Vaccinium bracteatum Thumb. leaves have a variety of nutritional values and physiological functions, and are rich in useful resources. In this study, these leaves were used as a raw material to make vegetable dyes. Cotton fabric was then dyed with them by the direct staining method. Good dyeing effects and antibacterial properties of the resulting fabrics could be obtained using an optimized dyeing process. The antibacterial properties of the fabric were directly proportional to the dye uptake (K/S value) of the fabric. To improve dyeing, mordant and chitosan were used separately to pretreat the cotton fabrics. The K/S value and antibacterial properties of the pretreated dyed cotton fabrics were improved after pretreatment.
{"title":"Antibacterial Property of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Leaves","authors":"Guangguo Tian, Rongrong Cui, Xiaowei Hu, Yan Feng","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccinium bracteatum Thumb. leaves have a variety of nutritional values and physiological functions, and are rich in useful resources. In this study, these leaves were used as a raw material to make vegetable dyes. Cotton fabric was then dyed with them by the direct staining method. Good dyeing effects and antibacterial properties of the resulting fabrics could be obtained using an optimized dyeing process. The antibacterial properties of the fabric were directly proportional to the dye uptake (K/S value) of the fabric. To improve dyeing, mordant and chitosan were used separately to pretreat the cotton fabrics. The K/S value and antibacterial properties of the pretreated dyed cotton fabrics were improved after pretreatment.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"2017 8","pages":"28 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41262824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, one-dimensional rod-shaped nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag-In co-doped ZnO complexes with different doping ratios were prepared by hydrothermal method with C6H12N4, Zn(NO3)2·6(H2O), AgNO3, and In(NO3)3 as raw materials. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The results showed that the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution reached 90.17% after being dispersed with 10%Ag-4%In/ZnO and exposed to ultraviolet light for 120 min., furthermore, MB was almost completely degraded after 180 min. of UV irradiation, thus the ZnO sample was provided with splendid photocatalysis activity. After 10% Ag-4%In/ZnO processing on modified polyester fabric, UPF of the treated Dacron was 50+ in accordance with the standard GB/T18830-2009 and considered to possess excellent UV resistance.
{"title":"Preparation and Application of Ag-In/ZnO Nanorods","authors":"M. Xie, Liming Wang, Lihui Xu, Yong Shen","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, one-dimensional rod-shaped nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag-In co-doped ZnO complexes with different doping ratios were prepared by hydrothermal method with C6H12N4, Zn(NO3)2·6(H2O), AgNO3, and In(NO3)3 as raw materials. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The results showed that the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution reached 90.17% after being dispersed with 10%Ag-4%In/ZnO and exposed to ultraviolet light for 120 min., furthermore, MB was almost completely degraded after 180 min. of UV irradiation, thus the ZnO sample was provided with splendid photocatalysis activity. After 10% Ag-4%In/ZnO processing on modified polyester fabric, UPF of the treated Dacron was 50+ in accordance with the standard GB/T18830-2009 and considered to possess excellent UV resistance.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"34 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49170595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shixian Chen, Wen-Ke Yang, Shuqin Yan, G. Han, Qiang Zhang
Protein-polysaccharide scaffolds are usually used in tissue engineering; however, matching regeneration rate with healing modes is a challenge because of unpredictable scaffold degradation profiles. We investigated the effect of the blend ratio on degradation behavior of silk fibroin (SF)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels by varying weight ratios. The hydrogels were incubated in 1 U/mL collagenase IA at 37 °C to create an in vitro model of proteolytic degradation. Samples were harvested at designated time points up to 21 days and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), digital photos, and mass loss were investigated. Control samples were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline. The results showed regular and controllable degradability. The higher the HA content, the stronger the degradability of the hydrogel. When the HA content increased from 20% to 40%, the mass loss of the hydrogel increased from 22% to 35% after 21 days of degradation.
{"title":"In Vitro Degradation of Silk Fibroin/Hyaluronic Acid Composite Hydrogels","authors":"Shixian Chen, Wen-Ke Yang, Shuqin Yan, G. Han, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Protein-polysaccharide scaffolds are usually used in tissue engineering; however, matching regeneration rate with healing modes is a challenge because of unpredictable scaffold degradation profiles. We investigated the effect of the blend ratio on degradation behavior of silk fibroin (SF)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels by varying weight ratios. The hydrogels were incubated in 1 U/mL collagenase IA at 37 °C to create an in vitro model of proteolytic degradation. Samples were harvested at designated time points up to 21 days and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), digital photos, and mass loss were investigated. Control samples were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline. The results showed regular and controllable degradability. The higher the HA content, the stronger the degradability of the hydrogel. When the HA content increased from 20% to 40%, the mass loss of the hydrogel increased from 22% to 35% after 21 days of degradation.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"51 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45488248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Wang, Miao Tian, Yun Su, Xianghui Zhang, Yimei Xiao, Jun Li
Thermal shrinkage of flame resistant fabrics can greatly affect the thermal protection of firefighters’ clothing. In this study, four boundary conditions were designed to simulate garment aperture structures. Thermal shrinkage was measured with and without an air gap under three heat-flux levels. The shrinkage ratio was measured and calculated using digital image technology. Results showed that an air gap between the fabric and sensors was the main factor in thermal shrinkage. The presence of an air gap aggravates thermal shrinkage at the garment apertures, especially under the open boundary condition with incomplete fixation. The ease required for human movement and thermal shrinkage should be taken into consideration when designing thermal protective clothing. This study provides a quantitative method for determining the thermal shrinkage of fabrics.
{"title":"Analyzing Garment Aperture Effect on Thermal Shrinkage of Flame Resistant Fabrics under Fire Exposure","authors":"Qi Wang, Miao Tian, Yun Su, Xianghui Zhang, Yimei Xiao, Jun Li","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal shrinkage of flame resistant fabrics can greatly affect the thermal protection of firefighters’ clothing. In this study, four boundary conditions were designed to simulate garment aperture structures. Thermal shrinkage was measured with and without an air gap under three heat-flux levels. The shrinkage ratio was measured and calculated using digital image technology. Results showed that an air gap between the fabric and sensors was the main factor in thermal shrinkage. The presence of an air gap aggravates thermal shrinkage at the garment apertures, especially under the open boundary condition with incomplete fixation. The ease required for human movement and thermal shrinkage should be taken into consideration when designing thermal protective clothing. This study provides a quantitative method for determining the thermal shrinkage of fabrics.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"63 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43461361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Residential fires are a significant risk factor threatening the health and security of occupants. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel fire-safety product to help occupants safely and quickly evacuate from fire. Residential fire-resistant clothing with an alterable robe-coverall structure was developed according to a functional design procedure. The protection and ergonomic performance of the new fire-resistant clothing were verified by material selection and testing, flame manikin testing, and a simulated evacuation test. The results demonstrated that the fire-resistant clothing could provide essential thermal protection, inhalation protection, tear resistant, and visibility. Moreover, compared to current fire blankets, this fire-resistant clothing integrated the robe and coverall together, providing improved thermal protection and ergonomics, while decreasing skin burn percentage by 30.04% and allowing flexible leg movement.
{"title":"Functional Development and Evaluation of Residential Fire-Resistant Clothing","authors":"Shitan Wang, Qingyuan He, Yunyi Wang","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Residential fires are a significant risk factor threatening the health and security of occupants. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel fire-safety product to help occupants safely and quickly evacuate from fire. Residential fire-resistant clothing with an alterable robe-coverall structure was developed according to a functional design procedure. The protection and ergonomic performance of the new fire-resistant clothing were verified by material selection and testing, flame manikin testing, and a simulated evacuation test. The results demonstrated that the fire-resistant clothing could provide essential thermal protection, inhalation protection, tear resistant, and visibility. Moreover, compared to current fire blankets, this fire-resistant clothing integrated the robe and coverall together, providing improved thermal protection and ergonomics, while decreasing skin burn percentage by 30.04% and allowing flexible leg movement.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"9 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47308604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers used nine woven electrothermal fabrics with different structures and silver-plated filament content. Electrothermal performance was tested and analyzed to select the fabric with the best thermal stability and heating performance for additional testing of fatigue resistance. Results show that at room temperature, electrical resistance decreases with the increase of silver-plated filament content, and the nine fabrics show good thermal stability at various voltages. When the fabric is electrified, the surface temperature distribution of the satin fabric is more uniform, and the satin fabric with 10% silvered filament has the best heating effect. At 3 V, the fabric can reach 60 °C. After 200 power cycles (on and off), the fabric still has good thermal performance and good fatigue resistance. After washing, heating remains effective.
{"title":"Structural Design and Performance of Woven Electrothermal Fabric Based on Silver-Plated Filament","authors":"A. Chen, Qian Liu","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers used nine woven electrothermal fabrics with different structures and silver-plated filament content. Electrothermal performance was tested and analyzed to select the fabric with the best thermal stability and heating performance for additional testing of fatigue resistance. Results show that at room temperature, electrical resistance decreases with the increase of silver-plated filament content, and the nine fabrics show good thermal stability at various voltages. When the fabric is electrified, the surface temperature distribution of the satin fabric is more uniform, and the satin fabric with 10% silvered filament has the best heating effect. At 3 V, the fabric can reach 60 °C. After 200 power cycles (on and off), the fabric still has good thermal performance and good fatigue resistance. After washing, heating remains effective.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"78 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42103701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyester/cotton blended fabrics have been extensively used in the textile industry. However, the dyeing process of polyester/ cotton blended fabrics is complex, and a large amount of water is consumed. To increase the dye uptake and dye fixation ratio, and reduce wastewater effluents, the dyeing performance of polyester/cotton blended fabric was studied in one bath and two steps using the silicone non-aqueous dyeing system. When dyeing 1 kg of polyester/cotton blended fabric, only 1.17 kg of water was consumed, and no wastewater was discharged after dyeing. The washing fastness, staining fastness, and dry and wet rubbing fastness of dyed fabric can reach high levels. The dyeing performance of two disperse dyes on the cotton and polyester components in the blended fabric was also studied.
{"title":"Dyeing Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric in the Silicone Non-Aqueous Dyeing System","authors":"Liujun Pei, Nan Jiang, Jiping Wang","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Polyester/cotton blended fabrics have been extensively used in the textile industry. However, the dyeing process of polyester/ cotton blended fabrics is complex, and a large amount of water is consumed. To increase the dye uptake and dye fixation ratio, and reduce wastewater effluents, the dyeing performance of polyester/cotton blended fabric was studied in one bath and two steps using the silicone non-aqueous dyeing system. When dyeing 1 kg of polyester/cotton blended fabric, only 1.17 kg of water was consumed, and no wastewater was discharged after dyeing. The washing fastness, staining fastness, and dry and wet rubbing fastness of dyed fabric can reach high levels. The dyeing performance of two disperse dyes on the cotton and polyester components in the blended fabric was also studied.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"5 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47416438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that the electric field has great influence on the diameter and properties of fibers during melt-electrospinning. This study introduces the influences of three types of collectors on the electric field distribution. An auxiliary electrode was used to enhance the electric field strength. Numerical simulation was used to understand the electric field distribution. Simulation and experimental results show that the electric field strength had an important influence on fiber properties. A more uniform electric field distribution capable of steadily controlling the jet behavior was obtained using the disc-shaped collector, thus effectively reducing the fiber diameter and improving fiber strength.
{"title":"Influences of Collector Structure on Electric Field and Fiber Properties in Melt-Electrospinning","authors":"Yuansheng Zheng, Xueqin Li, Xiaoqi Mu, B. Xin","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.s2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.s2.1","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the electric field has great influence on the diameter and properties of fibers during melt-electrospinning. This study introduces the influences of three types of collectors on the electric field distribution. An auxiliary electrode was used to enhance the electric field strength. Numerical simulation was used to understand the electric field distribution. Simulation and experimental results show that the electric field strength had an important influence on fiber properties. A more uniform electric field distribution capable of steadily controlling the jet behavior was obtained using the disc-shaped collector, thus effectively reducing the fiber diameter and improving fiber strength.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48415350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wearable materials with thermal management and self-adaptive breathability have attracted increasing attention. In this study, nano-TiO2/polyurethane (PU) membranes were prepared via casting. Properties of fabricated nano-TiO2/ PU membranes were characterized systematically by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and strength tester. The effects of TiO2 content on waterproofness, moisture permeability, and thermal stability of the composite membranes were studied. The experimental results show that with the increase of TiO2 content, the thermal stability of the composite membranes increased; waterproofness and moisture permeability performance also improved.
{"title":"Investigation of Self-Adaptive Breathable Nano-TiO2/PU Membrane with Water Vapor Transmission","authors":"Qungqing Yang, Q. Liang, Liming Wang","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable materials with thermal management and self-adaptive breathability have attracted increasing attention. In this study, nano-TiO2/polyurethane (PU) membranes were prepared via casting. Properties of fabricated nano-TiO2/ PU membranes were characterized systematically by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and strength tester. The effects of TiO2 content on waterproofness, moisture permeability, and thermal stability of the composite membranes were studied. The experimental results show that with the increase of TiO2 content, the thermal stability of the composite membranes increased; waterproofness and moisture permeability performance also improved.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"72 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanocellulose is a kind of renewable green material that comes mainly from plants. Nanocellulose aerogels have high porosity, excellent flexibility, and low thermal conductivity. They have broad application prospects in building insulation, sewage treatment, energy storage, aerospace, and other fields. The structure of nanocellulose aerogels has a significant influence on their properties, which further affects their application. In this paper, the present regulation methods of nanocellulose aerogel structure are reviewed, and the most widely used fields of nanocellulose aerogel are introduced in detail. In addition, research for improving the structure and applications of nanocellulose aerogels in the future is proposed.
{"title":"Structure Control and Application of Nanocellulose Aerogels","authors":"Ziyang Wang, X. Yang, W. Liu","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocellulose is a kind of renewable green material that comes mainly from plants. Nanocellulose aerogels have high porosity, excellent flexibility, and low thermal conductivity. They have broad application prospects in building insulation, sewage treatment, energy storage, aerospace, and other fields. The structure of nanocellulose aerogels has a significant influence on their properties, which further affects their application. In this paper, the present regulation methods of nanocellulose aerogel structure are reviewed, and the most widely used fields of nanocellulose aerogel are introduced in detail. In addition, research for improving the structure and applications of nanocellulose aerogels in the future is proposed.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"91 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44742915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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