffs would be unable to transfer the required pressure over the artery to block blood flow as and when needed.
{"title":"An Investigation into Design of Blood Pressure Cuffs Using the Tekscan Pressure Sensing System","authors":"S. Naqvi, Muhammad Amir, Farhana Naeem, Tilak Dias, Philip Lewis","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132326","url":null,"abstract":"Cuff design is the most important aspect to work on for the accurate measurement of blood pressure. For the very first time, pressure distribution underneath different parts/components of the fabric cuffs was analysed in detail using an advanced interface pressure sensing system. The pressure distribution at the interface of the selected cuffs and an arm simulator were measured experimentally while simulating blood pressure measurement. Fabrics are the main cuff constructing material and a relationship was found between cuff fabric properties and pressure at the interface of the cuff and the arm simulator. It was also found that the pressure distribution under different parts of the same cuff varied due to the uneven contact of the cuff fabric with the arm simulator. Components attached to cuff fabric which facilitate blood pressure measurement either confine or drive fabric according to their size and placement; they may cause non-uniform interface pressure distribution on the human arm too. It was also examined whether the selected cuffs were applying higher or lower average pressure over the surface of the simulator and the range varied from 8 mmHg to 25 mmHg. This indicates that the subsequent pressure distribution inside the arm tissues and over an artery would also vary further due to the cuffs being of different designs. This study found that cuffs would be unable to transfer the required pressure over the artery to block blood flow as and when needed.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"80 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42901391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132318
Sadhna, Rajesh Kumar, M. Maanvizhi, C. Prakash, V. Ramesh Babu, G. Indu
The impact of stitch density and seam type on tactile properties of seams has been investigated. Lapped seam 1 (LSa-1) using stitch class 605 and superimposed seam (SSa-2) using stitch class 514 (ASTM 6193) were constructed with four different stitch densities, namely, stitches per inch (SPI) 10, SPI 14, SPI 18 and SPI 22, and the tactile properties of seams examined by evaluating the characteristics of seams such as seam compression, seam thickness, seam bending behaviour and surface friction of seams. From the study, the optimized stitch density has been identified as SPI 10 for producing soft seam. Seam class and stitch density play a vital role in determining seam comfort properties.
{"title":"Impact of Stitch Density on Tactile Comfort Properties of Seams","authors":"Sadhna, Rajesh Kumar, M. Maanvizhi, C. Prakash, V. Ramesh Babu, G. Indu","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132318","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of stitch density and seam type on tactile properties of seams has been investigated. Lapped seam 1 (LSa-1) using stitch class 605 and superimposed seam (SSa-2) using stitch class 514 (ASTM 6193) were constructed with four different stitch densities, namely, stitches per inch (SPI) 10, SPI 14, SPI 18 and SPI 22, and the tactile properties of seams examined by evaluating the characteristics of seams such as seam compression, seam thickness, seam bending behaviour and surface friction of seams. From the study, the optimized stitch density has been identified as SPI 10 for producing soft seam. Seam class and stitch density play a vital role in determining seam comfort properties.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"73 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45342030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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