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A Research on Constant Voltage Output Characteristics of Wireless Power Transfer System with A DC-DC Converter 基于DC-DC变换器的无线电力传输系统恒压输出特性研究
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065540
Zhimeng Liu, Lifang Wang, Chengliang Yin, Yanjie Guo, Chengxuan Tao
This paper presents the analysis of constant voltage (CV) output wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a DC-DC converter load, including characteristics of system efficiency and output voltage. Firstly, the WPT system model with LCC/S compensation network and a DC-DC converter is established. Then, system transmission power and efficiency are deduced on the CV condition, and the boost circuit’s influence on the WPT system is analyzed. Finally, a 1kW WPT prototype is built and simulations are conducted. Experimental results have proved that a proper DC-DC converter can improve the WPT system’s efficiency and the WPT system can keep a constant output voltage.
本文分析了带DC-DC变换器负载的恒压输出无线电力传输系统,包括系统效率特性和输出电压特性。首先,建立了具有LCC/S补偿网络和DC-DC变换器的WPT系统模型。在此基础上,推导了系统在CV条件下的传输功率和效率,并分析了升压电路对WPT系统的影响。最后,建立了一台1kW WPT样机并进行了仿真。实验结果表明,适当的DC-DC变换器可以提高WPT系统的效率,并能保持WPT系统的输出电压恒定。
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引用次数: 7
Development of a Hybrid PV-Thermoelectric System 混合pv -热电系统的开发
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065298
Rafael Magalhães Nóbrega de Araújo, Hugo Álisson Alves da Costa, João T. de Carvalho Neto, Alexandre Magnus F. Guimarães, A. Salazar
The solar photovoltaic energy is one of the main renewable energy alternatives for countries to achieve a greater diversity in their energy matrix. It benefits from high levels of incident solar irradiance. However, the increase in temperature that comes with it, allied to other environmental variables lowers its overall yield. One cooling option is to use thermoelectric, or Peltier cells. This paper aims to study a hybrid system that seeks an increase of a photovoltaic module yield through its active cooling by a thermoelectric cell. Research strategies include evaluation of controlled temperature, number of thermoelectric cells for a given photovoltaic module, use of maximum power tracking algorithms together with control of the thermoelectric cells power supply to achieve an optimum point of operation. This study uses mathematical models, and simulations to show that the use of thermoelectric cells to cool off the photovoltaic module can increase its yield by up to 7% in the cases studied.
太阳能光伏能源是各国实现其能源矩阵更大多样性的主要可再生能源替代品之一。它受益于高水平的入射太阳辐照度。然而,随之而来的温度升高,加上其他环境变量,降低了它的总产量。一种冷却方法是使用热电或珀尔帖电池。本文旨在研究一种混合系统,该系统寻求通过热电电池的主动冷却来增加光伏组件的产量。研究策略包括评估控制温度、给定光伏组件的热电电池数量、使用最大功率跟踪算法以及控制热电电池电源以达到最佳运行点。这项研究使用数学模型和模拟表明,在研究的情况下,使用热电电池冷却光伏组件可以将其产量提高7%。
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引用次数: 0
Event Manager and Control Structure for High Performance Three-Phase Grid-tied Inverters 高性能三相并网逆变器的事件管理和控制结构
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065728
Victor E. S. Barbosa, R. A. S. Kraemer, E. Carati, J. D. da Costa, R. Cardoso, C. Stein
This paper presents a time and event based control strategy that guarantees the connection and operation of the grid-tied inverter to the IEEE 1547-2018 standard. The control structure is composed by a synchronization algorithm and current controller with active damping based on capacitor current estimation. This structure guarantees the high performance of the real time control presented in this paper. Moreover, the proposed control structure also includes the distributed generation (DG) manager, which is responsible for determining the operation mode of DG system: Connection; Active power limitation (Normal operation); Reactive power limitation; Dispatch interruption; and, Disconnection. Besides, flow charts are presented in order to describe the connection and disconnection procedures, as well the modes of operation. The proposed strategy is implemented in a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) connected to a Hardware in the Loop (HIL) system. Real time domain emulations are performed considering a 15 kW three-phase grid-tied inverter and the results are discussed.
本文提出了一种基于时间和事件的控制策略,保证并网逆变器的连接和运行符合IEEE 1547-2018标准。控制结构由同步算法和基于电容电流估计的主动阻尼电流控制器组成。这种结构保证了本文所提出的实时控制的高性能。此外,所提出的控制结构还包括分布式发电(DG)管理器,负责确定DG系统的运行模式:连接;有功功率限制(正常运行);无功功率限制;调度中断;断开。此外,还提供了流程图,以描述连接和断开程序以及操作方式。所提出的策略在连接到硬件在环(HIL)系统的DSP(数字信号处理器)中实现。以15kw三相并网逆变器为例进行了实时仿真,并对仿真结果进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating a Single Z-Source Network with a Modular Multilevel Converter for Voltage Boosting 集成一个单一的z源网络与一个模块化的多电平转换器升压
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065704
F. Khera, C. Klumpner, P. Wheeler
This paper proposes the integration of a Z-source network with the modular multilevel converter (MMC) to add voltage boosting capability to a voltage step down converter. To limit the increase in complexity, the proposed Z-source modular multilevel converter uses a single Z-source network that is interconnected between the corresponding terminals of the DC- input source and the DC-link terminals of the MMC. The authors previously presented a modulation technique for quasi Z-source MMC (qZS-MMC) referred to as the reduced inserted cells (RICs) PWM but a large size inductor for the two quasi Z- source networks were needed. This paper shows that utilising the RICs scheme with the-source MMC is more advantageous compared with the qZS-MMC. The operation principle of the Z- source MMC using RICs scheme and the derivation of key design parameters is presented in this paper by analysing the relevant current and voltage waveforms. The simulation results verify the operation and showcase the excellent waveform performance of the proposed topology.
本文提出将z源网络与模块化多电平变换器(MMC)集成,为降压变换器增加升压能力。为了限制复杂性的增加,所提出的z源模块化多电平转换器使用单个z源网络,该网络在直流输入源的相应终端和MMC的直流链路终端之间互连。作者先前提出了一种准Z源MMC (qZS-MMC)的调制技术,称为减少插入单元(RICs) PWM,但这两种准Z源网络需要大尺寸的电感器。与qZS-MMC相比,采用源MMC的RICs方案具有更大的优势。本文通过对相关电流和电压波形的分析,给出了采用RICs方案的Z源MMC的工作原理和关键设计参数的推导。仿真结果验证了该拓扑的有效性,并展示了该拓扑良好的波形性能。
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引用次数: 1
Application of Model Predictive Control in a Resolver-to-Digital Converter 模型预测控制在转数变换器中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065739
T. Estrabis, Raymundo Cordero García, E. Batista, Cristiano Quevedo Andrea, Márcio Afonso Soleira Grassi
A resolver is an angular position sensor used in applications that demands robustness and reliability, such as electric vehicles. However, getting the angular position from resolver output signals is a difficult task, and many algorithms were proposed to achieve that task. This paper describes the application of model predictive control (MPC) to get the angular position from resolver signals. Synchronous demodulation is used to get the envelopes of the resolver outputs and get the estimation error. The structure of the conventional model predictive controller was modified to be used as an angle tracking observer (ATO). Simulations show the performance of the proposed approach. According to the bibliographic review of the authors, it is the first time that model predictive control is applied as an observer to get the angular position from resolver signals.
解析器是一种角度位置传感器,用于要求鲁棒性和可靠性的应用,例如电动汽车。然而,从解析器输出信号中获取角度位置是一项困难的任务,提出了许多算法来实现这一任务。本文介绍了模型预测控制(MPC)在求解旋转器信号中的应用。采用同步解调的方法得到解析器输出的包络信号,得到估计误差。将传统模型预测控制器的结构改进为角度跟踪观测器(ATO)。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。根据文献综述,这是第一次将模型预测控制作为观测器从旋转器信号中获取角度位置。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis and Comparison of the Dynamic Response of Direct and Indirect Rotor Flux Control Applied to an Asymmetrical Two-Phase Induction Motor 非对称两相感应电动机直接与间接转子磁链控制的动态响应分析与比较
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065299
Rafael de Farias Campos, J. de Oliveira, A. Nied
This paper discusses two methods for asymmetrical two-phase induction motor control. The direct rotor field oriented control (DRFOC) and the indirect rotor field control (IRFOC) methods are investigated. Both control strategies were implemented in the same hardware with little modifications in the control algorithm. However, the intrinsic model asymmetry causes extra coupling between the stator windings. To use the field-orientated method, the asymmetry must be eliminated by using a transformation based on the mutual inductances. Experimental investigation was carried out and a comparative analysis of the performance of the two methods of control is presented. Based on experimental results of the DRFOC and IRFOC control systems, it is shown that the speed control and the flux control present a fast response even under load disturbance. In addition, the complexity for implementing both systems is identical. Although some questions were raised concerning the use of such transformation, it is still a viable solution as is demonstrated by the results.
本文讨论了非对称两相异步电动机的两种控制方法。研究了直接转子场定向控制(DRFOC)和间接转子场定向控制(IRFOC)方法。两种控制策略在同一硬件上实现,控制算法修改很小。然而,固有的模型不对称会导致定子绕组之间产生额外的耦合。为了使用场定向方法,必须使用基于互感的变换来消除不对称。通过实验研究,对两种控制方法的性能进行了对比分析。基于DRFOC和IRFOC控制系统的实验结果表明,即使在负载扰动下,速度控制和磁链控制也具有快速响应。此外,实现这两个系统的复杂性是相同的。虽然对这种转化的使用提出了一些问题,但正如结果所表明的那样,它仍然是一种可行的解决办法。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time implementation of a DC converter using Modified Nodal Analysis, Sparsity Handling and Parallelism on a DSP platform 利用改进节点分析、稀疏性处理和并行性在DSP平台上实时实现直流变换器
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065368
Luiz Felipe Corrêa de Sá Santos Ribeiro, F. Dicler, L. Rolim, M. Aredes
Modified Nodal Analysis(MNA) is a generalized method of discrete linear circuit analysis as a matrix equation, in which the matrix order is the sum of the number of nodes and the number of voltage sources, it also have additional lines for dynamic elements, such as capacitors and inductors, but for this work these lines were kept implicit using Nodal Analysis’ equations for historic sources. As this order grows, the computational effort for solving the equation grows to the square of its size. Therefore, optimizations are in place to better utilize the processing power of a hardware, so that more complex circuits can fit in less powerful simulators, avoiding problems associated with high values of time step, such as mathematical inaccuracy and instability. This paper presents a boost converter and a PI controller, each implemented in a separate Texas Instruments’ F28377S, assembled in a Hardware in the Loop configuration. The MNA is used for the plant discretization and a matrix multiplier is developed to solve it. This multiplier is then optimized with two methods: sparse matrix handling and a parallel multiplier. The sparsity is dealt with by storing the matrix in a Compressed Sparse Row(CSR) format and adjusting the multiplier. The parallel matrix multiplier is implemented using both the Control Law Accelerator(CLA) and the main CPU to reduce the processing time. The results presented by the comparison of each program shows that the The results are drawn from each multiplier and comparison is made between them, leading to a conclusion of the benefits of such implementation.
修正节点分析(MNA)是离散线性电路分析的一种广义方法,作为矩阵方程,其中矩阵阶是节点数和电压源数的总和,它也有动态元件的附加线,如电容器和电感,但在本工作中,这些线使用节点分析的历史源方程保持隐式。随着这个数量级的增长,求解方程的计算工作量增长到其大小的平方。因此,优化是为了更好地利用硬件的处理能力,以便更复杂的电路可以适应功能较弱的模拟器,避免与高时间步长值相关的问题,例如数学不准确和不稳定。本文介绍了一个升压转换器和一个PI控制器,分别在单独的德州仪器F28377S中实现,在硬件环路配置中组装。采用矩阵乘法器对目标进行离散化处理。然后使用两种方法对该乘法器进行优化:稀疏矩阵处理和并行乘法器。通过压缩稀疏行(CSR)格式存储矩阵并调整乘数来处理稀疏性。并行矩阵乘法器采用控制法加速器(CLA)和主CPU实现,缩短了处理时间。每个方案的比较结果表明,从每个乘法器中得出结果,并对它们进行比较,从而得出这样实施的好处的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-modular scalable DC-AC power converter for current injection to the grid based on predictive voltage control 基于电压预测控制的多模块可扩展直流-交流馈电变换器
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065887
S. Toledo, M. Rivera, E. Maqueda, M. Ayala, J. Pacher, C. Romero, R. Gregor, T. Dragičević, P. Wheeler
Increasing world electrical energy demand make necessary to develop new efficient and reliable schemes for power injection to the existing grid under distributed generation frames. In this work a novel DC-AC control scheme is proposed, which is based on one hand, on several 2L-VSI working together as a multi-modular converter in a parallel switching connection topology in the power converter stage and, in the other hand, a control strategy using two loops, an internal based on predictive voltage control and another external applying a PR current control, achieving THD levels lower than 1% for the injected current, accomplishing with the international standards for these kind of applications.
随着世界电力需求的不断增长,有必要在分布式发电框架下开发新的高效可靠的电网注入方案。在这项工作中,提出了一种新的DC-AC控制方案,该方案一方面基于多个2L-VSI在功率变换器阶段的并联开关连接拓扑中作为多模块转换器一起工作,另一方面基于两个回路的控制策略,一个内部基于预测电压控制,另一个外部应用PR电流控制,实现THD水平低于1%注入电流。在这类应用方面达到国际标准。
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引用次数: 3
Design Procedures and Prototyping of a Full-Bridge High Frequency Power Inverter 全桥高频电源逆变器的设计过程与原型制作
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065318
J. F. Guerreiro, Hildo Guillardi Júnior, J. Pomilio
Nowadays, power electronics inverters are everywhere, from customer electronics to industry applications. In the heart of these converters there are discrete semiconductor switches. Most applications make use of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), which are a first choice due to their switching capabilities (from several thousands of hertz to some tens of kilohertz’s) and power (from some tens of watts to megawatts). However, some applications may require faster switching frequencies, such as aeronautical and automotive electrical systems. In this scenario, FET-Based devices are a suitable choice due to their extremely fast switching characteristics. Yet, high speed switching creates problematic effects such as voltage and current oscillations which are disparately addressed in literature. Thus, this work incorporates various design advice to elaborate a methodology for the design of a 5kVA - 100kHz FET-Based full-bridge inverter. Recommendations are given for components selection, gate driver realization and layout of the power tracks. Simulations and experimental results are shown to validate the proposed methodology.
如今,电力电子逆变器无处不在,从客户电子到工业应用。在这些转换器的中心有分立的半导体开关。大多数应用使用绝缘栅双极晶体管(igbt),由于其开关能力(从几千赫兹到几十千赫兹)和功率(从几十瓦到兆瓦),这是首选。然而,一些应用可能需要更快的开关频率,例如航空和汽车电气系统。在这种情况下,基于fet的器件是一个合适的选择,因为它们具有极快的开关特性。然而,高速开关产生了诸如电压和电流振荡等问题,这些问题在文献中得到了不同的解决。因此,这项工作结合了各种设计建议,以详细阐述设计5kVA - 100kHz基于场效应晶体管的全桥逆变器的方法。对器件的选择、栅极驱动器的实现和电源轨道的布置提出了建议。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Test of a SRF-PLL Based Algorithm for Positive-Sequence Synchrophasor Measurements 基于SRF-PLL的正序列同步相量测量算法的设计与测试
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/COBEP/SPEC44138.2019.9065296
Gabriel Ubirajara de Carvalho, Gustavo Weber Denardin, R. Cardoso, C. F. Moraes
This paper presents the design, analysis and experimental testing of a SRF-PLL based algorithm for positive-sequence synchrophasor measurements in compliance with the IEEE C37.118.1-2011 and C37.118.1a-2014 standards. The proposed approach consists of a three-stage algorithm, being the first one a three-phase demodulation, which detach the positive-sequence from the negative sequence signal in the frequency domain, as well as removes the zero sequence. The second stage is a finite impulse response filter (FIR) that is applied in order to improve the noise and interference rejection. Such class of digital filters was chosen by its characteristics of linear phase and constant group delay. Finally, the last stage is carried out by a synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop featuring magnitude normalization and proportional-integral controller, which estimates amplitude, phase, frequency and rate of change of frequency. The experimental results obtained by a test platform show that steady-state criteria are met.
本文介绍了一种基于SRF-PLL的正序同步量测量算法的设计、分析和实验测试,该算法符合IEEE C37.118.1-2011和c37.118.1 -2014标准。该方法由三阶段算法组成,第一阶段是三相解调,在频域将正序列与负序列信号分离,并去除零序列。第二阶段是有限脉冲响应滤波器(FIR),用于提高噪声和抗干扰性。这类数字滤波器是根据其线性相位和恒定群延迟的特性来选择的。最后,采用幅度归一化的同步参考帧锁相环和比例积分控制器进行最后一步,估计振幅、相位、频率和频率变化率。在实验平台上进行的实验结果表明,该方法满足稳态准则。
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引用次数: 0
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电力电子
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