Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00543
Edward Apraku, Chloe M. Laguna, Robert M. Wood, Neha Sharma, Hang Dong, William A. Tarpeh
Ammonia-selective adsorbents can manage reactive nitrogen in the environment and promote a circular nutrient economy. Weak acid cation exchangers loaded with zinc exhibit high ammonia selectivity but face two implementation barriers: the stability of the zinc–carboxylate bond in complex wastewaters and energy- and logistics-intensive adsorbent regeneration with acidic solutions. In this study, we examined the stability of zinc–carboxylate bonds in varying solutions (pure ammonium solution, synthetic urine, and real urine) and during electro-assisted regeneration. For electrochemical regeneration, both electrolyte concentration and current density influenced the trade-off between ammonia regeneration and zinc elution. Using 10 mM K2SO4 anolyte at a 0.08 mA/cm2 current density, we achieved 4% zinc elution and 61% ammonia regeneration. In contrast, using 100 mM K2SO4 at 4.96 mA/cm2 improved the regeneration efficiency to 97% but eluted 60% of zinc. We found that electrolyte concentration was the key factor influencing the regeneration efficiency of the NH3-selective adsorbents. Due to prevalent zinc elution, we designed an in situ procedure for reforming the zinc–carboxylate bond and achieved similar adsorption densities between pre- and post-regenerated resins, thus enabling multiple cycle resin use. Ultimately, this study advances understanding of ammonia-selective resins that can facilitate high-purity, selective, and durable recovery of nutrients from waste streams.
{"title":"Enhancing Resource Recovery through Electro-Assisted Regeneration of an Ammonia-Selective Cation Exchange Resin","authors":"Edward Apraku, Chloe M. Laguna, Robert M. Wood, Neha Sharma, Hang Dong, William A. Tarpeh","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00543","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia-selective adsorbents can manage reactive nitrogen in the environment and promote a circular nutrient economy. Weak acid cation exchangers loaded with zinc exhibit high ammonia selectivity but face two implementation barriers: the stability of the zinc–carboxylate bond in complex wastewaters and energy- and logistics-intensive adsorbent regeneration with acidic solutions. In this study, we examined the stability of zinc–carboxylate bonds in varying solutions (pure ammonium solution, synthetic urine, and real urine) and during electro-assisted regeneration. For electrochemical regeneration, both electrolyte concentration and current density influenced the trade-off between ammonia regeneration and zinc elution. Using 10 mM K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> anolyte at a 0.08 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> current density, we achieved 4% zinc elution and 61% ammonia regeneration. In contrast, using 100 mM K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at 4.96 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> improved the regeneration efficiency to 97% but eluted 60% of zinc. We found that electrolyte concentration was the key factor influencing the regeneration efficiency of the NH<sub>3</sub>-selective adsorbents. Due to prevalent zinc elution, we designed an <i>in situ</i> procedure for reforming the zinc–carboxylate bond and achieved similar adsorption densities between pre- and post-regenerated resins, thus enabling multiple cycle resin use. Ultimately, this study advances understanding of ammonia-selective resins that can facilitate high-purity, selective, and durable recovery of nutrients from waste streams.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00397
Wen-Ta Yang, Yu-Jung Liu, Ju-Yen Shen, Sofia Ya Hsuan Liou
The existing on-site treatment of residual 2-propanol (IPA) in semiconductor factories results in evaporation into the atmosphere, causing cross-contamination of water and air pollution. Various treatment technologies have been assessed, but many either generate pollution or cannot recover IPA. Alternatively, IPA undergoes oxidation during distillation, transforming into acetone, another substance regulated under wastewater treatment standards. This study explored electrochemical oxidation (EO) as a method for selectively mineralizing IPA in wastewater. The high flow rate and complex byproducts of IPA wastewater necessitate advanced approaches for efficient treatment. Employing a well-enclosed EO reactor, this research characterized radical and active chlorine species in depth, elucidating their composition, mechanisms, and roles in removing IPA and its intermediates. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were identified as the most reactive species, as they fully removed IPA in 5 h in a chloride-free system. The introduction of electrogenerated active chlorine species proved to be highly efficient for treatment, especially in a 150 mM NaCl electrolyte at an initial pH of 5, which is suitable for wastewater containing high chlorine concentrations. This approach not only effectively mitigates acetone generation but also enhances IPA mineralization, presenting a viable treatment option without the need for additional chemicals.
{"title":"High Selective Electrocatalysis Dehydrogenation of Isopropanol to Acetone with Cobenefits: Carboxylic Acids Coproduction","authors":"Wen-Ta Yang, Yu-Jung Liu, Ju-Yen Shen, Sofia Ya Hsuan Liou","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00397","url":null,"abstract":"The existing on-site treatment of residual 2-propanol (IPA) in semiconductor factories results in evaporation into the atmosphere, causing cross-contamination of water and air pollution. Various treatment technologies have been assessed, but many either generate pollution or cannot recover IPA. Alternatively, IPA undergoes oxidation during distillation, transforming into acetone, another substance regulated under wastewater treatment standards. This study explored electrochemical oxidation (EO) as a method for selectively mineralizing IPA in wastewater. The high flow rate and complex byproducts of IPA wastewater necessitate advanced approaches for efficient treatment. Employing a well-enclosed EO reactor, this research characterized radical and active chlorine species in depth, elucidating their composition, mechanisms, and roles in removing IPA and its intermediates. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were identified as the most reactive species, as they fully removed IPA in 5 h in a chloride-free system. The introduction of electrogenerated active chlorine species proved to be highly efficient for treatment, especially in a 150 mM NaCl electrolyte at an initial pH of 5, which is suitable for wastewater containing high chlorine concentrations. This approach not only effectively mitigates acetone generation but also enhances IPA mineralization, presenting a viable treatment option without the need for additional chemicals.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00780
Sheng Guo, Yifu Ding, Kun Zhou
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also termed additive manufacturing, is a versatile fabrication technique capable of constructing virtually any geometrically complex object. Due to their cost-effectiveness, rapid production, and precise control over target structures, 3D-printing technologies have gained widespread attention and have been extensively applied in various environmental and water-related applications, such as environmental detection, wastewater treatment, water splitting, oil–water separation, and desalination. In response to this trend, we are honored to publish this new special issue entitled “3D Printing Technologies for Environmental and Water Applications” in <i>ACS ES&T Water</i> showcasing the latest reviews, advancements, and challenges encountered in applying 3D-printing technologies to address environmental and water-related issues. This special issue includes two review papers, eight research articles, and a viewpoint article covering a wide spectrum of environmental and water-related topics: (1) water treatment via adsorption, photocatalysis, and advanced oxidation processes, (2) environmental detection, (3) design of environmental devices, and (4) membrane separation. Majooni et al. (1) presented a comprehensive overview of 3D-printed nanomaterials utilized in water treatment and highlighted the critical role of nanoenabled 3D-printed structures in improving conventional water treatment strategies. Meanwhile, Ibrahim and Hilal (2) summarized the positive aspects of surface patterning of membranes on their performances, indicating that upon overcoming the challenges of material compatibility, reproducibility, and limited resolution, 3D-printing technologies will hold great potential to enhance membrane performances in the domain of water treatment. In the work of Fung et al., (3) the microstreaming behaviors of air bubbles trapped in 3D-printed Helmholtz structures were explored, revealing that acoustically induced fluidic streaming can potentially be employed to mitigate membrane fouling, which constitutes the most significant problem in membrane processes. In their article, Wang et al. (4) emphasized that further research should prioritize advancements in 3D-printing software, innovation in the design of printable structures, the expansion of 3D-printable material options, and optimizing the efficiency of 3D printers. These endeavors are essential for facilitating the widespread application of 3D-printing technologies and accelerating their development in membrane-related research fields. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)- and sulfite [S(IV)]-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective strategies for addressing the issue of water pollution. Inspired by these approaches, Guo et al. (5) and Yang et al. (6) developed novel 3D hierarchical porous copper (3D-Cu) catalysts for degrading antibiotics through PMS and S(IV) activation, respectively. Notably, both catalysts can maintain high performance with respect to tetra
三维(3D)打印,又称增材制造,是一种多功能制造技术,几乎可以制造任何几何形状复杂的物体。由于其成本效益高、生产速度快、目标结构控制精确,三维打印技术受到广泛关注,并被广泛应用于各种环境和水相关领域,如环境检测、废水处理、水分离、油水分离和海水淡化等。针对这一趋势,我们很荣幸地在 ACS ES&T Water 上出版这本题为 "3D 打印技术在环境和水领域的应用 "的新特刊,展示在应用 3D 打印技术解决环境和水相关问题方面的最新评论、进展和遇到的挑战。本特刊包括两篇综述论文、八篇研究文章和一篇观点文章,涵盖了环境和水相关的广泛主题:(1) 通过吸附、光催化和高级氧化过程进行水处理,(2) 环境检测,(3) 环境设备设计,以及 (4) 膜分离。Majooni 等人(1)全面概述了水处理中使用的三维打印纳米材料,并强调了纳米三维打印结构在改进传统水处理策略中的关键作用。同时,Ibrahim 和 Hilal(2)总结了膜表面图案化对其性能的积极影响,指出在克服材料兼容性、可重复性和有限分辨率等挑战后,三维打印技术将在提高水处理领域的膜性能方面拥有巨大潜力。Fung 等人的研究(3)探讨了被困在三维打印赫尔姆霍兹结构中的气泡的微流行为,揭示了声学诱导的流体流可能被用来减轻膜污垢,而膜污垢是膜过程中最重要的问题。Wang 等人(4)在他们的文章中强调,进一步的研究应优先考虑三维打印软件的进步、可打印结构设计的创新、三维打印材料选择的扩展以及三维打印机效率的优化。这些努力对于促进 3D 打印技术的广泛应用和加快其在膜相关研究领域的发展至关重要。基于过一硫酸盐(PMS)和亚硫酸盐[S(IV)]的高级氧化过程(AOPs)是解决水污染问题的有效策略。受这些方法的启发,Guo 等人(5)和 Yang 等人(6)分别开发了新型三维分层多孔铜(3D-Cu)催化剂,通过 PMS 和 S(IV)活化降解抗生素。值得注意的是,这两种催化剂对盐酸四环素(TC)都能保持较高的性能,即使在连续循环 40 次之后也是如此。同时,二氧化钛(TiO2)因其广泛的可用性、高度的化学稳定性和耐腐蚀性,被公认为最有前途的废水处理光催化剂,Wei 等人(7)和 Chen 等人(8)分别利用 3D 打印技术构建了纳米多孔-TiO2-封装微孔-双甲状腺结构光催化剂和金刚石结构 TiO2 反应器,用于降解抗生素和有机合成染料。这两种按原样打印的催化剂都表现出卓越的耐久性和可重复使用性,这归功于它们稳定的三维结构。除了水处理,三维打印技术还被应用于水生环境的污染检测。例如,Paré 等人(9)应用直接墨水书写(DIW)方法将单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)/聚乳酸墨水引入石墨电极,从而提高了石墨电极的灵敏度和抗硫中毒能力。同样,Liu 等人(10)设计了一种三维打印的智能手机辅助急性毒性检测器,能够快速评估发光细菌的抑制率,为即时急性毒性评估提供了一种高效、经济的方法。此外,Monaghan(11)利用三维打印机和 Matlab 软件开发了低成本自动采样器和数据处理软件。该系统通过实施在线膜采样和质谱技术,实现了对水中轮胎衍生对苯二胺醌(PPDQs)的自动化和高通量分析。总之,本特刊重点介绍了三维打印技术在应对环境挑战方面的各种应用,主要是在与水有关的广泛领域。作为本特刊的特邀编辑,我们向裴斯泰洛齐博士表示深深的谢意。
{"title":"3D-Printing Technologies for Environmental and Water Applications","authors":"Sheng Guo, Yifu Ding, Kun Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00780","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also termed additive manufacturing, is a versatile fabrication technique capable of constructing virtually any geometrically complex object. Due to their cost-effectiveness, rapid production, and precise control over target structures, 3D-printing technologies have gained widespread attention and have been extensively applied in various environmental and water-related applications, such as environmental detection, wastewater treatment, water splitting, oil–water separation, and desalination. In response to this trend, we are honored to publish this new special issue entitled “3D Printing Technologies for Environmental and Water Applications” in <i>ACS ES&T Water</i> showcasing the latest reviews, advancements, and challenges encountered in applying 3D-printing technologies to address environmental and water-related issues. This special issue includes two review papers, eight research articles, and a viewpoint article covering a wide spectrum of environmental and water-related topics: (1) water treatment via adsorption, photocatalysis, and advanced oxidation processes, (2) environmental detection, (3) design of environmental devices, and (4) membrane separation. Majooni et al. (1) presented a comprehensive overview of 3D-printed nanomaterials utilized in water treatment and highlighted the critical role of nanoenabled 3D-printed structures in improving conventional water treatment strategies. Meanwhile, Ibrahim and Hilal (2) summarized the positive aspects of surface patterning of membranes on their performances, indicating that upon overcoming the challenges of material compatibility, reproducibility, and limited resolution, 3D-printing technologies will hold great potential to enhance membrane performances in the domain of water treatment. In the work of Fung et al., (3) the microstreaming behaviors of air bubbles trapped in 3D-printed Helmholtz structures were explored, revealing that acoustically induced fluidic streaming can potentially be employed to mitigate membrane fouling, which constitutes the most significant problem in membrane processes. In their article, Wang et al. (4) emphasized that further research should prioritize advancements in 3D-printing software, innovation in the design of printable structures, the expansion of 3D-printable material options, and optimizing the efficiency of 3D printers. These endeavors are essential for facilitating the widespread application of 3D-printing technologies and accelerating their development in membrane-related research fields. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)- and sulfite [S(IV)]-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective strategies for addressing the issue of water pollution. Inspired by these approaches, Guo et al. (5) and Yang et al. (6) developed novel 3D hierarchical porous copper (3D-Cu) catalysts for degrading antibiotics through PMS and S(IV) activation, respectively. Notably, both catalysts can maintain high performance with respect to tetra","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00419
Qiumeng Zhong, Mengting Yi, Jiajing Pan, Sai Liang
India is an emerging region in global socioeconomic development and international trade and has the largest freshwater withdrawals worldwide. India’s water use is affected by changes in domestic and foreign socioeconomic development. However, socioeconomic driving factors of India’s water use in the context of global supply chains have not been investigated. This study explored the impacts of domestic and foreign socioeconomic transitions on water use in India during 1995–2020. Results show that the effect of the change in water use intensity on reducing India’s water use has gradually diminished and even led to water use increments in recent years (+11 billion m3 (BCM) during 2010–2020). Notably, the changes in global economic structures show significant potential for water saving in India (−15 BCM during 1995–2020). The change in the domestic final demand structure was a critical factor contributing to water saving in India (−58 BCM during 1995–2020). In particular, the changes in production structures (both domestic and foreign) and foreign final demand structures have shifted from contributing to India’s water use increments to water use reductions. This study highlights the importance of global economic structure optimization and international cooperation for water savings in India.
{"title":"Global Supply Chains are Becoming Conducive to Water Saving in India","authors":"Qiumeng Zhong, Mengting Yi, Jiajing Pan, Sai Liang","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00419","url":null,"abstract":"India is an emerging region in global socioeconomic development and international trade and has the largest freshwater withdrawals worldwide. India’s water use is affected by changes in domestic and foreign socioeconomic development. However, socioeconomic driving factors of India’s water use in the context of global supply chains have not been investigated. This study explored the impacts of domestic and foreign socioeconomic transitions on water use in India during 1995–2020. Results show that the effect of the change in water use intensity on reducing India’s water use has gradually diminished and even led to water use increments in recent years (+11 billion m<sup>3</sup> (BCM) during 2010–2020). Notably, the changes in global economic structures show significant potential for water saving in India (−15 BCM during 1995–2020). The change in the domestic final demand structure was a critical factor contributing to water saving in India (−58 BCM during 1995–2020). In particular, the changes in production structures (both domestic and foreign) and foreign final demand structures have shifted from contributing to India’s water use increments to water use reductions. This study highlights the importance of global economic structure optimization and international cooperation for water savings in India.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00389
Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Hidetaka Chikamori, Cong-Thanh Tran, Tri Nguyen-Quang
This study investigates the climate change impacts on the performance of the Thac Mo reservoir in Vietnam throughout the release duration from December to June of the following year. The adaptative optimization operating rules during two periods, 2029–2064 and 2064–2099, were analyzed. Precipitation and temperature of three shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1–P2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) derived from the global climate model (GCM) Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI-ESM2–0) were used for inflow prediction. Due to the decreased inflow, the current operating rule would almost lead to a decrease in hydropower production of two periods of SSP1–P2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios of −3.9, 0.7, −7.6, −6.7, −6.3, and 7.0% and an increase in water scarcity, with the respective amount of water deficit by 20.4, 6.8, 33.2, 31.3, 30.2, and 28.3% compared to the base period (1987–2022). The improved power production of 7.1, 7.1, 7.3, 6.2, 6.9, and 6.8% and reduced water shortage of −40.2, −42.7, −37.2, −43.4, −40.8, and −39.0% can be achieved by applying the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization technique under different periods and scenarios. This approach has the potential to mitigate climate change effects on future reservoir operations.
{"title":"Using Optimization to Investigate the Adaptive Operation of Reservoirs under the Context of Climate Crisis","authors":"Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Hidetaka Chikamori, Cong-Thanh Tran, Tri Nguyen-Quang","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00389","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the climate change impacts on the performance of the Thac Mo reservoir in Vietnam throughout the release duration from December to June of the following year. The adaptative optimization operating rules during two periods, 2029–2064 and 2064–2099, were analyzed. Precipitation and temperature of three shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1–P2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) derived from the global climate model (GCM) Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI-ESM2–0) were used for inflow prediction. Due to the decreased inflow, the current operating rule would almost lead to a decrease in hydropower production of two periods of SSP1–P2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios of −3.9, 0.7, −7.6, −6.7, −6.3, and 7.0% and an increase in water scarcity, with the respective amount of water deficit by 20.4, 6.8, 33.2, 31.3, 30.2, and 28.3% compared to the base period (1987–2022). The improved power production of 7.1, 7.1, 7.3, 6.2, 6.9, and 6.8% and reduced water shortage of −40.2, −42.7, −37.2, −43.4, −40.8, and −39.0% can be achieved by applying the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization technique under different periods and scenarios. This approach has the potential to mitigate climate change effects on future reservoir operations.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyanobacterial bloom is prevalent in freshwater of China and usually controlled by CuSO4. However, the remaining available Cu2+ effects on cyanobacterial growth and metabolism have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we here investigated different CuSO4 concentrations on the growth and metabolism of typical toxic cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa. The results showed that low CuSO4 concentrations (<0.1 mg/L) facilitate algal growth, photosynthesis, and enzyme activity activities. Conversely, high CuSO4 concentrations (>0.1 mg/L) inhibited the growth and markedly reduced the photosynthesis of oxidative enzymes. Notably, the algae secreted more extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and released microcystin to mitigate the high Cu2+ stress compared to low concentrations. Moreover, the results illustrated how Cu2+ influenced the expression of key genes on the mRNA level. Specifically, capD (coded for polysaccharides), mcy (microcystin), and furA (mcy promoter) genes, were upregulated in high CuSO4 concentrations, while the photosynthetic rbcL gene was downregulated. The furA regulated the mcy gene cluster promoter, which indirectly mediated the microcystin release. The upregulation of the complex genes revealed the intricate genetic responses of M. aeruginosa to Cu2+ stress. This study explored the dual roles of CuSO4 in algae growth and molecular mechanisms, providing a new perspective on understanding the risks of algaecides application.
{"title":"Dual Role of Cu2+ in the Physiological Growth and Metabolism of Microcystis aeruginosa","authors":"Lingping Zhang, Yunjia Wu, Pei Lei, Wen-Ming Xie, Jin-e Liu, Han Meng, Shiyin Li, Huan He, Guoxiang Wang, Limin Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00676","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacterial bloom is prevalent in freshwater of China and usually controlled by CuSO<sub>4</sub>. However, the remaining available Cu<sup>2+</sup> effects on cyanobacterial growth and metabolism have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we here investigated different CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations on the growth and metabolism of typical toxic cyanobacteria, <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>. The results showed that low CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations (<0.1 mg/L) facilitate algal growth, photosynthesis, and enzyme activity activities. Conversely, high CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations (>0.1 mg/L) inhibited the growth and markedly reduced the photosynthesis of oxidative enzymes. Notably, the algae secreted more extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and released microcystin to mitigate the high Cu<sup>2+</sup> stress compared to low concentrations. Moreover, the results illustrated how Cu<sup>2+</sup> influenced the expression of key genes on the mRNA level. Specifically, <i>capD</i> (coded for polysaccharides), <i>mcy</i> (microcystin), and <i>furA</i> (<i>mcy</i> promoter) genes, were upregulated in high CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations, while the photosynthetic <i>rbcL</i> gene was downregulated. The <i>furA</i> regulated the <i>mcy</i> gene cluster promoter, which indirectly mediated the microcystin release. The upregulation of the complex genes revealed the intricate genetic responses of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> to Cu<sup>2+</sup> stress. This study explored the dual roles of CuSO<sub>4</sub> in algae growth and molecular mechanisms, providing a new perspective on understanding the risks of algaecides application.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00483
Emily Garner, Mehedi Hasan Tarek, Jason A. Hubbart
We thank Kirschner et al. for their recent commentary on potential opportunities for DNA loss during nucleic acid extraction within the context of monitoring environmental antibiotic resistance, using the example of our recent study. (1) In response, we submitted several relevant points. First, we appreciate the learning of the potential for bias introduced through the loss of DNA that can result from the sorption of nucleic acids to inorganic particles, affecting extraction efficiency. Given that this potential bias is not widely documented yet is relevant to potentially thousands of studies across the entire field of environmental DNA monitoring, this is an important opportunity to reconsider whether additional quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) are needed in studies of environmental DNA. However, a critical evaluation of the need for this type of QA/QC should be placed within the broader context of the field. In particular, the field would benefit from a comprehensive summary of the state of knowledge on this topic and identifying research needs as this information is currently lacking. In ref (1), our team used appropriate controls as outlined by the Environmental Microbiology Minimum Information (EMMI) guidelines (2) and other best practices in the field, (3,4) such as those outlined in the recent Water Research Foundation report, “Standardizing Methods with QA/QC Standards for Investigating the Occurrence and Removal of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria/Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARB/ARGs) in Surface Water, Wastewater, and Recycled Water”. (5) The best practices used in our study included robust negative controls to evaluate contamination and the use of a dilution series to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibition. However, we were not aware of the potential for DNA loss in this manner associated with sorption to inorganic particles, nor is that information available in protocols that are currently widely implemented in the field. Second, standardization and appropriate controls to ensure QA/QC are critical, but further research is needed to better understand what factors contribute to the impaired extraction efficiency and to identify appropriate controls. For example, Kirschner et al. propose using a defined target cell standard as a standard process control strain (DeTaCS), (6) but this practice has not been evaluated for use as a sample process control in monitoring environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This is particularly important because while studies quantifying a gene originating from a single target organism may be appropriately evaluated using DeTaCS, using DeTaCS for evaluating the recovery of ARGs, which can originate from various target hosts within a single sample, introduces additional complexity. While the potential need for further QA/QC is clear, additional research is needed to determine the most effective approach for implementing these sample process controls within the context of environme
此外,在我们的研究中,我们提出了 ARG 的绝对(每毫升 ARG 拷贝数)和相对(每 16S rRNA 基因拷贝的 ARG 拷贝数)丰度,并发现所有 ARG 的绝对和相对丰度都高度相关(Spearman's ρ > 0.8,p < 0.001)。这种将 ARG 丰度归一化为通用细菌 16S rRNA 基因数量的方法以前曾用于校正复杂环境样本中 DNA 提取效率的潜在变化。(11)因此,即使我们的提取效率受到了影响,我们研究中观察到的绝对丰度和相对丰度之间的强相关性也进一步表明,我们的总体研究结果仍然得到了所收集数据的有力支持。我们欢迎有机会研究是否需要增加质量保证/质量控制,以改进整个领域的数据收集和解释工作,但我们不认为我们发表的研究存在会影响研究结果的关键缺陷。责任编辑:艾米丽-D-加纳(Emily D. Garner)构思、撰写--原稿;梅赫迪-哈桑-塔里克(Mehedi Hasan Tarek)构思、撰写--原稿;杰森-A-哈伯特(Jason A. Hubbart)撰写--审阅&;编辑。本文引用了 11 篇其他出版物。本文尚未被其他出版物引用。
{"title":"Rebuttal to Correspondence on “Tracking Sources and Dissemination of Indicator Antibiotic Resistance Genes at a Watershed Scale”","authors":"Emily Garner, Mehedi Hasan Tarek, Jason A. Hubbart","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00483","url":null,"abstract":"We thank Kirschner et al. for their recent commentary on potential opportunities for DNA loss during nucleic acid extraction within the context of monitoring environmental antibiotic resistance, using the example of our recent study. (1) In response, we submitted several relevant points. First, we appreciate the learning of the potential for bias introduced through the loss of DNA that can result from the sorption of nucleic acids to inorganic particles, affecting extraction efficiency. Given that this potential bias is not widely documented yet is relevant to potentially thousands of studies across the entire field of environmental DNA monitoring, this is an important opportunity to reconsider whether additional quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) are needed in studies of environmental DNA. However, a critical evaluation of the need for this type of QA/QC should be placed within the broader context of the field. In particular, the field would benefit from a comprehensive summary of the state of knowledge on this topic and identifying research needs as this information is currently lacking. In ref (1), our team used appropriate controls as outlined by the Environmental Microbiology Minimum Information (EMMI) guidelines (2) and other best practices in the field, (3,4) such as those outlined in the recent Water Research Foundation report, “Standardizing Methods with QA/QC Standards for Investigating the Occurrence and Removal of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria/Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARB/ARGs) in Surface Water, Wastewater, and Recycled Water”. (5) The best practices used in our study included robust negative controls to evaluate contamination and the use of a dilution series to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibition. However, we were not aware of the potential for DNA loss in this manner associated with sorption to inorganic particles, nor is that information available in protocols that are currently widely implemented in the field. Second, standardization and appropriate controls to ensure QA/QC are critical, but further research is needed to better understand what factors contribute to the impaired extraction efficiency and to identify appropriate controls. For example, Kirschner et al. propose using a defined target cell standard as a standard process control strain (DeTaCS), (6) but this practice has not been evaluated for use as a sample process control in monitoring environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This is particularly important because while studies quantifying a gene originating from a single target organism may be appropriately evaluated using DeTaCS, using DeTaCS for evaluating the recovery of ARGs, which can originate from various target hosts within a single sample, introduces additional complexity. While the potential need for further QA/QC is clear, additional research is needed to determine the most effective approach for implementing these sample process controls within the context of environme","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00355
Yi Sang, Olivia Pietz, Emily Christiansen, Lena Abu-Ali, Christopher J. Pollock, Christopher W. Sinton, Roxanna Johnston, Matthew C. Reid
Reservoir stratification can lead to high concentrations of dissolved manganese (Mn) in the raw water intake of water treatment facilities, complicating treatment processes. Pathways for Mn release to and precipitation in stratified lakes are not fully understood. We monitored Mn and other water quality parameters in a transiently stratified reservoir in New York State in 2021 and 2022. Moderate drought conditions in 2022 increased the duration of stratification, leading to Mn concentrations up to 35 μM in the raw water intake. Mixed Mn-calcium (Ca) carbonates, but not rhodochrosite (MnCO3), were supersaturated in the epilimnion, and (Ca,Mn)CO3 minerals were identified in suspended particulates using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. However, it was unclear whether Mn-bearing carbonates precipitated in the water column or were suspended from lake-bottom sediments, which consisted of 31% (Ca,Mn)CO3 based on EXAFS analysis. The prevalence of Mn(II) in lake-bottom sediments suggests that reductive dissolution of sedimentary Mn(III/IV) oxides is not the only trigger for Mn release into stratified water columns and that pH-driven effects may also influence Mn release. Warmer temperatures and drier weather under climate change are expected to increase stratification in lakes and reservoirs, likely exacerbating problems associated with high Mn concentrations in surface drinking water sources.
{"title":"Geochemical and Hydrological Controls on Manganese in a Weakly-Stratified Drinking Water Reservoir","authors":"Yi Sang, Olivia Pietz, Emily Christiansen, Lena Abu-Ali, Christopher J. Pollock, Christopher W. Sinton, Roxanna Johnston, Matthew C. Reid","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00355","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir stratification can lead to high concentrations of dissolved manganese (Mn) in the raw water intake of water treatment facilities, complicating treatment processes. Pathways for Mn release to and precipitation in stratified lakes are not fully understood. We monitored Mn and other water quality parameters in a transiently stratified reservoir in New York State in 2021 and 2022. Moderate drought conditions in 2022 increased the duration of stratification, leading to Mn concentrations up to 35 μM in the raw water intake. Mixed Mn-calcium (Ca) carbonates, but not rhodochrosite (MnCO<sub>3</sub>), were supersaturated in the epilimnion, and (Ca,Mn)CO<sub>3</sub> minerals were identified in suspended particulates using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. However, it was unclear whether Mn-bearing carbonates precipitated in the water column or were suspended from lake-bottom sediments, which consisted of 31% (Ca,Mn)CO<sub>3</sub> based on EXAFS analysis. The prevalence of Mn(II) in lake-bottom sediments suggests that reductive dissolution of sedimentary Mn(III/IV) oxides is not the only trigger for Mn release into stratified water columns and that pH-driven effects may also influence Mn release. Warmer temperatures and drier weather under climate change are expected to increase stratification in lakes and reservoirs, likely exacerbating problems associated with high Mn concentrations in surface drinking water sources.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00451
Gayathri Karthik, Sakar Mohan, R. Geetha Balakrishna
Nickel-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different ligands (terephthalic acid and 2-amino terephthalic acid) were developed and integrated with g-C3N4 (GCN) to construct a heterojunction-based composite photocatalyst. This composite was further incorporated into the polysulfone (PSF) at varying concentrations (3, 5, and 7 wt %) to fabricate photocatalytic membranes for the separation and degradation of dyes (rhodamine B/RhB and Congo red/CR) in wastewater. Structural and physiochemical investigations of the developed composites revealed that the Ni-MOF exhibits ligand-dependent properties, influencing both the membrane and photocatalytic properties of the system. Particularly, the Ni-MOF with 2-amino terephthalic acid/g-C3N4 (NATP/GCN) composite-infused membranes (NGM-5) demonstrated improved rejection, flux, antifouling, and photocatalytic degradation properties due to the favorable physiochemical features of the NATP/GCN composite. As a result, the NGM-5 showed an enhanced water flux of around 30.9 L/m2/h, while it is ∼25 L/m2/h in the case of bare membrane. The dye (RhB and CR) rejection efficacy of this NGM-5 is around 92 and 88%, respectively, which is double the times higher than that of the bare. Similarly, the RhB/CR dye solution flux of NGM-5 is around 42.3/55.4%, respectively, while it is only around 18.7/14.2% in the case of the bare-membrane. In addition, all modified-membranes showed enhanced fouling resistance compared to bare membranes, estimated through reversible and irreversible-fouling estimations. Furthermore, the photocatalytic efficiency of NGM-5 is appreciable, which degraded around 13.3/6.1% of RhB/CR dye, respectively, under sunlight. This included favorable chemical/electrostatic interactions of the composite with the membrane, leading to a rough surface with improved pore features and channels for effective separation of dyes and suitable band structure to perform effective redox reactions for efficient degradation of the dye molecules under sunlight. These observed results demonstrate that modifying membranes with rationally engineered photocatalysts can have a significant impact on developing multifaceted and dynamic photocatalytic membranes for sustainable applications in membrane-based wastewater treatment technologies.
{"title":"Engineering Ni-MOF/g-C3N4 Composite-Infused Polysulfone Membranes with Optimal Rejection, Flux, Antifouling, and Photocatalytic Properties for Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Gayathri Karthik, Sakar Mohan, R. Geetha Balakrishna","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00451","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different ligands (terephthalic acid and 2-amino terephthalic acid) were developed and integrated with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (GCN) to construct a heterojunction-based composite photocatalyst. This composite was further incorporated into the polysulfone (PSF) at varying concentrations (3, 5, and 7 wt %) to fabricate photocatalytic membranes for the separation and degradation of dyes (rhodamine B/RhB and Congo red/CR) in wastewater. Structural and physiochemical investigations of the developed composites revealed that the Ni-MOF exhibits ligand-dependent properties, influencing both the membrane and photocatalytic properties of the system. Particularly, the Ni-MOF with 2-amino terephthalic acid/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (NATP/GCN) composite-infused membranes (NGM-5) demonstrated improved rejection, flux, antifouling, and photocatalytic degradation properties due to the favorable physiochemical features of the NATP/GCN composite. As a result, the NGM-5 showed an enhanced water flux of around 30.9 L/m<sup>2</sup>/h, while it is ∼25 L/m<sup>2</sup>/h in the case of bare membrane. The dye (RhB and CR) rejection efficacy of this NGM-5 is around 92 and 88%, respectively, which is double the times higher than that of the bare. Similarly, the RhB/CR dye solution flux of NGM-5 is around 42.3/55.4%, respectively, while it is only around 18.7/14.2% in the case of the bare-membrane. In addition, all modified-membranes showed enhanced fouling resistance compared to bare membranes, estimated through reversible and irreversible-fouling estimations. Furthermore, the photocatalytic efficiency of NGM-5 is appreciable, which degraded around 13.3/6.1% of RhB/CR dye, respectively, under sunlight. This included favorable chemical/electrostatic interactions of the composite with the membrane, leading to a rough surface with improved pore features and channels for effective separation of dyes and suitable band structure to perform effective redox reactions for efficient degradation of the dye molecules under sunlight. These observed results demonstrate that modifying membranes with rationally engineered photocatalysts can have a significant impact on developing multifaceted and dynamic photocatalytic membranes for sustainable applications in membrane-based wastewater treatment technologies.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contamination of water by fungi poses a potential threat to water quality and safety. UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) have become commercially available, while the majority of studies utilize static batch reactors rather than continuous flow reactors. In this study, the inactivation of three dominant waterborne fungal species by UV-LEDs and their combination with chlorine (Cl2) was conducted in a continuous reactor. The results revealed that the continuous reactor showed lower inactivation rate constants (k) than the batch reactor due to the heterogeneous hydraulic conditions. Specifically, the addition of Cl2 in the UV-LED continuous reactor enhanced the disinfection efficiency and inhibited photoreactivation; the survival ratios (8 h photoreactivation) of the three fungal species after UV-LED/Cl2 inactivation were lower than 10% in the continuous reactor. Cultivability of fungal spores inactivated by UV-LEDs and UV-LED/Cl2 in a continuous reactor was destroyed first, followed by the loss of membrane integrity. Simultaneously, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased, disrupting cellular antioxidant functions gradually and ultimately leading to complete cell inactivation. Analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics indicated that there was an upregulation of cytochrome c in the inactivation of Aspergillus niger by UV-LEDs and UV-LED/Cl2, corroborating the apoptosis of fungal cells during these disinfection processes.
{"title":"Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Fungal Spore Inactivation in a Continuous UV-LED Reactor: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Batch Reactor Comparison","authors":"Qiqi Wan, Yiwei Han, Ruihua Cao, Jingyi Wang, Tinglin Huang, Gang Wen","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00554","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of water by fungi poses a potential threat to water quality and safety. UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) have become commercially available, while the majority of studies utilize static batch reactors rather than continuous flow reactors. In this study, the inactivation of three dominant waterborne fungal species by UV-LEDs and their combination with chlorine (Cl<sub>2</sub>) was conducted in a continuous reactor. The results revealed that the continuous reactor showed lower inactivation rate constants (<i>k</i>) than the batch reactor due to the heterogeneous hydraulic conditions. Specifically, the addition of Cl<sub>2</sub> in the UV-LED continuous reactor enhanced the disinfection efficiency and inhibited photoreactivation; the survival ratios (8 h photoreactivation) of the three fungal species after UV-LED/Cl<sub>2</sub> inactivation were lower than 10% in the continuous reactor. Cultivability of fungal spores inactivated by UV-LEDs and UV-LED/Cl<sub>2</sub> in a continuous reactor was destroyed first, followed by the loss of membrane integrity. Simultaneously, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased, disrupting cellular antioxidant functions gradually and ultimately leading to complete cell inactivation. Analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics indicated that there was an upregulation of cytochrome <i>c</i> in the inactivation of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> by UV-LEDs and UV-LED/Cl<sub>2</sub>, corroborating the apoptosis of fungal cells during these disinfection processes.","PeriodicalId":7078,"journal":{"name":"ACS Es&t Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}