Acta cirurgica brasileira最新文献

Purpose: To explore the protection of naringenin against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced HT22 cell injury, a cell model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro, focusing on SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Methods: Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (4-HNE) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured by commercial kits. Inflammatory cytokines levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions were monitored by Western blot analysis.

Results: Naringenin significantly ameliorated OGD/R-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HT22 cells. Meanwhile, naringenin promoted SIRT1 and FOXO1 protein expressions in OGD/R-subjected HT22 cells. In addition, naringenin attenuated OGD/R-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress (the increased ROS, MDA and 4-HNE levels, and the decreased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities) and inflammatory response (the increased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6 levels and the decreased IL-10 level), which were blocked by the inhibition of the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway induced by SIRT1-siRNA transfection.

Conclusions: Naringenin protected HT22 cells against OGD/R injury depending on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities via promoting the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer is responsible for 9.4% of cancer deaths, and low polyp detection rate and cecal intubation rate increase the risks of interval colorectal cancer. Despite several population studies that address colonoscopy quality measures, there is still a shortage of these studies in Latin America. The aim of this study was to assess quality indicators in colonoscopy, enabling future strategies to improve colorectal cancer prevention.

Methods: An observational retrospective study, in which all colonoscopies performed in 11 hospitals were evaluated through a review of medical records. Information such as procedure indication, colorectal polyp detection rate, cecal intubation rate, quality of colonic preparation, and immediate adverse events were collected and analyzed.

Results: In 17,448 colonoscopies performed by 86 endoscopists, 57.9% were in patients aged 50 to 74 years old. Colon preparation was adequate in 94.4% procedures, with rates of cecal intubation and polyp detection of 94 and 36.6%, respectively. Acute adverse events occurred in 0.2%. In 53.9%, high-definition imaging equipment was used. The procedure location, colon preparation and high-definition equipment influenced polyp detection rates (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The extraction and analysis of electronic medical records showed that there are opportunities for improvement in colonoscopy quality indicators in the participating hospitals.

Purpose: The effects of hesperidin application on the wound caused by esophageal burns were investigated in this study.

Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Control group: only 1 mL of 0.09% NaCl was administered i.p. for 28 days; Burn group: An alkaline esophageal burn model was created with 0.2 mL of 25% NaOH orally by gavage-1 mL of 0.09% NaCl was administered i.p. for 28 days; Burn+Hesperidin group: 1 mL of 50 mL/kg of hesperidin was given i.p. for 28 days to rats after burn injury. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Esophagus samples were processed for histochemical staining and immunohistochemistry.

Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were significantly increased in Burn group. Glutathione (GSH) content and histological scores of epithelialization, collagen formation, neovascularization was decreased. After hesperidin treatment, these values were significantly improved in the Burn+Hesperidin group. In the Burn group, epithelial cells and muscular layers were degenerated. Hesperidin treatment restored these pathologies in Burn+Hesperidin group. Ki-67 and caspase-3 expressions were mainly negative in control group; however, the expression was increased in the Burn group. In the Burn+Hesperidin group, Ki-67 and caspase-3 immune activities were reduced.

Conclusions: Hesperidin dosage and application methods can be developed as an alternative treatment for burn healing and treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of polysaccharides from aloe vera (PAV), a main active ingredient of Aloe vera, treatment in pulpitis rats.

Methods: Pulpitis were modeled by drilling the occlusal central fossa with Sprague Dawley rats. Next, the rats were treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg PAV for three weeks, respectively. Computed tomography scanning assay, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to detect the pathology change. Then, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, prostaglandin E2, and ciclooxigenase 2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 human (BMP-2), osteocalcin, osterix, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting (WB). Finally, Wnt3a expression, p-GSK3β/GSK3β and p-β-catenin/β-catenin ratio were analyzed by WB.

Results: PAV up regulated the bone mineral density, and reduced the breakage of the crown and cervical structures, and the necrosis of the crown and root pulp of pulpitis rats. In addition, results indicated that PAV could inhibit osteoblast formation. While osteoblasts' number was decreased, proteins of BMP-2, osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx2 were up-regulated by PAV. Furthermore, PAV increased the Wnt3a expression and the p-β-catenin/β-catenin ratio, and decreased p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratio. Interestingly, these effects were all in dose dependence.

Conclusions: PAV could inhibit pulp inflammation and promote osteoblasts differentiation via suppressing the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enhancing the dental bone density.

Purpose: To investigate the role of renal denervation (RDN) on endogenous ouabain (EO) secretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods: Sixteen 12-week-old male SHR were randomly separated into the renal denervation group (RDNX group) and sham operation group (sham group), and eight age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were served as control group. EO concentrations, the Na+- K+-ATPaseactivity, and the expression of Na+-K+-ATPase were assessed.

Results: EO levels in serum, kidneys and hypothalamus of sham group were higher than in RDNX group (p < 0.05). Renal Na+-K+-ATPase activity subjected to denervation surgery showed significantly reduction when compared with the sham groups (p < 0.05). A positive correlation existed between norepinephrine (NE) content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the kidney (r2 = 0.579). Renal Na+-K+-ATPase α1 subunit mRNA expression was down-regulated in the RDNX group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05), while renal Na+-K+-ATPase α1 subunit mRNA expression was no statistical significance between the groups (P = 0.63). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the renal expression of Na+-K+-ATPasebetween the three groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: These experiments demonstrate that RDN exerted an anti-hypertensive effect with reduction of EO levels and Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Na+-K+-ATPase α1 subunit expression of kidney in SHR.

Purpose: To observe the mechanism of prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali in treating osteoporosis.

Methods: Osteoporosis rat model was established by bilateral ovariectomy combined with low-calcium diet feeding. Bone mineral density was measured by bone densitometer. Bone metabolism markers in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), bone tissue structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the effect of prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was investigated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Compared with the model group, the bone tissue structure and imbalance of bone metabolism were improved, and the bone mineral density was significantly increased in the prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali groups. After intervention with prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali, the positive expression of PIK3CA and Akt1 in rat bone tissue was enhanced, and the expression levels of Akt1 mRNA were significantly increased.

Conclusions: Prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali may treat osteoporosis by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.

Purpose: To evaluate macro/microscopic viability of the upper pole (UP) in rats after 80 days of subtotal splenectomy preserving the upper pole (SSPUP).

Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were submitted to SSPUP. After 80 days, the rats were euthanized, and the remaining UP was evaluated macroscopically regarding appearance, color, consistency, length, width, thickness, and presence of fibrosis/necrosis; and microscopically regarding presence of red and white pulp, fibrosis/necrosis.

Results: Two rats died during surgery and were removed from the statistical analysis. There was statistically significant increase in length and width between the pre and postoperative in the experimental group, with no significant difference in thickness. In the manipulation group, the macroscopic appearance of the spleen was normal in pre and postoperative, with viability preserved. In the experimental group, two UP of the spleen were not found during the second surgery. Macroscopically, it was observed absence of fibrosis and necrosis in all cases. Microscopically, the white and red pulp were intact in both groups. Two spleens of rats in the manipulation group presented areas with fibrosis and necrosis focus, which were not enough to be considered inviable.

Conclusions: The UP of the spleen remained viable in 91.3% of the cases.

Purpose: To evaluate effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) associated with Ringer lactate or hypertonic saline in inflammation and bacterial translocation on experimental intestinal obstruction (IO).

Methods: Wistar rats was subjected to IO. Six or 24 hours after, rats were subjected to enterectomy and fluid resuscitation: IO, RL (subjected to the same procedures but with fluid resuscitation using Ringer's lactate solution); RLNAC (added NAC to Ringer's solution); and HSNAC (surgical procedure + fluid reposition with 7.5% hypertonic saline and NAC). After 24 h, tissues were collected to cytokines, bacterial translocation, and histological assessments.

Results: In kidney, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was lower in the groups with fluid resuscitation compared to IO group. The RLNAC showed lower levels compared to the RL. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and (IFN-gamma) were lower in the treatment groups than in IO. In lung, IL-1beta and IL-6 were lower in RLNAC compared to IO. IL-10 was lower in RL, RLNAC and HSNAC compared to IO. TNF-alpha was higher in HSNAC compared to both RL and RLNAC. Bacterial translocation was observed in all animals of IO group. In kidneys, inflammation and congestion degrees were lower in HSNAC compared to RL. In lungs, inflammation levels were higher in RLNAC compared with the sham group.

Conclusions: The data indicates that NAC associated with RL can promote a decrease in the inflammatory process in the kidneys and lungs in rats, following intestinal obstruction and ischemia in rats.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer among men in the Western population. Infections, such as the one caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), have been shown to promote inflammation that can lead to the appearance of neoplasms. This study aimed to verify the presence of HPV in neoplastic and non-neoplastic prostate tissue in patients undergoing prostate biopsy and its possible relationship with PCa.

Methods: Prostate tissue fragments were collected by prostate biopsy and subjected to polymerase chain reaction with primers for the HPV L1 gene to identify the presence of the virus.

Results: Among 162 patients, 10 (6.2%) had HPV and in 152 (93.8%) HPV was not identified in prostate biopsies. HPV was detected in 7/95 (7.4%) of patients with PCa, in 2/55 (3.6%) of patients without PCa, and in no patient with an inconclusive diagnosis of PCa. There was no significant difference (p = 0.487) of HPV presence in the tissue of patients with PCa.

Conclusions: There were no significant levels of HPV L1 protein in prostate tissue. The findings suggest the absence of HPV oncogenic activity in the prostate tissue of patients with PCa.

Purpose: Sepsis is characterized by an acute inflammatory response to infection, often with multiple organ failures, especially severe lung injury. This study was implemented to probe circular RNA (circRNA) protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2)-associated regulatory mechanisms in septic acute lung injury (ALI).

Methods: A cecal ligation and puncture-based mouse model and an lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-based alveolar type II cell (RLE-6TN) model were generated to mimic sepsis. In the two models, inflammation- and pyroptosis-related genes were measured.

Results: The degree of lung injury in mice was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the apoptosis was by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. In addition, pyroptosis and toxicity were detected in cells. Finally, the binding relationship between circPTK2, miR-766, and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) was detected. Data indicated that circPTK2 and eIF5A were up-regulated and miR-766 was down-regulated in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells and lung tissue of septic mice. Lung injury in septic mice was ameliorated after inhibition of circPTK2.

Conclusions: It was confirmed in the cell model that knockdown of circPTK2 effectively ameliorated LPS-induced ATP efflux, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Mechanistically, circPTK2 mediated eIF5A expression by competitively adsorbing miR-766. Taken together, circPTK2/miR-766/eIF5A axis ameliorates septic ALI, developing a novel therapeutic target for the disease.