Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132312
Shiwei Li, H. Quan, Li Ai, S. Bi, Qing Li, Renchuan You
Superhydrophobic textiles have attracted great interest due to their special functions and wide applications. However, it is still a huge challenge to construct a durable superhydrophobic coating for large-scale applications due to the complicated process and high cost. In this work, a facile two-step method was developed to construct superhydrophobic cotton fabric with fluorine-free treatment. The cotton fabrics were treated with modified nano SiO2 to construct rough surfaces. Then, the silicone oil was introduced into the surface of the cotton fabric to form superhydrophobic cotton fabric. The results showed that the modified nano SiO2 and silicone oil were stably fixed on the fiber surface. The static water contact angle test showed that contact angle of the modified cotton fabric was 158°, indicating excellent superhydrophobic properties. Furthermore, the self-cleaning and anti-pollution test results showed that the superhydrophobic cotton fabric possessed good self-cleaning and antifouling performance. This superhydrophobic fabric avoids the use of fluoropolymers and reduces the harm to humans and environment, showing a wide range of applications.
{"title":"Facile Preparation of Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric Using Silicone Oil and Inorganic Nanoparticles","authors":"Shiwei Li, H. Quan, Li Ai, S. Bi, Qing Li, Renchuan You","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132312","url":null,"abstract":"Superhydrophobic textiles have attracted great interest due to their special functions and wide applications. However, it is still a huge challenge to construct a durable superhydrophobic coating for large-scale applications due to the complicated process and high cost. In this work, a facile two-step method was developed to construct superhydrophobic cotton fabric with fluorine-free treatment. The cotton fabrics were treated with modified nano SiO2 to construct rough surfaces. Then, the silicone oil was introduced into the surface of the cotton fabric to form superhydrophobic cotton fabric. The results showed that the modified nano SiO2 and silicone oil were stably fixed on the fiber surface. The static water contact angle test showed that contact angle of the modified cotton fabric was 158°, indicating excellent superhydrophobic properties. Furthermore, the self-cleaning and anti-pollution test results showed that the superhydrophobic cotton fabric possessed good self-cleaning and antifouling performance. This superhydrophobic fabric avoids the use of fluoropolymers and reduces the harm to humans and environment, showing a wide range of applications.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"51 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49630287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132051
Katarina Goodge, Margaret Frey
Various textiles have previously been evaluated for use in cloth face masks as a reusable option to help control the spread of respiratory viruses, but only their initial performance was tested. In this study, a broad range of fabrics (3 knit, 7 woven, and 3 nonwoven) were characterized for filtration efficiency (FE) and air permeability (AP) before and after 40 decontamination cycles by home laundry, microwave-generated steam, or dishwasher sterilization. AP was quantified following ASTM D737, and FE was assessed using NaCl aerosol in a simulated breathing system. While most fabrics maintained or improved their FE after 40 decontamination cycles, the AP of many fabrics decreased due to detergent buildup, fiber breakage, and fabric shrinkage. Tightly woven cotton fabrics had unacceptably low AP and FE performance. Knit and nonwoven structures had the best balance of properties, and although they are not recommended for use in single-layer masks, they have potential use in multilayer masks.
{"title":"Cloth Face Coverings: Effect of Decontamination Method on Fabric Performance","authors":"Katarina Goodge, Margaret Frey","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132051","url":null,"abstract":"Various textiles have previously been evaluated for use in cloth face masks as a reusable option to help control the spread of respiratory viruses, but only their initial performance was tested. In this study, a broad range of fabrics (3 knit, 7 woven, and 3 nonwoven) were characterized for filtration efficiency (FE) and air permeability (AP) before and after 40 decontamination cycles by home laundry, microwave-generated steam, or dishwasher sterilization. AP was quantified following ASTM D737, and FE was assessed using NaCl aerosol in a simulated breathing system. While most fabrics maintained or improved their FE after 40 decontamination cycles, the AP of many fabrics decreased due to detergent buildup, fiber breakage, and fabric shrinkage. Tightly woven cotton fabrics had unacceptably low AP and FE performance. Knit and nonwoven structures had the best balance of properties, and although they are not recommended for use in single-layer masks, they have potential use in multilayer masks.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"18 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44828160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132310
Farhana Naeem, M. D. Hussain, Danyal Rashid Khan
Water repellency and flame retardancy have applications in many fields, such as automotive interiors, indoor decorations, upholstery, outdoor clothing and tents. Cotton, having superior qualities, is considered one of the best raw materials for tent manufacture. The study has undertaken the application of different water repellent and flame retardant chemicals on 100% cotton canvas fabric to be used as bivouac tents. The purpose was to find suitable water repellent and flame retardant chemicals that can be applied in a single bath or in a two-step process to give the desired repellency and retardancy effect. Initially, two screening sets were carried out, which aided in the identification of best-performed chemicals to be used in the combined application of water repellent and flame retardant. In the combined application, the fabric was finished using two approaches. In the first approach, both repellent and retardant chemicals were prepared in a single bath, and in the second approach, the fabric was first finished with flame retardant chemicals and then finished with water repellent chemicals. In both the approaches, the finished fabric was evaluated by a cone test, a hydrostatic pressure head test and a flammability test against locally set requirements. It is concluded that the procedure of single bath water repellent and flame retardant finishes (SBWRFR1b) showed reduced pickup percentage (60%) and resulted in better water repellency and flame retardancy properties, in comparison to other procedures and series of recipes.
{"title":"Characterization of Water Repellent and Flame Retardant Finished Cotton Canvas Fabric for Bivouac Tents","authors":"Farhana Naeem, M. D. Hussain, Danyal Rashid Khan","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132310","url":null,"abstract":"Water repellency and flame retardancy have applications in many fields, such as automotive interiors, indoor decorations, upholstery, outdoor clothing and tents. Cotton, having superior qualities, is considered one of the best raw materials for tent manufacture. The study has undertaken the application of different water repellent and flame retardant chemicals on 100% cotton canvas fabric to be used as bivouac tents. The purpose was to find suitable water repellent and flame retardant chemicals that can be applied in a single bath or in a two-step process to give the desired repellency and retardancy effect. Initially, two screening sets were carried out, which aided in the identification of best-performed chemicals to be used in the combined application of water repellent and flame retardant. In the combined application, the fabric was finished using two approaches. In the first approach, both repellent and retardant chemicals were prepared in a single bath, and in the second approach, the fabric was first finished with flame retardant chemicals and then finished with water repellent chemicals. In both the approaches, the finished fabric was evaluated by a cone test, a hydrostatic pressure head test and a flammability test against locally set requirements. It is concluded that the procedure of single bath water repellent and flame retardant finishes (SBWRFR1b) showed reduced pickup percentage (60%) and resulted in better water repellency and flame retardancy properties, in comparison to other procedures and series of recipes.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"40 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44918614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1177/24723444221132618
Ann E. Holland
{"title":"Introduction to AATCC Journal of Research and AATCC","authors":"Ann E. Holland","doi":"10.1177/24723444221132618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"261 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48303269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1177/24723444221119845
Md. Saiful Hoque, Md. Imranul Shahid, Abdullah Al Parvez, Md. Jakir Hossain, Sheenrina Miyan Sheen
Denim-like knitted fabrics are getting popular for their several favorable properties, such as flexibility, comfort, and ease of manufacturing. This study aimed to manufacture knitted denim fabrics made from various blend ratios of cotton, polyester, and spandex fibers. Seven fabrics with a fiber blend ratio ranging from 95% cotton/5% spandex to 30% cotton/65% polyester/5% spandex were developed using a weft circular knitting machine. First, the twill effect of the knitted denim fabric was brought by following a cross terry knitting structure to produce each fabric sample of this study. After that, the fabric performance was analyzed by characterizations, such as areal density, pilling and abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, stretch, and recovery, tear strength, bursting strength, air permeability, vertical wicking, liquid absorbency capacity, and different colorfastness tests. The results showed that different cotton, polyester, and spandex fiber compositions did not significantly affect knitted denim fabrics’ weight per unit area, abrasion resistance, and different color fastness properties. However, the elongation and vertical wicking test data showed that the knitted denim fabrics with a higher cotton fiber ratio were better. However, the results from shrinkage, spirality, pilling, recovery, strength, air permeability, and liquid absorbency capacity tests revealed the benefits of having a higher polyester fiber ratio in the cotton/polyester/spandex blended knitted denim fabrics. One-way analysis of the variance test was also performed on the generated data of this study and reported in the respective section of the article.
{"title":"Knitted Denim Fabrics: Fabrication Process and Fibrous Influence on Several Properties of the Fabric","authors":"Md. Saiful Hoque, Md. Imranul Shahid, Abdullah Al Parvez, Md. Jakir Hossain, Sheenrina Miyan Sheen","doi":"10.1177/24723444221119845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221119845","url":null,"abstract":"Denim-like knitted fabrics are getting popular for their several favorable properties, such as flexibility, comfort, and ease of manufacturing. This study aimed to manufacture knitted denim fabrics made from various blend ratios of cotton, polyester, and spandex fibers. Seven fabrics with a fiber blend ratio ranging from 95% cotton/5% spandex to 30% cotton/65% polyester/5% spandex were developed using a weft circular knitting machine. First, the twill effect of the knitted denim fabric was brought by following a cross terry knitting structure to produce each fabric sample of this study. After that, the fabric performance was analyzed by characterizations, such as areal density, pilling and abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, stretch, and recovery, tear strength, bursting strength, air permeability, vertical wicking, liquid absorbency capacity, and different colorfastness tests. The results showed that different cotton, polyester, and spandex fiber compositions did not significantly affect knitted denim fabrics’ weight per unit area, abrasion resistance, and different color fastness properties. However, the elongation and vertical wicking test data showed that the knitted denim fabrics with a higher cotton fiber ratio were better. However, the results from shrinkage, spirality, pilling, recovery, strength, air permeability, and liquid absorbency capacity tests revealed the benefits of having a higher polyester fiber ratio in the cotton/polyester/spandex blended knitted denim fabrics. One-way analysis of the variance test was also performed on the generated data of this study and reported in the respective section of the article.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"286 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49463182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1177/24723444221119847
Monika Moond, Sushila Singh, Seema Sangwan, R. Devi, Rajita Beniwal
Nanotechnology has become the foremost promising and rising field of analysis as a result of its applications in numerous fields. Development of consistent and greener ways for the synthesis of nanoparticles could be a dynamic step in the field of nanotechnology. To avoid the emergence of dangerous by-products, many attempts have been made in recent years to develop environment friendly methods. “Green” synthesis is a consistent, sustainable, and environment friendly method for the synthesis of an enormous range of nanoparticles. Green synthesis is seen as an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industries. Nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical and physical properties that are useful in various fields. Among metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have become a research hotspot due to their wide range of applications. Silver nanoparticles are important because of their exceptional chemical, physical, and biological properties. Because of these unique characteristics, silver nanoparticles have numerous applications and are used as antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial agents. They have an excellent catalytic effect on dye degradation, are very good antioxidants, and can be used to treat various diseases and exhibit wound-healing activities. The current review complies with the database of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, bacteria, and fungi, which have potential applications in fields of science, health, textiles, food packaging, agriculture, and environment. The review also highlights the application of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. The knowledge on silver nanoparticle production conditions, properties, molecular mechanisms, and applications will be of great help for researchers to explore more applications of nanoparticles in fields that are still untouched.
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review","authors":"Monika Moond, Sushila Singh, Seema Sangwan, R. Devi, Rajita Beniwal","doi":"10.1177/24723444221119847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221119847","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has become the foremost promising and rising field of analysis as a result of its applications in numerous fields. Development of consistent and greener ways for the synthesis of nanoparticles could be a dynamic step in the field of nanotechnology. To avoid the emergence of dangerous by-products, many attempts have been made in recent years to develop environment friendly methods. “Green” synthesis is a consistent, sustainable, and environment friendly method for the synthesis of an enormous range of nanoparticles. Green synthesis is seen as an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industries. Nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical and physical properties that are useful in various fields. Among metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have become a research hotspot due to their wide range of applications. Silver nanoparticles are important because of their exceptional chemical, physical, and biological properties. Because of these unique characteristics, silver nanoparticles have numerous applications and are used as antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial agents. They have an excellent catalytic effect on dye degradation, are very good antioxidants, and can be used to treat various diseases and exhibit wound-healing activities. The current review complies with the database of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, bacteria, and fungi, which have potential applications in fields of science, health, textiles, food packaging, agriculture, and environment. The review also highlights the application of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. The knowledge on silver nanoparticle production conditions, properties, molecular mechanisms, and applications will be of great help for researchers to explore more applications of nanoparticles in fields that are still untouched.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"272 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42904160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1177/24723444221119846
Zi-xiang Zhou, Si Chen
In this study, the compression behaviors of silicone rubber composites reinforced by warp-knitted spacer fabrics under 20% deformation were investigated by experiment and a finite element analysis method. Based on the compression test, including the compression tests of composites and the warp-knitted spacer fabrics, the compression behaviors of composites were investigated. This revealed that the composites exhibited excellent elastic recovery abilities. Furthermore, the finite element analysis model of composites was established based on the parameters of the geometry and performance of the composites. The simulated results by the finite element analysis model were compared with the experimental ones to verify the accuracy of the model. It is obvious that the compressive finite element analysis model had good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the compression performance of composites can be effectively simulated by the finite element analysis method. It is a useful tool for understanding the compression mechanism of composites and optimizing the composites’ parameters for cushioning applications.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Compression Behaviors of Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics","authors":"Zi-xiang Zhou, Si Chen","doi":"10.1177/24723444221119846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221119846","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the compression behaviors of silicone rubber composites reinforced by warp-knitted spacer fabrics under 20% deformation were investigated by experiment and a finite element analysis method. Based on the compression test, including the compression tests of composites and the warp-knitted spacer fabrics, the compression behaviors of composites were investigated. This revealed that the composites exhibited excellent elastic recovery abilities. Furthermore, the finite element analysis model of composites was established based on the parameters of the geometry and performance of the composites. The simulated results by the finite element analysis model were compared with the experimental ones to verify the accuracy of the model. It is obvious that the compressive finite element analysis model had good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the compression performance of composites can be effectively simulated by the finite element analysis method. It is a useful tool for understanding the compression mechanism of composites and optimizing the composites’ parameters for cushioning applications.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"240 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43531176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1177/24723444221119840
A. Ben Fraj, B. Jaouachi
This research aims to study the impact of desizing treatment on the bagging behavior of denim garments. Therefore, six denim fabrics with the same weaves and different characteristics were desized under different conditions. Then, the bagging behavior properties of the treated and untreated denim fabric were analyzed and investigated. Thanks to analysis of variance and the main effects plots, the influencing factors were found. The obtained results showed that the most important factors are the characteristics of the samples like the percentage of elastane and polyester fibers, and weight. In addition, it can be concluded that the concentration of desizing agents affects widely the bagging fatigue percentage.
{"title":"Effect of Desizing Treatment on the Bagging Behavior of Denim Fabrics","authors":"A. Ben Fraj, B. Jaouachi","doi":"10.1177/24723444221119840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221119840","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to study the impact of desizing treatment on the bagging behavior of denim garments. Therefore, six denim fabrics with the same weaves and different characteristics were desized under different conditions. Then, the bagging behavior properties of the treated and untreated denim fabric were analyzed and investigated. Thanks to analysis of variance and the main effects plots, the influencing factors were found. The obtained results showed that the most important factors are the characteristics of the samples like the percentage of elastane and polyester fibers, and weight. In addition, it can be concluded that the concentration of desizing agents affects widely the bagging fatigue percentage.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"262 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1177/24723444221119844
Tuba Toprak-Cavdur, P. Anis, Naime Çalışkan
Available and clean water resources in the world are decreasing day by day. Textiles is one of the industries that are consuming the highest volumes of water. For this reason, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly textile processes within the scope of sustainability. Reactive dyeing is followed by a washing process consisting of many steps to remove unfixed/hydrolyzed dyes, which is the most preferred dyeing in the coloring of cotton products. A high amount of water is consumed in these processes. In this study, an alternative washing process was developed instead of the conventional reactive washing process. The baths, which were decided to be used according to the transmittance values of the washing baths after dyeing in light, medium, and dark shades, were used again as the first two baths of the next washings. Alternative washing did not have a negative effect on the quality parameters, namely washing and rubbing fastnesses. As a result, it was observed that the last two baths of the washing cycle could be used as the first two baths of the next washing cycle. In this case, it was predicted that approximately 40%−50% water savings could be achieved. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Environmentally Friendly Reactive Washing Process: A Case Study","authors":"Tuba Toprak-Cavdur, P. Anis, Naime Çalışkan","doi":"10.1177/24723444221119844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221119844","url":null,"abstract":"Available and clean water resources in the world are decreasing day by day. Textiles is one of the industries that are consuming the highest volumes of water. For this reason, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly textile processes within the scope of sustainability. Reactive dyeing is followed by a washing process consisting of many steps to remove unfixed/hydrolyzed dyes, which is the most preferred dyeing in the coloring of cotton products. A high amount of water is consumed in these processes. In this study, an alternative washing process was developed instead of the conventional reactive washing process. The baths, which were decided to be used according to the transmittance values of the washing baths after dyeing in light, medium, and dark shades, were used again as the first two baths of the next washings. Alternative washing did not have a negative effect on the quality parameters, namely washing and rubbing fastnesses. As a result, it was observed that the last two baths of the washing cycle could be used as the first two baths of the next washing cycle. In this case, it was predicted that approximately 40%−50% water savings could be achieved. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"248 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42757348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1177/24723444221118980
G. Lou, Si Chen
In this study, a novel composite having a unique three-dimensional structure was investigated. Warp-knitted spacer fabrics with glass fiber woven fabric were chosen as the reinforcement, while polyurethane foam was used as the matrix materials. The glass fiber woven fabric was pretreated with the warp-knitted spacer fabric first, and then a hand lay-up method was used to fabricate the three-dimensional polyurethane-based composites. The mechanical properties of the finished composites were determined. The influence of the fabric thickness, the surface structure of the fabric, and whether the woven fabric is laminated or not on the mechanical properties of the three-dimensional polyurethane composites were determined. The results show that the fabric thickness is positively related to the tensile and compressive properties and inversely related to the bending properties of the three-dimensional knitted/woven hybrid polyurethane matrix composites, provided that the surface structure is the same. The tensile and compressive strengths of the composites were higher when the glass fiber woven fabric was laminated with the spacer fabric than when the three-dimensional knitted/woven hybrid polyurethane matrix composites were not taken. Therefore, the knitted/woven fabric as reinforcement improved the tensile and compressive properties of the composites.
{"title":"Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Polyurethane Composites Reinforced with Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics","authors":"G. Lou, Si Chen","doi":"10.1177/24723444221118980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221118980","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel composite having a unique three-dimensional structure was investigated. Warp-knitted spacer fabrics with glass fiber woven fabric were chosen as the reinforcement, while polyurethane foam was used as the matrix materials. The glass fiber woven fabric was pretreated with the warp-knitted spacer fabric first, and then a hand lay-up method was used to fabricate the three-dimensional polyurethane-based composites. The mechanical properties of the finished composites were determined. The influence of the fabric thickness, the surface structure of the fabric, and whether the woven fabric is laminated or not on the mechanical properties of the three-dimensional polyurethane composites were determined. The results show that the fabric thickness is positively related to the tensile and compressive properties and inversely related to the bending properties of the three-dimensional knitted/woven hybrid polyurethane matrix composites, provided that the surface structure is the same. The tensile and compressive strengths of the composites were higher when the glass fiber woven fabric was laminated with the spacer fabric than when the three-dimensional knitted/woven hybrid polyurethane matrix composites were not taken. Therefore, the knitted/woven fabric as reinforcement improved the tensile and compressive properties of the composites.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"231 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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