Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00696
Xiaowei Wu, Xiao Huang, Kun Lu, Xiaoli Zhao, Racliffe Weng Seng Lai, Shixiang Gao
Figure 1. Challenges for the in situ detection of nanoplastics in natural waters and associated risk assessment. Abbreviations: DOM, dissolved organic matter; SSBD, shrinking surface bubble deposition; SRS, stimulated Raman scattering; O-PTIR, optical photothermal infrared. Dr. Xiaoli Zhao is the deputy director of the State Key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES). Her research interests mainly cover biogeochemistry and chemistry. She has made remarkable contributions to the environmental occurrence, fate, and human health risks of emerging environmental pollutants such as micro- and nanoplastics. She is a recipient of a Distinguished Young Scholar of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the deputy director of the Young Scientist Branch of the Chinese Environmental Society. This work was financially supported by the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST (1523142401062), the Youth Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (SBK2024044701), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22376097, 41925031, 22406091, and 41521003). This article references 8 other publications. This article has not yet been cited by other publications.
{"title":"In Situ Identification and Visualization: The Next Qomolangma Till Nanoplastic Risk Calculated in Real Aquatic Ecosystems","authors":"Xiaowei Wu, Xiao Huang, Kun Lu, Xiaoli Zhao, Racliffe Weng Seng Lai, Shixiang Gao","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00696","url":null,"abstract":"Figure 1. Challenges for the in situ detection of nanoplastics in natural waters and associated risk assessment. Abbreviations: DOM, dissolved organic matter; SSBD, shrinking surface bubble deposition; SRS, stimulated Raman scattering; O-PTIR, optical photothermal infrared. Dr. Xiaoli Zhao is the deputy director of the State Key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES). Her research interests mainly cover biogeochemistry and chemistry. She has made remarkable contributions to the environmental occurrence, fate, and human health risks of emerging environmental pollutants such as micro- and nanoplastics. She is a recipient of a Distinguished Young Scholar of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the deputy director of the Young Scientist Branch of the Chinese Environmental Society. This work was financially supported by the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST (1523142401062), the Youth Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (SBK2024044701), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22376097, 41925031, 22406091, and 41521003). This article references 8 other publications. This article has not yet been cited by other publications.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00327
Noor Hamdan, Carmen Villaruel, Matthew N. Newmeyer, Veronica Wallace, John R. Spear, James F. Ranville, Carsten Prasse
Water-based recreational activities can impact freshwater systems, but the resulting anthropogenic alterations to the chemical and microbial composition of natural streams remain poorly understood. Utilizing state-of-the-art analytical approaches, including liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we investigated changes in stream chemistry and microbiology resulting from recreational activities in Clear Creek (Golden, Colorado). Spatial and temporal sampling was conducted for 3 days over a summer holiday weekend when a large influx of recreational float tubing activity occurred. Nontarget LC-HRMS analysis demonstrated substantial differences in the organic fingerprint on days and locations with high recreational use compared to that of low use. Similarly, increases in the total suspended solids were correlated with suspended particulate metal concentrations (Al, Cu, Ti, Pb, and Zn). Element ratios suggest recreation-induced resuspension of streambed sediments as the metal source rather than other anthropogenic inputs (e.g., Ti/Zn-containing sunscreens). Gene sequencing revealed significant shifts in the stream microbial community, supporting an input of human-associated enteric microbiota during high recreation periods. However, the overall results indicate that recreational activities have a short-lived effect on the stream. In this work, we established a first-of-its-kind holistic assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activity on a natural stream by simultaneously considering changes in the organic, inorganic, and microbial fingerprints.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Recreational Activities on Streams: A Colorado Case Study","authors":"Noor Hamdan, Carmen Villaruel, Matthew N. Newmeyer, Veronica Wallace, John R. Spear, James F. Ranville, Carsten Prasse","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00327","url":null,"abstract":"Water-based recreational activities can impact freshwater systems, but the resulting anthropogenic alterations to the chemical and microbial composition of natural streams remain poorly understood. Utilizing state-of-the-art analytical approaches, including liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we investigated changes in stream chemistry and microbiology resulting from recreational activities in Clear Creek (Golden, Colorado). Spatial and temporal sampling was conducted for 3 days over a summer holiday weekend when a large influx of recreational float tubing activity occurred. Nontarget LC-HRMS analysis demonstrated substantial differences in the organic fingerprint on days and locations with high recreational use compared to that of low use. Similarly, increases in the total suspended solids were correlated with suspended particulate metal concentrations (Al, Cu, Ti, Pb, and Zn). Element ratios suggest recreation-induced resuspension of streambed sediments as the metal source rather than other anthropogenic inputs (e.g., Ti/Zn-containing sunscreens). Gene sequencing revealed significant shifts in the stream microbial community, supporting an input of human-associated enteric microbiota during high recreation periods. However, the overall results indicate that recreational activities have a short-lived effect on the stream. In this work, we established a first-of-its-kind holistic assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activity on a natural stream by simultaneously considering changes in the organic, inorganic, and microbial fingerprints.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar interface evaporation is considered an innovative and effective technology for combating global freshwater scarcity, with its effectiveness primarily hinging on the efficiency of photothermal materials. Here, we designed a solar evaporation device comprising a sponge layer for water collection and a polypyrrole (PPy) layer chemically deposited on a single-sided flannel (PPy@SSF) for sunlight absorption. The fiber array within PPy@SSF facilitates to absorb light energy, establishing a heating interface between the light absorption layer and the water. The sponge layer not only aids in water collection but also serves as a thermal insulation layer, preventing heat dispersion. The resulting device exhibits characteristics such as high water evaporation, robust stability, and resistance to salt. The daily water output reaches 8.12 kg m–2 under direct sunlight. In desalinating simulated seawater, the ion concentrations in the condensed water were reduced by 4 orders. Furthermore, heavy metal ions in purified water from sewage were reduced by at least 3 orders of magnitude. Additionally, the properties of the device showed no attenuation after being used repeatedly 10 times under 1 sun. Our research provides a platform with high photothermal conversion efficiency for seawater and sewage purification.
{"title":"Highly Efficient Solar-Driven Interface Water Evaporation Achieved on Polypyrrole@Single-Sided Flannel","authors":"Tian Wu, Wanhui Shi, Yunzhen Chang, Ying Zhang, Yue Zhang, Yanping Li, Sheng Zhu, Fengzhen Yuan, Gaoyi Han","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00708","url":null,"abstract":"Solar interface evaporation is considered an innovative and effective technology for combating global freshwater scarcity, with its effectiveness primarily hinging on the efficiency of photothermal materials. Here, we designed a solar evaporation device comprising a sponge layer for water collection and a polypyrrole (PPy) layer chemically deposited on a single-sided flannel (PPy@SSF) for sunlight absorption. The fiber array within PPy@SSF facilitates to absorb light energy, establishing a heating interface between the light absorption layer and the water. The sponge layer not only aids in water collection but also serves as a thermal insulation layer, preventing heat dispersion. The resulting device exhibits characteristics such as high water evaporation, robust stability, and resistance to salt. The daily water output reaches 8.12 kg m<sup>–2</sup> under direct sunlight. In desalinating simulated seawater, the ion concentrations in the condensed water were reduced by 4 orders. Furthermore, heavy metal ions in purified water from sewage were reduced by at least 3 orders of magnitude. Additionally, the properties of the device showed no attenuation after being used repeatedly 10 times under 1 sun. Our research provides a platform with high photothermal conversion efficiency for seawater and sewage purification.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00479
Rachel Smolinski, Patricia Clyde, Caitlin Asato, Bruce Brownawell, Christopher Gobler, Carrie McDonough
Nitrogen-removing biofilters (NRBs) are alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems that can remove some trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) from domestic wastewater, though the dominant removal mechanisms are uncertain. We conducted column experiments representative of the nitrifying sand layer of an NRB to evaluate the contribution of sorption to removal of 16 wastewater-relevant TOrCs. The contribution of sorption was >25% for eight of the 16 TOrCs in at least one experimental treatment and >50% for five TOrCs. Transformation appeared to account for 51–93% of TOrC removal in columns. Transformation product screening resulted in the tentative identification of three TOrC transformation products in column effluent. To compare the bench-scale experiment to realistic field conditions, we analyzed solid samples from a recently excavated full-scale NRB. Median concentrations of sorbed TOrCs ranged from 0.02 to 5.09 ng/g in column studies and 0.05–7.14 ng/g in the full-scale NRB. Overall, the majority of TOrC removal in our laboratory study was by transformation, though some hydrophobic TOrCs exhibited significant removal by sorption. The concentration of sorbed hydrophobic TOrCs in aged NRBs and release of transformation products of frequently detected TOrCs should be taken into consideration during future system design and optimization.
{"title":"Removal of Organic Contaminants in On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems: The Role of Sorption and Transformation","authors":"Rachel Smolinski, Patricia Clyde, Caitlin Asato, Bruce Brownawell, Christopher Gobler, Carrie McDonough","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00479","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen-removing biofilters (NRBs) are alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems that can remove some trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) from domestic wastewater, though the dominant removal mechanisms are uncertain. We conducted column experiments representative of the nitrifying sand layer of an NRB to evaluate the contribution of sorption to removal of 16 wastewater-relevant TOrCs. The contribution of sorption was >25% for eight of the 16 TOrCs in at least one experimental treatment and >50% for five TOrCs. Transformation appeared to account for 51–93% of TOrC removal in columns. Transformation product screening resulted in the tentative identification of three TOrC transformation products in column effluent. To compare the bench-scale experiment to realistic field conditions, we analyzed solid samples from a recently excavated full-scale NRB. Median concentrations of sorbed TOrCs ranged from 0.02 to 5.09 ng/g in column studies and 0.05–7.14 ng/g in the full-scale NRB. Overall, the majority of TOrC removal in our laboratory study was by transformation, though some hydrophobic TOrCs exhibited significant removal by sorption. The concentration of sorbed hydrophobic TOrCs in aged NRBs and release of transformation products of frequently detected TOrCs should be taken into consideration during future system design and optimization.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00346
Saurabh Singh, Gourav Suthar, Niha Mohan Kulshreshtha, Urmila Brighu, Achintya N Bezbaruah, Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta
This study investigates the optimized design of horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs) to enhance pollutant removal efficiency while minimizing surface area requirements, particularly in the Southeast Asian region. By refining the first-order removal rate coefficient (k) for organics and nutrients, the research aims to meet specific performance benchmarks across three scenarios, ensuring compliance with discharge or reuse standards. Utilizing a data set comprising 1680 entries, five machine learning models─multiple linear regression (MLR), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector regression (SVR)─were employed to predict k values. Pearson’s correlation, heat maps, and ANOVA analysis identified the most influential parameters affecting k-value predictions. The k values ranged from 0.01 to 0.52 per day using the P–k–C* method, essential for effective pollutant removal. The SVR model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, with R2 values of 0.91 for kBOD, 0.90 for kTN, 0.82 for kTKN, and 0.76 for kTP. This optimization reduced standard deviations significantly, from 136.90% to 2.28%. Consequently, the required wetland area was reduced by up to 68% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 60% for TN (total nitrogen), and 67% for TP (total phosphorus) in larger systems, supporting the tailored design of HFCWs to meet targeted discharge standards.
{"title":"A Futuristic Approach to Subsurface-Constructed Wetland Design for the South-East Asian Region Using Machine Learning","authors":"Saurabh Singh, Gourav Suthar, Niha Mohan Kulshreshtha, Urmila Brighu, Achintya N Bezbaruah, Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00346","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the optimized design of horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs) to enhance pollutant removal efficiency while minimizing surface area requirements, particularly in the Southeast Asian region. By refining the first-order removal rate coefficient (<i>k</i>) for organics and nutrients, the research aims to meet specific performance benchmarks across three scenarios, ensuring compliance with discharge or reuse standards. Utilizing a data set comprising 1680 entries, five machine learning models─multiple linear regression (MLR), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector regression (SVR)─were employed to predict <i>k</i> values. Pearson’s correlation, heat maps, and ANOVA analysis identified the most influential parameters affecting <i>k</i>-value predictions. The <i>k</i> values ranged from 0.01 to 0.52 per day using the <i>P</i>–<i>k</i>–<i>C</i>* method, essential for effective pollutant removal. The SVR model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values of 0.91 for <i>k</i><sub>BOD</sub>, 0.90 for <i>k</i><sub>TN</sub>, 0.82 for <i>k</i><sub>TKN</sub>, and 0.76 for <i>k</i><sub>TP</sub>. This optimization reduced standard deviations significantly, from 136.90% to 2.28%. Consequently, the required wetland area was reduced by up to 68% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 60% for TN (total nitrogen), and 67% for TP (total phosphorus) in larger systems, supporting the tailored design of HFCWs to meet targeted discharge standards.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00164
Reshma Ramesh, Efrat Frank, Aswathi Padmavilochanan, Yuval Barda, Itay Eldar, Hanna Wolf, Asaf Pras, Dana Pousty, Parameswari Anita, Lekha Shekar, J. Sophie von Lieres, Bhavani Rao R, Hadas Mamane, Ram Fishman
Regular monitoring of drinking water quality is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6, but conventional methods are costly and challenging to implement in low-resource settings. Community-based monitoring, facilitated by sensor technology and information and communication tools, offers a more efficient and affordable approach, yet data reliability is uncertain. This study investigated whether minimally trained nonexpert rural women could reliably monitor drinking water quality, household water treatment and safe storage practices in low-resource settings using an integrated water quality testing kit. The kit combined a mobile app with sensors for detecting chemical (hardness, pH, alkalinity, chlorine, total dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation–reduction potential, turbidity) and biological (Escherichia coli) contamination. The AquaGenX P/A kit was used to measured E. coli. We examined the interrater reliability and agreement between data collected by 27 rural women and our research team in 1673 rural households in Tanzania and two Indian states. Results showed robust, moderate to high levels of agreement and interrater reliability between the nonexperts and experts, suggesting the method delivers valuable water quality data. Rural women’s involvement also led to empowerment, accountability, and ownership through technology. Our results indicate community-based initiatives’ potential to improve water quality management in resource-constrained contexts.
{"title":"Reliable Water Quality Monitoring by Women in Low-Resource Communities","authors":"Reshma Ramesh, Efrat Frank, Aswathi Padmavilochanan, Yuval Barda, Itay Eldar, Hanna Wolf, Asaf Pras, Dana Pousty, Parameswari Anita, Lekha Shekar, J. Sophie von Lieres, Bhavani Rao R, Hadas Mamane, Ram Fishman","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00164","url":null,"abstract":"Regular monitoring of drinking water quality is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6, but conventional methods are costly and challenging to implement in low-resource settings. Community-based monitoring, facilitated by sensor technology and information and communication tools, offers a more efficient and affordable approach, yet data reliability is uncertain. This study investigated whether minimally trained nonexpert rural women could reliably monitor drinking water quality, household water treatment and safe storage practices in low-resource settings using an integrated water quality testing kit. The kit combined a mobile app with sensors for detecting chemical (hardness, pH, alkalinity, chlorine, total dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation–reduction potential, turbidity) and biological (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) contamination. The AquaGenX P/A kit was used to measured <i>E. coli</i>. We examined the interrater reliability and agreement between data collected by 27 rural women and our research team in 1673 rural households in Tanzania and two Indian states. Results showed robust, moderate to high levels of agreement and interrater reliability between the nonexperts and experts, suggesting the method delivers valuable water quality data. Rural women’s involvement also led to empowerment, accountability, and ownership through technology. Our results indicate community-based initiatives’ potential to improve water quality management in resource-constrained contexts.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00343
Yawen Liu, Wendy Smith, Metasebia Gebrewold, Stuart L. Simpson, David T. Williams, Xinhong Wang, Warish Ahmed
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and the Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) are mosquito-borne pathogens capable of transmission from animals to humans, causing significant economic and public health impacts in affected countries. Pigs serve as amplifying hosts for JEV and potentially play a role in the natural ecology of MVEV. Reports of JEV viral shedding underscore the prospect of wastewater surveillance for early detection and intervention for animal and human health. To assess the feasibility of wastewater surveillance, the decay rates of JEV and MVEV RNA were determined under the simulated diurnal temperatures in summer and winter by seeding these viruses in piggery wastewater collected from three potential surveillance sites (shed, pit, and lagoon). During a 52-day experiment, a one log10 reduction in RNA copies was found for JEV within 24.8–36.4 days, while MVEV experienced a 90% reduction ranging from 15.5 to 24.4 days, which was significantly faster than that of JEV. Seasonal temperature and site-specific differences significantly influenced the RNA decay rates of both viruses in piggery wastewater samples. These data indicated the sufficient persistence of JEV and MVEV under diurnal temperatures in summer and winter conditions, which would facilitate surveillance of viruses in piggery environments.
{"title":"The Effect of Diurnal Temperature Fluctuations on the Decay of Japanese Encephalitis and Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus RNA Seeded in Piggery Wastewater","authors":"Yawen Liu, Wendy Smith, Metasebia Gebrewold, Stuart L. Simpson, David T. Williams, Xinhong Wang, Warish Ahmed","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00343","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and the Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) are mosquito-borne pathogens capable of transmission from animals to humans, causing significant economic and public health impacts in affected countries. Pigs serve as amplifying hosts for JEV and potentially play a role in the natural ecology of MVEV. Reports of JEV viral shedding underscore the prospect of wastewater surveillance for early detection and intervention for animal and human health. To assess the feasibility of wastewater surveillance, the decay rates of JEV and MVEV RNA were determined under the simulated diurnal temperatures in summer and winter by seeding these viruses in piggery wastewater collected from three potential surveillance sites (shed, pit, and lagoon). During a 52-day experiment, a one log<sub>10</sub> reduction in RNA copies was found for JEV within 24.8–36.4 days, while MVEV experienced a 90% reduction ranging from 15.5 to 24.4 days, which was significantly faster than that of JEV. Seasonal temperature and site-specific differences significantly influenced the RNA decay rates of both viruses in piggery wastewater samples. These data indicated the sufficient persistence of JEV and MVEV under diurnal temperatures in summer and winter conditions, which would facilitate surveillance of viruses in piggery environments.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00518
Wenting Ma, Haozhi Zhang, Jia Fang, Song Xue, Liang Wang, Yilei Wang
The architectural configuration of an electrode material significantly impacts its capacitive deionization (CDI) performance, particularly due to the disparity in ion diffusion resistance between the surface and core. To mitigate this disparity, a hollowing methodology was employed to revamp conventional porous carbon spheres. Hierarchically porous hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) were synthesized by thermal annealing phenol formaldehyde resin-coated melamine formaldehyde resin spheres (MFSs) in an inert gas at 800 °C. The advantage of employing modified MFSs as templates lies in their complete degradation during thermal annealing, a feature not observed with commercial polystyrene microspheres. Unlike mesoporous SiO2 microspheres which require additional hydrofluoric acid treatment, these do not. HCS-100 exhibited exceptional NaCl adsorption capacity, achieving a salt adsorption capacity of 25.20 mg g–1 and a salt adsorption rate of 2.78 mg g–1 min–1 under a working voltage of 1.2 V. This performance was demonstrated with an initial NaCl solution concentration of 500 mg L–1, and it maintained impressive stability over 70 cycles. The results demonstrate that the hollowing strategy is a direct yet powerful way to enhance the CDI performance of electrode materials. The utilization of the modified MFS template simplifies the fabrication process, contributing to the overall effectiveness of this approach.
{"title":"Enhanced Capacitive Deionization with Hollow Carbon Spheres Derived from Melamine–Formaldehyde Templates","authors":"Wenting Ma, Haozhi Zhang, Jia Fang, Song Xue, Liang Wang, Yilei Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00518","url":null,"abstract":"The architectural configuration of an electrode material significantly impacts its capacitive deionization (CDI) performance, particularly due to the disparity in ion diffusion resistance between the surface and core. To mitigate this disparity, a hollowing methodology was employed to revamp conventional porous carbon spheres. Hierarchically porous hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) were synthesized by thermal annealing phenol formaldehyde resin-coated melamine formaldehyde resin spheres (MFSs) in an inert gas at 800 °C. The advantage of employing modified MFSs as templates lies in their complete degradation during thermal annealing, a feature not observed with commercial polystyrene microspheres. Unlike mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres which require additional hydrofluoric acid treatment, these do not. HCS-100 exhibited exceptional NaCl adsorption capacity, achieving a salt adsorption capacity of 25.20 mg g<sup>–1</sup> and a salt adsorption rate of 2.78 mg g<sup>–1</sup> min<sup>–1</sup> under a working voltage of 1.2 V. This performance was demonstrated with an initial NaCl solution concentration of 500 mg L<sup>–1</sup>, and it maintained impressive stability over 70 cycles. The results demonstrate that the hollowing strategy is a direct yet powerful way to enhance the CDI performance of electrode materials. The utilization of the modified MFS template simplifies the fabrication process, contributing to the overall effectiveness of this approach.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00269
Hunter Quon, Jumana Alja’fari, Rain Richard, Vishnu Kotta, Kathryn Call, Molly Cahill, Elizabeth Johnson, James Brown, Sayalee Joshi, Treavor Boyer, Lee Voth-Gaeddert, Kerry A. Hamilton
Building water systems are associated with variable water age and temperatures, causing water quality concerns. Legionella spp., nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and Pseudomonas spp. are known to inhabit and grow in these systems for which building-level interventions are often required to reduce their concentrations and detections. Other contaminants such as metals and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are also health concerns. Interventions are typically flushing, temperature manipulation, responsive facility-level interventions (e.g., chemical disinfection and heat shock), or point-of-use devices. A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize interventions targeting pathogen control, and subsequent meta-analysis quantified their respective log reduction values (LRVs). Across the studies (n = 45), Legionella spp. was the primary target (n = 45), and studies varied from laboratory benchtops/pipe racks to hospitals and residential or commercial buildings. Additional measurements and LRVs for heavy metals (e.g., copper, lead, and iron) and DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs) were evaluated. The findings pointed to the importance of contextual conditions and incoming water quality in playing a role in both pathogen occurrence and intervention effectiveness. Common interventions such as recommissioning flushing and increased temperature should be further examined for their impacts on pathogens besides Legionella spp. and their contribution to biofilm sloughing and pathogen regrowth. Trade-offs, such as increased metal leaching in parallel with pathogen inactivation, should be examined in context with intervention and building water quality conditions.
{"title":"Quantitative Performance Evaluation of Interventions for Pathogens and Chemical Contaminants in Building Water Systems: A Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Hunter Quon, Jumana Alja’fari, Rain Richard, Vishnu Kotta, Kathryn Call, Molly Cahill, Elizabeth Johnson, James Brown, Sayalee Joshi, Treavor Boyer, Lee Voth-Gaeddert, Kerry A. Hamilton","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00269","url":null,"abstract":"Building water systems are associated with variable water age and temperatures, causing water quality concerns. <i>Legionella</i> spp., nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. are known to inhabit and grow in these systems for which building-level interventions are often required to reduce their concentrations and detections. Other contaminants such as metals and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are also health concerns. Interventions are typically flushing, temperature manipulation, responsive facility-level interventions (e.g., chemical disinfection and heat shock), or point-of-use devices. A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize interventions targeting pathogen control, and subsequent meta-analysis quantified their respective log reduction values (LRVs). Across the studies (<i>n</i> = 45), <i>Legionella</i> spp. was the primary target (<i>n</i> = 45), and studies varied from laboratory benchtops/pipe racks to hospitals and residential or commercial buildings. Additional measurements and LRVs for heavy metals (e.g., copper, lead, and iron) and DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs) were evaluated. The findings pointed to the importance of contextual conditions and incoming water quality in playing a role in both pathogen occurrence and intervention effectiveness. Common interventions such as recommissioning flushing and increased temperature should be further examined for their impacts on pathogens besides <i>Legionella</i> spp. and their contribution to biofilm sloughing and pathogen regrowth. Trade-offs, such as increased metal leaching in parallel with pathogen inactivation, should be examined in context with intervention and building water quality conditions.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00396
Levi L. Straka, McKenna M. Farmer, Charles J. Impastato, Joseph F. Kadich, George F. Wells, Joseph A. Kozak
Enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal (EBPR) with return activated sludge (RAS) fermentation (S2EBPR) is a recent EBPR innovation suggested to achieve more stable and efficient P removal. However, consensus around these benefits and the mechanisms of S2EBPR is still developing. To further this understanding, three pilot sequencing batch reactors treating real domestic wastewater were operated as S2EBPR or conventional EBPR, with or without external carbon addition, and as S2EBPR with or without the anaerobic phase. Findings include the following: (1) S2EBPR showed a small P removal improvement over conventional EBPR; (2) S2EBPR performed substantially better with a small dose of external carbon added, while conventional EBPR did not, but microbial community stability was increased in both; (3) when external carbon to S2EBPR was stopped, high P removal continued for two solids retention times; (4) the measured fermentation yield suggested a larger benefit to S2EBPR P removal than was observed; (5) S2EBPR without the anaerobic phase did not achieve good P removal; and (6) although microbial community trends were similar, S2EBPR enriched more metabolically flexible polyphosphate accumulating organisms than conventional EBPR, importantly, Candidatus Phosphoribacter. Overall, RAS fermentation was beneficial to EBPR performance and stability with external carbon addition but minimally without.
{"title":"Improving Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Return Activated Sludge Fermentation and Carbon Addition in a Benchtop Sequencing Batch Reactor Treating Real Wastewater","authors":"Levi L. Straka, McKenna M. Farmer, Charles J. Impastato, Joseph F. Kadich, George F. Wells, Joseph A. Kozak","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00396","url":null,"abstract":"Enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal (EBPR) with return activated sludge (RAS) fermentation (S2EBPR) is a recent EBPR innovation suggested to achieve more stable and efficient P removal. However, consensus around these benefits and the mechanisms of S2EBPR is still developing. To further this understanding, three pilot sequencing batch reactors treating real domestic wastewater were operated as S2EBPR or conventional EBPR, with or without external carbon addition, and as S2EBPR with or without the anaerobic phase. Findings include the following: (1) S2EBPR showed a small P removal improvement over conventional EBPR; (2) S2EBPR performed substantially better with a small dose of external carbon added, while conventional EBPR did not, but microbial community stability was increased in both; (3) when external carbon to S2EBPR was stopped, high P removal continued for two solids retention times; (4) the measured fermentation yield suggested a larger benefit to S2EBPR P removal than was observed; (5) S2EBPR without the anaerobic phase did not achieve good P removal; and (6) although microbial community trends were similar, S2EBPR enriched more metabolically flexible polyphosphate accumulating organisms than conventional EBPR, importantly, <i>Candidatus Phosphoribacter</i>. Overall, RAS fermentation was beneficial to EBPR performance and stability with external carbon addition but minimally without.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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