Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799130
C. Brammer, N. Ervin
Despite even the most extensive and diverse undergraduate training, many university students struggle once they begin writing in the workplace. As writing researchers (Katz, 1998, and Fielden, 1982) have shown, employers have difficulties training new employees to write acceptable workplace documents. The expectations of employers do not match the new employees' skills. The gap may be caused by a number of factors, with one being that the instruction content does not approximate actual workplace writing expectations. In this study, we examine the genre expectations of a group of engineering students, engineering practitioners and teachers of engineering in response to writing samples from business writing textbooks. This study explores the gap between employers' expectations and academic training.
尽管接受了最广泛、最多样化的本科培训，但许多大学生一旦开始在工作场所写作就会感到困难。正如写作研究人员(Katz, 1998, and Fielden, 1982)所表明的，雇主在培训新员工写出可接受的工作场所文件方面存在困难。雇主的期望与新员工的技能不匹配。这种差距可能是由许多因素造成的，其中之一是教学内容不接近实际工作场所的写作期望。在本研究中，我们考察了一组工科学生、工科从业者和工科教师对商务写作教材中写作样本的体裁期望。本研究探讨了雇主期望与学术培训之间的差距。
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Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799135
S. Carliner
The ultimate industry-academia partnership is when a member of one group joins the other. I left an 18-year career in industry to become a professor. The initial reaction from my friends and colleagues in industry ranged from insulting to encouraging: "You'll have to take a pay cut," "You'll be great with students," "They don't do any real work there." The feedback from academic colleagues has been similarly diverse. This paper explores the real challenges and rewards I experienced as a practicing professional turned professor. Specifically, it explores how my industry experience affected the job search, classroom teaching, service and research agenda, as well as my general response to the academic environment.
{"title":"Industry meets academia: my year of retooling from practicing professional to tenure-track professor","authors":"S. Carliner","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799135","url":null,"abstract":"The ultimate industry-academia partnership is when a member of one group joins the other. I left an 18-year career in industry to become a professor. The initial reaction from my friends and colleagues in industry ranged from insulting to encouraging: \"You'll have to take a pay cut,\" \"You'll be great with students,\" \"They don't do any real work there.\" The feedback from academic colleagues has been similarly diverse. This paper explores the real challenges and rewards I experienced as a practicing professional turned professor. Specifically, it explores how my industry experience affected the job search, classroom teaching, service and research agenda, as well as my general response to the academic environment.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":"35 1","pages":"281-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81825029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799095
D. Starke-Meyerring
As technical communication scholars (Maylath, 1997; Weiss, 1999) have recently pointed out, the increasing need for international technical communication in the Information Age requires new resources for technical communicators. Growing demands for improved quality and faster simultaneous release of information products in the global market also call for new forms of collaboration in order to overcome the current gulf among the professional groups involved in international technical communication projects, such as technical communicators, translators, and localization engineers. Currently, these professional groups work on the same projects for the same international users, but often know very little about each other's work. To alleviate this situation, this paper describes the potential and the ongoing design of an online learning environment that serves both as a resource and as a network for connecting communities of practitioners in international technical communication.
{"title":"Developing an online learning environment for international technical communication","authors":"D. Starke-Meyerring","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799095","url":null,"abstract":"As technical communication scholars (Maylath, 1997; Weiss, 1999) have recently pointed out, the increasing need for international technical communication in the Information Age requires new resources for technical communicators. Growing demands for improved quality and faster simultaneous release of information products in the global market also call for new forms of collaboration in order to overcome the current gulf among the professional groups involved in international technical communication projects, such as technical communicators, translators, and localization engineers. Currently, these professional groups work on the same projects for the same international users, but often know very little about each other's work. To alleviate this situation, this paper describes the potential and the ongoing design of an online learning environment that serves both as a resource and as a network for connecting communities of practitioners in international technical communication.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":"120 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76542967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799097
J. Strother
Communications problems have contributed, directly or indirectly, to some of the most disastrous aviation accidents in history. An analysis of past accidents reveals that common factors associated with poor communication include confusing phraseology, similar call signs, ambiguity, inference problems, and a host of other linguistic issues. The last category includes problems arising from unclear English or heavy foreign accents and poor enunciation. Examples of aviation disasters caused by communications errors are used to illustrate the variety of elements inherent in this area. Potential solutions are examined.
{"title":"Communication failures lead to airline disasters","authors":"J. Strother","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799097","url":null,"abstract":"Communications problems have contributed, directly or indirectly, to some of the most disastrous aviation accidents in history. An analysis of past accidents reveals that common factors associated with poor communication include confusing phraseology, similar call signs, ambiguity, inference problems, and a host of other linguistic issues. The last category includes problems arising from unclear English or heavy foreign accents and poor enunciation. Examples of aviation disasters caused by communications errors are used to illustrate the variety of elements inherent in this area. Potential solutions are examined.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":"21 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83667206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799151
P. Kostur
Writers often have to create documents for different audiences and for different media (e.g. paper, online, help, training). However, timelines and budgets for developing documentation are often tight. That means we have to find more efficient ways to develop documentation. One way is to consider single sourcing information for multiple users and media. While single sourcing takes more up-front planning, it can significantly decrease costs and development times once implemented.
{"title":"Developing single source documentation","authors":"P. Kostur","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799151","url":null,"abstract":"Writers often have to create documents for different audiences and for different media (e.g. paper, online, help, training). However, timelines and budgets for developing documentation are often tight. That means we have to find more efficient ways to develop documentation. One way is to consider single sourcing information for multiple users and media. While single sourcing takes more up-front planning, it can significantly decrease costs and development times once implemented.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":"16 1","pages":"383-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90408416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799104
S. Alexander
Discusses the business climate of today and the challenges faced today by professional communicators the world over. Some of these challenges are the need to have extremely fast turnaround to meet deadlines and having to work with counterparts in other parts of the world that you never see. The paper is based on observations of how the information technology industry functions and effective practices across several organizations. While aimed at all communications professionals, it finds special relevance for technical communicators in the information technology industry. The paper discusses eight areas that communicators need to bear in mind to be able to function effectively in the business climate that prevails today.
{"title":"Communicator skills in a changing world","authors":"S. Alexander","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799104","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses the business climate of today and the challenges faced today by professional communicators the world over. Some of these challenges are the need to have extremely fast turnaround to meet deadlines and having to work with counterparts in other parts of the world that you never see. The paper is based on observations of how the information technology industry functions and effective practices across several organizations. While aimed at all communications professionals, it finds special relevance for technical communicators in the information technology industry. The paper discusses eight areas that communicators need to bear in mind to be able to function effectively in the business climate that prevails today.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":"56 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74039688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799096
S. Carliner
Explains how specific qualitative research techniques can be used to better understand a work culture in another country. These techniques include: (1) collecting ethnographic information; (2) consciously observing surroundings; (3) choosing a broad range of informants; (4) finding a key informant; (5) conducting ethnographic interviews; (6) analyzing artifacts; (7) recording observations, interviews, and impressions; and (8) respecting privacy.
{"title":"Using qualitative research techniques to learn the cultural language","authors":"S. Carliner","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799096","url":null,"abstract":"Explains how specific qualitative research techniques can be used to better understand a work culture in another country. These techniques include: (1) collecting ethnographic information; (2) consciously observing surroundings; (3) choosing a broad range of informants; (4) finding a key informant; (5) conducting ethnographic interviews; (6) analyzing artifacts; (7) recording observations, interviews, and impressions; and (8) respecting privacy.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":"87 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75986690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799152
J. R. Friedman
An all-electronic workflow containing text and art is an achievable goal for the production of a journal. The author highlights how a paper-intensive process to produce and print a journal was re-engineered to be a mostly electronic process, achieving both modernization and efficiency, while maintaining a backup paper process. Our solution focused on the usefulness of intermediate work products and the separation of the process itself from the supporting software technology. This resulted in a process that uses: (1) an intranet and the Internet to distribute intermediate work products among vendors, authors, reviewers, and the publisher; and (2) the Adobe Acrobat (tm) PDF format and supporting applications to view, annotate, print, and store intermediate work products that represent the text and art at various stages of each journal paper. This new process allows the generation of the many journal products that our customers request, such as paper versions and electronic versions in various formats.
{"title":"A publisher plays jazz with the intranet and Adobe Acrobat","authors":"J. R. Friedman","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799152","url":null,"abstract":"An all-electronic workflow containing text and art is an achievable goal for the production of a journal. The author highlights how a paper-intensive process to produce and print a journal was re-engineered to be a mostly electronic process, achieving both modernization and efficiency, while maintaining a backup paper process. Our solution focused on the usefulness of intermediate work products and the separation of the process itself from the supporting software technology. This resulted in a process that uses: (1) an intranet and the Internet to distribute intermediate work products among vendors, authors, reviewers, and the publisher; and (2) the Adobe Acrobat (tm) PDF format and supporting applications to view, annotate, print, and store intermediate work products that represent the text and art at various stages of each journal paper. This new process allows the generation of the many journal products that our customers request, such as paper versions and electronic versions in various formats.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":"62 1","pages":"391-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87547780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799145
A. Manning
K. Echlin (1997) published her main research findings on infrasonic communication between elephants in the form of a novel, called "Elephant Winter". Echlin was then invited to address the 1998 IPCC conference because of the "juxtaposition of both literary and extraordinarily effective technical writing evident in her book". (T. Malkinson, 1998). Echlin reported that until the conference committee contacted her and invited her to address the IPCC, she had not known that she had created "technical writing", and still did not know how she'd done it. Echlin's book exemplifies both the benefits and the risks of creative improvisation. The risk consists in not knowing how a new aesthetic or technical effect is created or how to reproduce it. In this paper, I analyze Echlin's novel, together with other novels constructed to help explain technical topics: R. Persig's "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" (1974) and A. Manning's "Supposition Error" (1996). The analysis indicates principles governing the successful incorporation of storytelling in technical explanation. These principles relate to concepts of minimalist documentation (J. Carroll, 1998), as well as rules of textual clarity developed by K. Riley and F. Parker (1998).
K. Echlin(1997)以小说《大象的冬天》的形式发表了她对大象之间次声波交流的主要研究成果。随后，埃克琳受邀在1998年的IPCC会议上发表演讲，因为“她的书中明显结合了文学和非常有效的技术写作”。(T. Malkinson, 1998)。Echlin报告说，直到会议委员会联系她并邀请她在IPCC上发言，她才知道她创造了“技术写作”，也不知道她是如何做到的。埃克林的书举例说明了创造性即兴创作的好处和风险。风险在于不知道如何创造新的美学或技术效果，也不知道如何复制它。在本文中，我分析了埃克林的小说，以及其他有助于解释技术主题的小说:R.珀西格的《禅宗与摩托车维修艺术》(1974)和A.曼宁的《假设错误》(1996)。分析指出了在技术解释中成功结合讲故事的原则。这些原则与极简文档的概念(J. Carroll, 1998)以及K. Riley和F. Parker(1998)开发的文本清晰度规则有关。
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