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Microinverter with reduced number of semiconductor switches 减少半导体开关数量的微型逆变器
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065517
Paulo R. Cagnini, L. H. Meneghetti, Victor E. S. Barbosa, E. Carati, C. Stein, Z. Nadal, Jean M. S. Lafay, Jean Patric da Costa, R. Cardoso
This paper proposes the use of a topology of a positive-input boost converter and symmetrical positive and negative outputs for the DC-DC stage of a microinverter connected to the electrical network with a small number of semiconductor switches. To validate and prove the operation of the system, simulations were performed in the PSIM software. All controllers and frequency-locked-loop (FLL) are exposed in the discrete form to facilitate implementation in a digital signal processor. For the reliability and adherence of the simulations with real cases, real data of solar irradiance and temperature of panels were experimentally collected and used.
本文提出使用正输入升压变换器和对称正负输出的拓扑结构,用于连接到具有少量半导体开关的电网的微型逆变器的DC-DC级。为了验证系统的有效性,在PSIM软件中进行了仿真。所有控制器和频率锁环(FLL)都以离散形式暴露,以便于在数字信号处理器中实现。为了保证模拟的可靠性和与实际情况的一致性,实验中收集并使用了太阳能板的真实太阳辐照度和温度数据。
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引用次数: 0
New Five-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter Fed by a Boost-Flyback DC-DC Voltage Source 升压反激直流电压源馈电的新型五电平飞电容逆变器
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065351
Antonio Venâncio de M. Lacerda Filho, A. E. L. da Costa, E. D. da Silva, Ronnan de B. Cardoso, D. Fernandes
This paper reports a new five-level pulse-width modulation (PWM) that includes a flying capacitor supplied by a boost/flyback DC-DC converter that also provides the DC-bus voltage. There is a significant reduction in the number of power devices and capacitors required to implement a conventional five-level flying capacitor inverter. The topology is free from complex PWM control to regulate the capacitor voltage and is capable of operating under any power factor condition. Simulated and experimental results validate the converter principle.
本文报道了一种新的五电平脉宽调制(PWM),其中包括一个由升压/反激DC-DC转换器提供的飞行电容器,该电容器还提供直流母线电压。实现传统的五电平飞行电容逆变器所需的功率器件和电容器数量显著减少。该拓扑不需要复杂的PWM控制来调节电容器电压,并且能够在任何功率因数条件下工作。仿真和实验结果验证了该变换器的原理。
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引用次数: 1
Real-Time implementation of a DC converter using Modified Nodal Analysis, Sparsity Handling and Parallelism on a DSP platform 利用改进节点分析、稀疏性处理和并行性在DSP平台上实时实现直流变换器
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065368
Luiz Felipe Corrêa de Sá Santos Ribeiro, F. Dicler, L. Rolim, M. Aredes
Modified Nodal Analysis(MNA) is a generalized method of discrete linear circuit analysis as a matrix equation, in which the matrix order is the sum of the number of nodes and the number of voltage sources, it also have additional lines for dynamic elements, such as capacitors and inductors, but for this work these lines were kept implicit using Nodal Analysis’ equations for historic sources. As this order grows, the computational effort for solving the equation grows to the square of its size. Therefore, optimizations are in place to better utilize the processing power of a hardware, so that more complex circuits can fit in less powerful simulators, avoiding problems associated with high values of time step, such as mathematical inaccuracy and instability. This paper presents a boost converter and a PI controller, each implemented in a separate Texas Instruments’ F28377S, assembled in a Hardware in the Loop configuration. The MNA is used for the plant discretization and a matrix multiplier is developed to solve it. This multiplier is then optimized with two methods: sparse matrix handling and a parallel multiplier. The sparsity is dealt with by storing the matrix in a Compressed Sparse Row(CSR) format and adjusting the multiplier. The parallel matrix multiplier is implemented using both the Control Law Accelerator(CLA) and the main CPU to reduce the processing time. The results presented by the comparison of each program shows that the The results are drawn from each multiplier and comparison is made between them, leading to a conclusion of the benefits of such implementation.
修正节点分析(MNA)是离散线性电路分析的一种广义方法,作为矩阵方程,其中矩阵阶是节点数和电压源数的总和,它也有动态元件的附加线,如电容器和电感,但在本工作中,这些线使用节点分析的历史源方程保持隐式。随着这个数量级的增长,求解方程的计算工作量增长到其大小的平方。因此,优化是为了更好地利用硬件的处理能力,以便更复杂的电路可以适应功能较弱的模拟器,避免与高时间步长值相关的问题,例如数学不准确和不稳定。本文介绍了一个升压转换器和一个PI控制器,分别在单独的德州仪器F28377S中实现,在硬件环路配置中组装。采用矩阵乘法器对目标进行离散化处理。然后使用两种方法对该乘法器进行优化:稀疏矩阵处理和并行乘法器。通过压缩稀疏行(CSR)格式存储矩阵并调整乘数来处理稀疏性。并行矩阵乘法器采用控制法加速器(CLA)和主CPU实现,缩短了处理时间。每个方案的比较结果表明,从每个乘法器中得出结果,并对它们进行比较,从而得出这样实施的好处的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and Comparison of the Dynamic Response of Direct and Indirect Rotor Flux Control Applied to an Asymmetrical Two-Phase Induction Motor 非对称两相感应电动机直接与间接转子磁链控制的动态响应分析与比较
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065299
Rafael de Farias Campos, J. de Oliveira, A. Nied
This paper discusses two methods for asymmetrical two-phase induction motor control. The direct rotor field oriented control (DRFOC) and the indirect rotor field control (IRFOC) methods are investigated. Both control strategies were implemented in the same hardware with little modifications in the control algorithm. However, the intrinsic model asymmetry causes extra coupling between the stator windings. To use the field-orientated method, the asymmetry must be eliminated by using a transformation based on the mutual inductances. Experimental investigation was carried out and a comparative analysis of the performance of the two methods of control is presented. Based on experimental results of the DRFOC and IRFOC control systems, it is shown that the speed control and the flux control present a fast response even under load disturbance. In addition, the complexity for implementing both systems is identical. Although some questions were raised concerning the use of such transformation, it is still a viable solution as is demonstrated by the results.
本文讨论了非对称两相异步电动机的两种控制方法。研究了直接转子场定向控制(DRFOC)和间接转子场定向控制(IRFOC)方法。两种控制策略在同一硬件上实现,控制算法修改很小。然而,固有的模型不对称会导致定子绕组之间产生额外的耦合。为了使用场定向方法,必须使用基于互感的变换来消除不对称。通过实验研究,对两种控制方法的性能进行了对比分析。基于DRFOC和IRFOC控制系统的实验结果表明,即使在负载扰动下,速度控制和磁链控制也具有快速响应。此外,实现这两个系统的复杂性是相同的。虽然对这种转化的使用提出了一些问题,但正如结果所表明的那样,它仍然是一种可行的解决办法。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Assembly of a Bipolar Marx Generator Based on Full-Bridge Topology Applied to Electroporation 应用于电穿孔的全桥拓扑双极马克思发生器的设计与装配
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065833
F. Imai, Y. D. de Novaes
In this work is presented a bipolar Marx Generator (MG) to create pulsed electric fields in electroporation, technique consisting of creating pores on plasma membranes in different medical treatments. The Marx Generator is a voltage multiplier that charges capacitors in parallel and discharges them in series on the output. A new position for the power switches is proposed in order to allow a better control of capacitor individual usage. The main electrical parameters are mentioned and explained how they affect the design of the electroporator. At the end, experimetal tests are performed using vegetable samples as load, to analyze the current response and visual effects of the pulses application.
在这项工作中,提出了一个双极马克思发生器(MG)在电穿孔中产生脉冲电场,技术包括在不同的医学治疗中在质膜上产生孔。马克思发生器是一种电压倍增器,它对并联电容器充电,并在输出端对其串联放电。为了更好地控制电容器的个人使用,提出了一种新的电源开关位置。介绍了电穿孔器的主要电气参数,并说明了它们对电穿孔器设计的影响。最后,以蔬菜样品为负载进行了实验测试,分析了脉冲应用的电流响应和视觉效果。
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引用次数: 2
Integrating a Single Z-Source Network with a Modular Multilevel Converter for Voltage Boosting 集成一个单一的z源网络与一个模块化的多电平转换器升压
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065704
F. Khera, C. Klumpner, P. Wheeler
This paper proposes the integration of a Z-source network with the modular multilevel converter (MMC) to add voltage boosting capability to a voltage step down converter. To limit the increase in complexity, the proposed Z-source modular multilevel converter uses a single Z-source network that is interconnected between the corresponding terminals of the DC- input source and the DC-link terminals of the MMC. The authors previously presented a modulation technique for quasi Z-source MMC (qZS-MMC) referred to as the reduced inserted cells (RICs) PWM but a large size inductor for the two quasi Z- source networks were needed. This paper shows that utilising the RICs scheme with the-source MMC is more advantageous compared with the qZS-MMC. The operation principle of the Z- source MMC using RICs scheme and the derivation of key design parameters is presented in this paper by analysing the relevant current and voltage waveforms. The simulation results verify the operation and showcase the excellent waveform performance of the proposed topology.
本文提出将z源网络与模块化多电平变换器(MMC)集成,为降压变换器增加升压能力。为了限制复杂性的增加,所提出的z源模块化多电平转换器使用单个z源网络,该网络在直流输入源的相应终端和MMC的直流链路终端之间互连。作者先前提出了一种准Z源MMC (qZS-MMC)的调制技术,称为减少插入单元(RICs) PWM,但这两种准Z源网络需要大尺寸的电感器。与qZS-MMC相比,采用源MMC的RICs方案具有更大的优势。本文通过对相关电流和电压波形的分析,给出了采用RICs方案的Z源MMC的工作原理和关键设计参数的推导。仿真结果验证了该拓扑的有效性,并展示了该拓扑良好的波形性能。
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引用次数: 1
Performance Analysis of Active Anti-islanding Techniques for Photovoltaic Application 光伏应用主动防孤岛技术性能分析
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065606
Marcos Roberto Oshiro, Ruben Barros Godoy, M. D. de Brito, L. Galotto
In this paper some anti-islanding detection methods are evaluated through MatLab/Simulink® models. The methods are embedded into the control system of a voltage source inverter that is used to inject power to the grid from a set of photovoltaic modules. Due to low efficiency of the passive methods in detection of islanding and to the high cost of implementing the remote methods, only the active methods will be evaluated. In that sense, this paper presents comparative analysis regarding Active Frequency Drift (AFD), Slip-Mode Frequency Shift (SMS) and Sandia Frequency Shift (SFS) methods. Commonly, the active methods are implemented combining the passive sub/overvoltage and sub/overfrequency protection methods. The simulations presented comply with the voltage and frequency limits established by IEEE Std 929-2000 and harmonic distortion established by IEEE Std 519-2014.
本文通过MatLab/Simulink®模型对几种抗孤岛检测方法进行了评价。这些方法被嵌入到电压源逆变器的控制系统中,该逆变器用于从一组光伏组件向电网注入电力。由于被动方法在孤岛检测中的效率较低,且远程方法的实施成本较高,因此仅对主动方法进行评估。在此意义上,本文对有源频移(AFD)、滑模频移(SMS)和桑迪亚频移(SFS)方法进行了比较分析。通常,主动保护方法是将无源次/过压和次/过频保护方法结合起来实现的。仿真结果符合IEEE标准929-2000规定的电压和频率限值以及IEEE标准519-2014规定的谐波失真。
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引用次数: 3
A Novel Phase-Locked Loop with Positive and Negative Sequence Detection Capability 一种具有正、负序列检测能力的锁相环
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065635
Jean M. L. Fonseca, Francisco Kleber A. Lima, C. Branco, R. G. Araújo
This paper proposes the expansion of two phase-locked loop structures to detect positive and negative sequence components. The first structure is a positive sequence detector only and the second one is a modification of the first one where an adaptive filter is added to increase filtering capability in scenarios with interharmonic distortion. Both proposed structures were implemented in the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) dSPACE 1103 platform together with two well known structures, the DSOGI-FLL and the DDSRF-PLL. Steady-state and dynamic response of each structure were analyzed in scenarios with either harmonic distortion only or harmonic and interharmonic distortion. Results showed that the proposed structures are highly accurate, specifically under harmonic distortion, however the structure with adaptive filter is slower. In addition, results showed that the structures are at least as precise and fast as the DSOGI-FLL and DDSRF-PLL. Lastly, under interharmonic distortion, it is also found that the PLL with adaptive filter has an overall better performance.
本文提出了两种锁相环结构的扩展,用于检测正负序列分量。第一种结构仅为正序检测器,第二种结构是对第一种结构的改进,其中增加了自适应滤波器以增加在谐波间失真情况下的滤波能力。这两种结构都是在硬件在环(HIL) dSPACE 1103平台上实现的,还有两种著名的结构,DSOGI-FLL和DDSRF-PLL。分析了各结构在谐波畸变和谐波间畸变两种情况下的稳态和动态响应。结果表明,该结构具有较高的精度,特别是在谐波失真的情况下,而带自适应滤波器的结构速度较慢。此外,结果表明,该结构的精度和速度至少与DSOGI-FLL和DDSRF-PLL相当。最后,在谐波间失真的情况下,采用自适应滤波器的锁相环具有更好的整体性能。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and Simulation of the Battery Energy Storage System for Analysis Impact in the Electrical Grid. 面向电网冲击分析的电池储能系统建模与仿真。
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065330
C. A. Caldeira, H. R. Schlickmann, A. D. de Almeida, L. V. Hartmann, C. Gehrke, F. Salvadori, Gilielson F. da Paz
With increasing use of intermittent renewable energy sources, energy storage is needed to maintain the balance between demand and supply. The renewable energy sources, e.g. solar and wind energy sources, are characterized by their intermittent generation, causing fluctuations in power generation, and, similarly, demand may vary. There may be fluctuations in power generation, and, similarly, demand may vary. Then, for these new sources become completely reliable as primary energy sources, energy storage is a crucial factor. This work uses real-time simulation to analyze the impact of battery-based energy storage systems on electrical systems. The simulator used is the OPAL-RT/5707™ real-time simulator, from OPAL-RT Technologies company. The simulated system consists of a three-phase inverter connected to a BESS (battery energy storage system) and to the electrical grid with variable loads. The obtained results from real-time simulations prove its effectiveness for this type of analysis and open the possibility to perform PHIL (power hardware in the loop) simulations.
随着间歇性可再生能源的使用越来越多,需要储能来维持供需平衡。可再生能源,如太阳能和风能,其特点是间歇性发电,造成发电量波动,同样,需求也可能变化。发电量可能会有波动,同样,需求也可能有所不同。然后,为了使这些新能源成为完全可靠的一次能源,储能是一个至关重要的因素。这项工作使用实时仿真来分析基于电池的储能系统对电力系统的影响。所使用的模拟器是OPAL-RT/5707™实时模拟器,来自OPAL-RT技术公司。仿真系统由一个三相逆变器组成,该逆变器连接到BESS(电池储能系统)和可变负载电网。通过实时仿真得到的结果证明了该方法对此类分析的有效性,并为进行电源硬件在环仿真提供了可能。
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引用次数: 1
Bridgeless Buck-Boost PFC Converter with Three-State Switching Cell 带三态开关单元的无桥压升压PFC变换器
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065748
D. C. Morais, Falcondes José Mendes de Seixas, Luís de Oro Arenas, Lucas Carvalho Souza, Luciano de Souza da Costa e Silva
In this paper, a bridgeless buck-boost converter with power factor correction is proposed, using a three-state switching cell named of B configuration, operating in continuous conduction mode. The bridgeless technique allows the bridge rectifier inclusion switched on power grid frequency, in the high frequency DC-DC converter stage, reducing the stages number required and increasing the structure reliability. Due to three-state switching cell configuration, there is a current stress division by half of the inductor current in all of circuit semiconductors. Moreover, the ripple frequency on converter energy storage elements is twice switching frequency value, which make easier the design of input and output passive filters and reduces the converter’s volume and weight. Preliminary simulation results prove the converter effectiveness on power factor correction, keeping output voltage stable in a specified operation point, with a total harmonic distortion of the input current less than 2%.
本文提出了一种具有功率因数校正的无桥降压-升压变换器,该变换器采用三态开关单元B结构,工作在连续导通模式下。无桥技术允许桥式整流器在高频DC-DC变换器级中包含电网频率开关,减少了所需的级数,提高了结构可靠性。由于三态开关电池的配置,在所有的电路半导体中,有一个电流应力划分为电感电流的一半。此外,变换器储能元件上的纹波频率为开关频率的两倍,使输入输出无源滤波器的设计更加简单,减小了变换器的体积和重量。初步的仿真结果证明了该变换器在功率因数校正方面的有效性,使输出电压在指定工作点保持稳定,输入电流的总谐波畸变小于2%。
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引用次数: 0
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电力电子
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