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Influence of catecholic ring torsion on hydroxyflavones 儿茶酚环扭转对羟黄酮的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0008
M. Michalík, Monika Biela, D. Cagardová, Vladimír Lukes
Abstract Systematic quantum chemical investigation of quercetin and selected eight mono- and bihydroxyflavonols is presented. Structural analysis based on the Density Functional Theory showed that the energetically preferred conformation of flavonols substituted at the C5 and C3 atoms by a hydroxyl group is stabilised via intramolecular hydrogen bonds occurring between the (C4)O···HO(3 or 5) atomic pairs. Depending on the hydroxyl group positions, energetically preferred torsional orientation of the phenyl ring with respect to the planar benzo-γ-pyrone moiety changed from 0 to 180 degrees. Gas-phase electron transitions were investigated using the time-dependent DFT treatment. The dependence of maximal wavelengths on the torsional deformation of the phenyl ring is of a similar shape, i.e. minima observed for the perpendicular orientation and maxima for the planar one. Shape and energies of the Highest Occupied (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied (LUMO) Molecular Orbitals were compared. The obtained theoretical results were compared with available experimental data.
摘要对槲皮素和8种单羟基黄酮醇和生物羟基黄酮醇进行了系统的量子化学研究。基于密度泛函数理论的结构分析表明,在C5和C3原子上被羟基取代的黄酮醇的能量优先构象是通过(C4)O···HO(3或5)原子对之间形成的分子内氢键来稳定的。根据羟基位置的不同,苯基环相对于平面苯并-γ-吡咯酮部分的能量优选扭转取向在0 ~ 180度之间变化。利用时变DFT处理研究了气相电子跃迁。最大波长对苯环扭转变形的依赖性具有相似的形状,即在垂直方向上观察到最小,在平面方向上观察到最大。比较了最高已占分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)的形状和能量。得到的理论结果与已有的实验数据进行了比较。
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引用次数: 2
Determination of carotenoids in flowers and food supplements by HPLC-DAD HPLC-DAD法测定花卉和食品补充剂中的类胡萝卜素
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0002
P. Pavelková, A. Krmela, V. Schulzova
Abstract Marigold flowers (Tagetes patula and Calendula officinalis) were chosen for analysis because they are the most often used source of lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin for the production of food supplements on the Czech market. Direct extraction and extraction with alkaline hydrolysis were compared to detect free or bound carotenoids. For carotenoid separation, C18 and C30 columns were used. A new method for determination of carotenoid content in food supplements in form of capsules has been developed and validated. All matrices were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). It has been found that alkaline hydrolysis is required for both Marigold flowers and food supplements to release lutein from ester bonds to fatty acids. In Calendula officinalis lutein in the concentration of 807—1472 mg·kg−1 of dry matter was detected. Tagetes patula has been identified as a better lutein source with the content of 5906—8677 mg·kg−1 of dry matter. It has been found that the content of lutein and zeaxanthin in commercial food supplements (Lutein Complex Premium and Occutein Brillant) is consistent with the declared quantity. Linearity of the HPLC-DAD method ranged from 0.1—20 μg·mL−1 with the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.7 mg·kg−1 for lutein in Marigold flowers and 200 mg·kg−1 in food supplements. Repeatability was 2.3 % for lutein in all tested matrices.
摘要选择万寿菊(万寿菊和金盏菊)进行分析,因为它们是捷克市场上食品补充剂生产中最常用的叶黄素及其异构体玉米黄质来源。比较了直接提取法和碱水解提取法对游离类胡萝卜素和结合类胡萝卜素的检测效果。类胡萝卜素分离采用C18和C30色谱柱。建立了一种测定胶囊形式的食品补充剂中类胡萝卜素含量的新方法。所有基质采用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)进行分析。人们发现,万寿菊花和食品补充剂都需要碱性水解才能将叶黄素从酯键释放到脂肪酸中。在金盏菊干物质中检测到叶黄素浓度为807 ~ 1472 mg·kg−1。叶片万寿菊的干物质含量为5906 ~ 8677 mg·kg−1,是较好的叶黄素来源。商业食品补充剂(叶黄素复合物Premium和Occutein brilliant)中叶黄素和玉米黄素的含量与申报量一致。HPLC-DAD方法的线性范围为0.1 ~ 20 μg·mL−1,万寿菊中叶黄素的定量限为1.7 mg·kg−1,食品补充剂中叶黄素的定量限为200 mg·kg−1。叶黄素在所有测试基质中的重复性为2.3%。
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引用次数: 7
Determination of phosphate in water by flow coulometry 流动库仑法测定水中磷酸盐
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0015
A. Manová, E. Beinrohr
Abstract In this work, the possibility of flow coulometry application as coulometric titration was studied. The method was used to analyze phosphates in wastewater samples. The principle of the determination consisted in the formation of molybdophosphate and its subsequent one-electron electrolytic reduction. The present method is applicable under optimal conditions in the concentration range of 1.5 × 10−6 to 5.5 × 10−5 mol/dm3. Detection limit of the method is 3.42 × 10−7 mol/dm3. Mineralization step has been proved a problem in total phosphate content determination. If mineralization was not carried out, only inorganic soluble phosphates were determined. It is a new method characterized by its simplicity of instrumentation and handling, which is a prerequisite for its further use in the field of trace analysis.
本文研究了流动电量法作为电量滴定法应用的可能性。该方法用于分析废水样品中的磷酸盐。测定原理包括磷钼的形成及其随后的单电子电解还原。本方法适用于1.5×10−6至5.5×10−5 mol/dm3浓度范围内的最佳条件。方法的检出限为3.42×10−7mol/dm3。矿化步骤已被证明是测定总磷酸盐含量的一个问题。如果不进行矿化,则只测定无机可溶性磷酸盐。这是一种新方法,其特点是仪器和处理简单,这是它在痕量分析领域进一步应用的先决条件。
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引用次数: 5
Inclination to self-ignition and analysis of gaseous products of wood chips heating 木屑加热气体产物的自燃倾向及分析
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0013
Michaela Skřížovská, Hana Věžníková, Petra Roupcová
Abstract This paper focuses on the assessment of the inclination to self-ignition of various types of wood chips according to the methodology of European standard EN 15188. The study also assesses the effect of heating temperatures on the composition and quantity of gaseous products of heating. Gases were analysed using an infrared spectrometer with Fourier transformation. From the measured results it was found that the inclination to self-ignition differs for various samples of wood chips. The paper discusses certain parameters assumed to affect the inclination of biomass to self-ignite. When assessing the effect of temperature on the composition of gaseous products, a sample of forest wood chips heated at temperatures from 50 to 150 °C resulted in the following gaseous products: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water and aliphatic hydrocarbons; their concentrations increase with the increasing temperature. Carbon oxides have been proposed as indicators of the state of stored materials self-heating. Observations presented in this paper can be used as data for elaborating safety instructions for storage of fuels based on solid biomass.
摘要本文根据欧洲标准EN15188的方法,重点评估了各种类型木屑的自燃倾向。该研究还评估了加热温度对加热气体产物组成和数量的影响。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对气体进行分析。根据测量结果,发现不同的木屑样品的自燃倾向不同。本文讨论了影响生物质自燃倾向的某些参数。在评估温度对气体产物组成的影响时,在50至150°C的温度下加热的森林木屑样品产生以下气体产物:二氧化碳、一氧化碳、水和脂肪烃;它们的浓度随着温度的升高而增加。碳氧化物已被提议作为储存材料自加热状态的指标。本文中的观察结果可作为制定基于固体生物质的燃料储存安全说明的数据。
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引用次数: 2
Carbon family nanomaterials — new applications and technologies 碳家族纳米材料——新的应用和技术
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0012
Petra Roupcová, K. Klouda, P. Brandeburová, R. Šípoš, J. Híveš, M. Gál, T. Mackuľak, Michaela Skřížovská, Lenka Kissiková
Abstract Research on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) and their development is one of the major scientific disciplines of the last century. This is mainly because of their unique properties which can lead to improvements in industrial technology or new medical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to examine their properties such as shape, size, chemical composition, density, toxicity, etc. This article focuses on the general characteristics of nanomaterials (NMs) and their behavior when entering the environment (water and soil). In addition, it presents individual members of the graphene family including porous ecological carbon (biochar). The article mainly deals with the new potential technologies of CBNMs considering their possible toxic and genotoxic effects. This review also highlights the latest developments in the application of self-propelled micromotors for green chemistry applications. Finally, it points to the potential biomedical applications of CBNMs.
摘要碳基纳米材料及其发展研究是上个世纪的主要科学学科之一。这主要是因为它们的独特特性可以改善工业技术或新的医疗应用。因此,有必要检查它们的形状、尺寸、化学成分、密度、毒性等特性。本文重点介绍了纳米材料的一般特性及其进入环境(水和土壤)时的行为。此外,它还介绍了石墨烯家族的各个成员,包括多孔生态碳(生物炭)。本文主要讨论了CBNMs的潜在新技术,考虑到其可能的毒性和遗传毒性。这篇综述还强调了自推进微电机在绿色化学应用中的最新进展。最后,指出了CBMM的潜在生物医学应用。
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引用次数: 2
Dechloromethylation of the berberine to berberrubine — tricks to obtain pure product 黄连素的脱氯甲基化制备小檗红——获得纯品的技巧
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0014
V. Milata, Eva Holúbková
Abstract Berberine (1), as a compound with interesting biological activities, can be modified at various positions to obtain more potent substances. Modifications at position 9 are based on demethylation with simultaneous dechloration resulting in berberrubine. The most frequent process is thermal dechloromethylation and this work describes this method with detailed tricks to obtain almost pure product in high yield.
小檗碱(1)是一种具有有趣的生物活性的化合物,可以在不同的位置进行修饰,以获得更有效的物质。第9位的修饰是在去甲基化的基础上同时脱色,得到小檗碱。最常见的工艺是热脱氯甲基化,本文详细介绍了该方法以高收率获得几乎纯的产品的技巧。
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引用次数: 2
Application of selective polymeric sorbents for simple coumarins extraction from deodorant samples 选择性聚合物吸附剂在从除臭剂样品中提取香豆素中的应用
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0009
K. Hroboňová, Andrea Špačková
Abstract Coumarins (2H-1-benzopyran-2-coumarin derivatives) are derivatives of cinnamic acid naturally occurring in many plants, fungi, and fruits. They are used as ingredients in cosmetics to enhance the aroma and other biological effects. In this work, cosmetic samples (deodorants) were treated by solid phase extraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography determination of coumarins. Traditional sorbent (C18) and selective polymer-based sorbents (laboratory prepared and commercial) were used for solid phase extraction. Recovery values were above 85 % (RSDs below 6 %) except for esculin, where the recovery was lower. Core-shell column of C18 type and gradient of mobile phase methanol—1 % acetic acid were used for high performance liquid chromatography analysis of extracts. Limits of quantitation were 0.5 µg mL−1 for coumarin (ultraviolet detection) and below 12 ng mL−1 for esculin, umbelliferonene, scoparone, 4-methylumbelliferone, herniarin (fluorescence detection). In the tested samples, no coumarins were detected.
摘要香豆素(2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-香豆素衍生物)是肉桂酸的衍生物,天然存在于许多植物、真菌和水果中。它们被用作化妆品中的成分,以增强香气和其他生物效应。在这项工作中,在高效液相色谱法测定香豆素之前,通过固相萃取处理化妆品样品(除臭剂)。传统吸附剂(C18)和选择性聚合物基吸附剂(实验室制备和商业化)用于固相萃取。回收率高于85%(RSD低于6%),但埃斯库林的回收率较低。采用C18型核壳柱,流动相甲醇-1%乙酸梯度洗脱,对提取物进行高效液相色谱分析。香豆素(紫外检测)的定量限为0.5µg mL−1,而esculin、伞形花烯、东莨菪碱、4-甲基伞形花烯和疝环素(荧光检测)的含量限低于12 ng mL−1。在测试样品中,未检测到香豆素。
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引用次数: 2
Application of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in functional biscuits formulation 水飞蓟在功能性饼干配方中的应用
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2019-0027
Veronika Bortlíková, L. Kolarič, P. Šimko
Abstract Due to the substantial protective effects of milk thistle to liver against various chemical compounds, a new healthy cereal product replacing wheat flour with milk thistle seed flour in the range of 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 % has been studied. As it has been found, milk thistle seed flour is a good source of total dietary fibre, proteins, mineral compounds and fats. During the experiments, effects of wheat flour replacement on technological properties of the dough were studied using Mixolab characteristics. From the results it can be stated that milk thistle seed flour replacement led to a decrease in water absorption and stability of dough. After baking, physical, mechanical, colour and sensorial properties of the biscuits were studied. The results have shown that even a 10 % replacement results in a significant difference at p < 0.05 in measured parameters compared to ones. However, it has been calculated that statistically insignificant replacement of wheat flour with milk thistle seed flour is up to 9.3 % with quality and sensorial parameters of the biscuits equal to those prepared from 100 % wheat flour. Thus, production of functional biscuits at these conditions is fully possible.
摘要由于乳蓟对肝脏具有显著的保护作用,可对抗多种化合物,用乳蓟籽粉代替小麦粉,研制出一种新的健康谷物产品,其含量范围为5;10;15;20;分别为25%和30%。据发现,奶蓟籽粉是总膳食纤维、蛋白质、矿物化合物和脂肪的良好来源。在实验过程中,利用Mixolab特性研究了小麦粉替代对面团工艺性能的影响。从结果可以看出,奶蓟籽粉的替代导致面团的吸水性和稳定性降低。对烘烤后饼干的物理、力学、色泽和感官性能进行了研究。结果表明,即使是10%的更换也会导致测量参数与测量参数相比的显著差异(p<0.05)。然而,据计算,用奶蓟籽粉代替小麦粉在统计上不显著,可高达9.3%,饼干的质量和感官参数与用100%小麦粉制备的饼干相当。因此,在这些条件下生产功能饼干是完全可能的。
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引用次数: 10
Selectedin vitro methods to determine antioxidant activity of hydrophilic/lipophilic substances 测定亲水/亲脂性物质抗氧化活性的体外选择方法
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2019-0028
A. Ácsová, Silvia Martiniaková, J. Hojerová
Abstract The topic of free radicals and related antioxidants is greatly discussed nowadays. Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals before damaging cells. In the absence of antioxidants, a phenomenon called oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative stress can cause many diseases e.g. Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, antioxidant activity of various compounds and the mechanism of their action have to be studied. Antioxidant activity and capacity are measured by in vitro and in vivo methods; in vitro methods are divided into two groups according to chemical reactions between free radicals and antioxidants. The first group is based on the transfer of hydrogen atoms (HAT), the second one on the transfer of electrons (ET). The most frequently used methods in the field of antioxidant power measurement are discussed in this work in terms of their principle, mechanism, methodology, the way of results evaluation and possible pitfalls.
摘要自由基及其相关抗氧化剂是近年来研究的热点。抗氧化剂有助于在破坏细胞之前中和自由基。在缺乏抗氧化剂的情况下,就会出现一种叫做氧化应激的现象。氧化应激可引起许多疾病,如阿尔茨海默病和心血管疾病。因此,必须对各种化合物的抗氧化活性及其作用机制进行研究。通过体外和体内方法测定抗氧化活性和抗氧化能力;根据自由基和抗氧化剂之间的化学反应,体外方法分为两组。第一组是基于氢原子的转移(HAT),第二组是基于电子的转移(ET)。本文讨论了抗氧化能力测定中常用的几种方法的原理、机理、方法、结果评价方法和可能存在的缺陷。
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引用次数: 10
3-Hydroxymethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline like compound with promising biological and complexing activity 具有良好生物和络合活性的3-羟甲基-1,4-二氢-4-氧喹啉类化合物
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2019-0025
V. Milata, Maroš Bella, Robert Kurinec
Hydroxymethyl group is present in many useful and biologically potent substances like sugars, kojic acid (Bajpai, 1982), ronicol (3-hydroxymethylpyridine) (Moncol, 2006; Broghammer, 1967) or hydroxymethylphenol — intermediate for bakelite (Baekeland, 1909). On the other hand, 4-quinolones are a group of antibacterials with various biological activities if substituted in position 3and they are anti-CNS and similar diseases agents if substituted in position 2(kynurenic acid derivatives) (Turski, 2013; Szalardy, 2012; Fulop, 2009). Considering this, we were interested in the synthesis of 3-hydroxymethyl-1,4dihydro-4-oxoquinoline. 4-Quinolones are a well-known group of chemotherapeutics with a broad spectrum of activities (Andriole, 2000; Milata, 2000) based on inhibition of the enzyme of bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV in Gram-positive species, thus inhibiting tertiary negative supercoiling of bacterial DNA (Gellert, 1976; Wang, 1985; Gootz, 1996) mostly bound to oxygen atoms in positions 3and 4of the fused pyrid-4-one-3-carboxylic acid moiety (Andriole, 2000). Therefore, it should be interesting to prepare and evaluate the corresponding structural motif, namely 3-hydroxymethylquinol4-one. Substructural search in database SciFinder provided only various applications of formaldehyde with 4-quinolones or their precursors (Goldsworthy, 1982) but no true synthesis has been reported. Therefore, this compound with promising binding and complexing activity has been prepared.
羟甲基存在于许多有用的和具有生物效力的物质中,如糖、曲酸(Bajpai, 1982)、硝基醇(3-羟甲基吡啶)(Moncol, 2006;Broghammer, 1967)或羟基甲基苯酚-酚醛中间体(Baekeland, 1909)。另一方面,4-喹诺酮类药物如果取代第3位,则是一组具有各种生物活性的抗菌药物,如果取代第2位,则是抗中枢神经系统和类似疾病的药物(犬尿酸衍生物)(Turski, 2013;Szalardy, 2012;费洛浦用,2009)。考虑到这一点,我们对合成3-羟基甲基-1,4二氢-4-氧喹啉很感兴趣。4-喹诺酮类药物是一种众所周知的具有广谱活性的化疗药物(Andriole, 2000;Milata, 2000)基于抑制细菌拓扑异构酶II (DNA旋转酶)和拓扑异构酶IV在革兰氏阳性物种的酶,从而抑制细菌DNA的第三负超卷曲(Gellert, 1976;王,1985;Gootz, 1996),主要与融合吡啶-4- 1 -3-羧酸部分的第3位和第4位氧原子结合(Andriole, 2000)。因此,制备和评价相应的结构基序,即3-羟甲基喹啉- 1是一个值得关注的问题。数据库SciFinder中的亚结构搜索只提供了甲醛与4-喹诺酮类或其前体的各种应用(Goldsworthy, 1982),但没有真正的合成报道。因此,制备了这种具有良好结合和络合活性的化合物。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Chimica Slovaca
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