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Remediation potential of bacterial mixed cultures for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) biodegradation 细菌混合培养物对多氯联苯(PCBs)生物降解的修复潜力
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2019-0001
H. Horváthová, K. Lászlová, K. Dercová
Abstract Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in minimal mineral water media in the presence of bacterial mixed cultures consisting of several individual strains is proposed. Starting from the fact that the properties and features of bacterial strains in mixed cultures can be supplemented and compensated, two-, three- and seven-membered mixed cultures (MC) were performed. The strains used for the construction of the MC were isolated from the waste canal of a former PCB producer. The highest biodegradation of 70 % of the sum of seven defined PCB congeners was achieved by two-membered MC containing the strains Rhodococcus sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia added in the biomass ratio of 1 : 3 and 3 : 1. PCB biodegradation by a seven-membered MC was lower (58 %) but provided several benefits over the less-membered mixed cultures or the individual strains: similarity to naturally occurring microflora, easier preparation of the inocula, certain and repeatable results. Periodical reinoculation of the water media resulted to PCB biodegradation increase to 65 %. Seven-membered MC was applied to the historically PCB contaminated sediment as well, where a 59 % degradation of the sum of seven PCB congeners was determined.
摘要提出了在由几个菌株组成的细菌混合培养物存在的情况下,在最低限度的矿泉水介质中修复多氯联苯(PCBs)的方法。从混合培养中菌株的特性和特征可以得到补充和补偿的事实出发,进行了二元、三元和七元混合培养(MC)。用于构建MC的菌株是从一家前PCB生产商的废水渠中分离出来的。通过以1∶3和3∶1的生物量比添加含有菌株Rhodococcus sp.和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的两元MC,实现了七种已定义的多氯联苯同源物之和的70%的最高生物降解。七元MC对多氯联苯的生物降解率较低(58%),但与少元混合培养物或单个菌株相比,它提供了几个好处:与天然存在的微生物群落相似,更容易制备接种物,具有一定的可重复结果。定期重新接种水介质可使多氯联苯的生物降解率提高到65%。七元MC也被应用于历史上受多氯联苯污染的沉积物,其中确定了七种多氯联苯同源物的总降解率为59%。
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引用次数: 1
Thermal inactivation kinetics of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase in concentrated lactose solution 米曲霉β-半乳糖苷酶在乳糖浓溶液中的热失活动力学
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0024
V. Illeová, M. Polakovič
Abstract Thermal inactivation of a commercial β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae in a 300 g/L lactose solution was studied in the temperature range of 65–75 °C. Lactose exhibited a stabilisation effect when similar inactivation rates as those in lactose solution were observed in a lactose-free solution at temperatures lower by 5°C. Inactivation process in the lactose solution was biphasic. A kinetic model based on the Lumry-Eyring mechanism was proposed and successfully verified. Estimated activation energy values were very different. Rather high activation energy values of the forward reactions were responsible for both the significant change of rate constants and the rate-controlling reaction with temperature. For these two reasons, an increase of the operational lifetime of the enzyme from 7 days at 60 °C to 580 days at 55 °C was predicted.
摘要在65–75°C的温度范围内,研究了米曲霉在300 g/L乳糖溶液中对商业β-半乳糖苷酶的热灭活。当在温度低于5°C的无乳糖溶液中观察到与乳糖溶液中类似的失活率时,乳糖表现出稳定作用。乳糖溶液中的灭活过程是双相的。提出了一种基于Lumry-Eyring机构的动力学模型,并进行了验证。估计的活化能值非常不同。正向反应的较高活化能值是速率常数显著变化和速率控制反应随温度变化的原因。由于这两个原因,预计该酶的使用寿命将从60°C下的7天增加到55°C时的580天。
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引用次数: 2
Batch drying of sliced tomatoes at specific ambient conditions 番茄切片在特定环境条件下的分批干燥
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0019
Mohammad Jafar Royen, A. Noori, J. Haydary
Abstract In this work, drying of tomato slices was studied in a laboratory scale batch dryer working at conditions specific for geographical locations with low ambient pressure and low relative humidity of air. Tomato is a perishable farm product with high moisture content. Despite their high value, tomatoes are subjected to wastage and spoilage during their seasonal period; to last longer after harvested, they need to be treated by drying. Drying is one of the most widely used methods of tomato preserving for a longer period of time. This study involves experimental work on tomatoes drying in a tray laboratory batch dryer with the dimensions of (490 × 330 × 310) mm, a load cell-force sensor (range: 0–5 kg), fan (speed: 0–2500 rpm), air flow sensor (0–150 l/min) and a temperature and humidity monitoring system. This study was aimed at the development of a suitable drying method for the production of dehydrated agricultural products under specific air properties and climate conditions such as low ambient pressure and low relative humidity. During the experiment, the average ambient pressure was 82 kPa, and the average relative humidity of air was 20 %. Drying characteristics of tomato slices were determined at three temperature levels, namely: 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C,and three air flow rates: 30 l/s, 40 l/s and 50 l/s, for each temperature level. In this study, the effect of temperature, air flow rate, and ambient conditions on the drying rate of tomato slices were studied. The results indicate that during the experiments, tomatoes were dried to the final moisture content of 32.2 % from 92 %. Drying time at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70°C, and air flow of 30 l/s was 17.80 h, 15.80 h, and 14.08 h, respectively. For the air flow rate of 40 l/s, the drying time was 15.0 h, 12.9 h and 11.7 h and for the air flow rate of 50 l/s, the drying time of tomato slices was 14.0 h, 11.6 h and 10.2 h, respectively.
摘要在这项工作中,在实验室规模的间歇式干燥机中,在低环境压力和低空气相对湿度的特定地理位置的条件下,对番茄切片的干燥进行了研究。番茄是一种易腐烂的农产品,水分含量高。尽管西红柿的价值很高,但在季节性时期,它们会被浪费和变质;为了在收获后持续更长时间,它们需要经过干燥处理。干燥是番茄保存时间最长的方法之一。本研究涉及在尺寸为(490×330×310)mm的托盘实验室分批干燥机、称重传感器(范围:0-5 kg)、风扇(转速:0-2500 rpm)、空气流量传感器(0-150 l/min)和温度和湿度监测系统中对番茄进行干燥的实验工作。本研究旨在开发一种合适的干燥方法,用于在特定的空气特性和气候条件下生产脱水农产品,如低环境压力和低相对湿度。在实验期间,平均环境压力为82kPa,空气的平均相对湿度为20%。番茄切片的干燥特性是在三个温度水平下测定的,即:50°C、60°C和70°C,以及三种空气流速:每种温度水平30 l/s、40 l/s和50 l/s。在本研究中,研究了温度、空气流量和环境条件对番茄切片干燥速率的影响。结果表明,在实验过程中,番茄的最终含水量从92%降至32.2%。在50°C、60°C和70°C以及30 l/s的空气流量下的干燥时间分别为17.80小时、15.80小时和14.08小时。对于40l/s的空气流速,番茄片的干燥时间分别为15.0小时、12.9小时和11.7小时;对于50l/s的气流流速,番茄切片的干燥时间为14.0小时、11.6小时和10.2小时。
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引用次数: 3
HPLC separation of panthenol enantiomers on different types of chiral stationary phases 泛醇对映体在不同手性固定相上的高效液相色谱分离
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0017
Anna Lomenova, K. Hroboňová, Terézia Šolónyová
Abstract Panthenol is a biologically active compound closely related to vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). This work deals with the separation of panthenol enantiomers using high performance liquid chromatography. Different types of chiral stationary phases (β-cyclodextrin, isopropyl carbamate cyclofructan 6, amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)) were tested in normal phase separation mode. Effect of mobile phase composition on the resolution and retention of enantiomers was studied. Two types of detectors, low-wavelength UV and polarimetric, were used. The optimal chromatographic system includes a chiral stationary phase based on amylose and a mobile phase of hexane/ethanol (60/40, v/v) where the resolution of enantiomers reached the value Rs = 2.49. Suitable chromatographic conditions were applied for the determination of panthenol enantiomers in samples of pharmaceutical preparations with the obtained recovery of more than 92 %. Linearity of the high performance liquid chromatography method with spectrophotometric detection was from 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.3 mg mL−1 (R2 = 0.998), with the limit of detection of 0.3 × 10−3 mg mL−1 for both enantiomers.
泛酚是一种与维生素B5(泛酸)密切相关的生物活性化合物。本工作采用高效液相色谱法分离泛醇对映体。在正常相分离模式下测试了不同类型的手性固定相(β-环糊精、异丙基氨基甲酸酯环果聚糖6、直链淀粉三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯))。研究了流动相组成对对映体的拆分和保留的影响。使用了两种类型的探测器,低波长紫外探测器和偏振探测器。最佳色谱系统包括基于直链淀粉的手性固定相和己烷/乙醇(60/40,v/v)的流动相,其中对映体的分辨率达到值Rs=2.49。采用合适的色谱条件测定制剂样品中泛醇对映体,回收率大于92%。高效液相色谱法与分光光度法的线性范围为1.0×10−3至1.3 mg mL−1(R2=0.998),两种对映体的检测限均为0.3×10−3mg mL−1。
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引用次数: 5
The design and NMR structure determination of yttrium-oligopeptide tags for recombinant proteins and antibodies 用于重组蛋白质和抗体的钇寡肽标签的设计和NMR结构测定
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0018
Marcela Múdra, M. Breza, Lucia Lintnerová, J. Filo, J. Bauer
Abstract A strategy for the design of new yttrium(III) tags consisting of sequences of naturally occurring amino acids is described. These tags are 4–6 amino acids in length and consist of aspartic and glutamic acids. The use of natural amino acids would allow these oligopeptides to be incorporated into recombinant proteins at the DNA level, enabling the protein to be Y(III)-labelled after protein isolation. This allows a radionuclide or heavy atom to be associated with the protein without the necessity of further synthetic modification. Suitable peptides able to chelate Y(III) in stable complexes were designed based on quantum-chemical calculations. The stability of complexes formed by these peptides was tested by isothermal titration calorimetry, giving dissociation constants in the micromolar range. The likely structure of the most tightly bound complex was inferred from a combination of NMR experiments and quantum-chemical calculations. This structure will serve as the basis for future optimizations.
摘要描述了一种由天然氨基酸序列组成的新型钇(III)标签的设计策略。这些标签长度为4-6个氨基酸,由天冬氨酸和谷氨酸组成。天然氨基酸的使用将允许这些寡肽在DNA水平上被整合到重组蛋白中,使蛋白质在分离后被Y(III)标记。这允许放射性核素或重原子与蛋白质结合,而不需要进一步的合成修饰。基于量子化学计算,设计了能够在稳定配合物中螯合Y(III)的合适肽。通过等温滴定量热法测试了这些肽形成的配合物的稳定性,给出了微摩尔范围内的解离常数。结合核磁共振实验和量子化学计算推断出最紧密结合的复合物的可能结构。这个结构将作为未来优化的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Crystal, molecular and electronic structure of (5S,11R,11aS)-11-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,11,11a-octahydropyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolin-5-ium iodide (5S,11R,11aS)-11-羟基-5-甲基-1,2,3,4,5,6,11,11-八氢吡啶并[1,2-b]异喹啉-5-碘化物的晶体、分子和电子结构
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0014
J. Sivý, P. Šafár̆, J. Žúžiová
Abstract The title compound, C14H20INO, is a molecule with three stereogenic centres. It absolute configuration was derived from the synthesis and confirmed by structure determination (AD, Flack (Parsons’) parameter: 0.031 (8)). The expected stereochemistry of atoms N1 was confirmed to be S, C5 was confirmed to S, C6 was confirmed to R. The central N-heterocyclic ring is not planar and adopts a half-chair conformation. A calculation of least-squares planes showed that these rings are puckered in such a manner that the five atoms: C5, C6, C7, C12 and C13 (the second ring: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and N1) are planar, while atom N1 is displaced from these plane with the out-of-plane displacement of −0.694 (4) and −0.670 (5) Å in the second ring, respectively. Dihedral angle between the planes of the central N-heterocyclic rings is 23.4 (2)°. Crystal structure is also stabilized by C—H···O hydrogen interactions.
标题化合物C14H20INO是一个具有三个立体中心的分子。其绝对构型由合成得到,经结构测定证实(AD, Flack (Parsons’)参数:0.031(8))。原子N1的预期立体化学性质被证实为S, C5被证实为S, C6被证实为r。中心n -杂环不是平面的,呈半椅状构象。最小二乘平面的计算表明,这些环的折叠方式使C5、C6、C7、C12和C13五个原子(第二环:C1、C2、C3、C4、C5和N1)是平面的,而N1原子在第二环上的面外位移分别为- 0.694(4)和- 0.670 (5)Å。中心n -杂环平面之间的二面角为23.4(2)°。C-H···O氢的相互作用也稳定了晶体结构。
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引用次数: 0
An overview of main arsenic removal technologies 主要除砷技术综述
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0016
Ronald Zakhar, J. Derco, F. Cacho
Abstract Arsenic (As) is metalloid, naturally present in the environment but also introduced by human activities. It is toxic and carcinogenic and its exposure to low or high concentrations can be fatal to human health. Arsenic contamination in drinking water threatens more than 150 million peoples all over the world. Therefore, treatment of As contaminated water is of unquestionable importance. The present review begins with an overview of As chemistry, distribution and toxicity, which are relevant aspects to understand and develop remediation techniques. The most common As removal processes (chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane filtration, phytoremediation and electrocoagulation) are presented with discussion of their advantages, drawbacks and the main recent achievements.
摘要砷(As)是一种类金属物质,自然存在于环境中,也可由人类活动引入。它具有毒性和致癌性,低浓度或高浓度的接触对人体健康都可能是致命的。饮用水中的砷污染威胁着全世界1.5亿多人。因此,砷污染水的处理具有不容置疑的重要性。本文首先概述了砷的化学、分布和毒性,这是了解和开发修复技术的相关方面。介绍了常用的砷去除方法(化学沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、膜过滤法、植物修复法和电絮凝法),讨论了它们的优缺点和最近取得的主要成果。
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引用次数: 39
Nitro and aminobenzimidazoles 硝基和氨基苯并咪唑
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0026
V. Milata
Abstract A summary of the preparation methods of 2 tautomeric and 4 N-methylated benzimidazoles with a nitro group on the benzene ring (1–6) and with an amino group in the same positions (7–12) were summarized. Annular tautomerism of the title compounds 1–12 has been studied using 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra in liquid and solid state (CPMAS), UV spectra and quantum chemical calculations.
摘要综述了苯环上有硝基(1-6)和相同位置有氨基(7-12)的2种互变异构和4种N-甲基苯并咪唑的制备方法。标题化合物1–12的环互变异构体已使用液体和固体的1H、13C和15N NMR光谱(CPMAS)、UV光谱和量子化学计算进行了研究。
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引用次数: 1
Non-linear model predictive control of conically shaped liquid storage tanks 锥形储液罐的非线性模型预测控制
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0020
Martin Klauco, Ľ. Čirka
Abstract This paper deals with the analysis and design of a model predictive control (MPC) strategy used in connection with level control in conically shaped industrial liquid storage tanks. The MPC is based on a non-linear dynamic model describing changes of the liquid level concerning changes in the inlet flow of the liquid. Euler discretization of the dynamic system was applied to transform con-tinuous time dynamics to its discrete-time counterpart used in non-linear MPC (NMPC) design. By means of a simulation case study, NMPC has been shown to track the changes of the liquid level, hence provides increased control performance. This paper also compares the traditional approach of optimal control, linear MPC, with the NMPC strategy.
摘要本文分析和设计了一种用于锥形工业储液罐液位控制的模型预测控制策略。MPC是基于一个非线性动态模型,该模型描述了液体进口流量变化引起的液位变化。采用欧拉离散化方法,将连续时间动力学转化为非线性MPC (NMPC)设计中的离散时间动力学。通过仿真实例研究,NMPC已被证明可以跟踪液位的变化,从而提高控制性能。本文还将传统的最优控制方法线性MPC与NMPC策略进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
FTIR study of hydrotalcite 水滑石的FTIR研究
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0021
M. Mališová, M. Horňáček, J. Mikulec, P. Hudec, V. Jorík
Abstract The aim of the research was the study of aluminium-magnesium hydrotalcite by FTIR analysis and detection of differences in structure due to calcination. Three types of samples were analysed. In the first two samples, cobalt was added into the structure and the third sample contained nickel and zinc. Hydrotalcite was prepared by one of the most common methods of hydrotalcite preparation, co-precipitation. After preparation, the samples were calcined at temperatures from 150 °C to 750 °C. Samples were compared in terms of calcination temperature; but in case of samples containing cobalt, two samples to each other. The most significant changes were noticed in the 500–700 cm−1 region, where a spinel structure was formed at higher calcination temperatures.
摘要本研究的目的是通过FTIR分析研究铝镁水滑石,并检测其煅烧后的结构差异。分析了三种类型的样品。前两个样品在结构中加入了钴,第三个样品含有镍和锌。采用共沉淀法制备水滑石,是制备水滑石最常用的方法之一。制备完成后,样品在150 ~ 750℃的温度下煅烧。比较了样品的煅烧温度;但如果样品中含有钴,则需要两个样品相互交换。在500-700 cm−1区域,在较高的煅烧温度下形成尖晶石结构,变化最为显著。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Acta Chimica Slovaca
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