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Detoxification and adaptation mechanisms of Trichoderma atroviride to antifungal agents 萎缩木霉对抗真菌药物的解毒作用及适应机制
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0010
Zuzana Kubová, Tomáš Pagáč, J. Víglaš, P. Olejníková
Abstract Filamentous fungi are crucial for recycling of organic material in nature. In natural habitats, they cope with many stress factors and therefore their adaptation ability to various conditions is very high. Trichoderma sp., fungi used in agriculture as biocontrol agent, are exposed to a variety of toxic molecules including pesticides and fungicides. They have to fight with toxic molecules using stress adaptation mechanisms known as the stress response. Adaptation of fungi to stress, especially to chemical stress, is not well studied in environmental fungal strains. Moreover, the adaptation process presents a risk of resistance mechanism induction to antifungal agents. Such resistant strains could be spread in the environment. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge of the adaptation process spread throughout the fungal kingdom. Transcriptional response of ABC transporters, the main detoxification efflux pumps of subfamily B and G in presence of antifungal agents, is shown. On the other hand, as azoles are the most commonly used antifungal structures in clinical practice and agriculture, changes in important fungal ergosterol biosynthesis genes as a result of their exposure to various azoles structure are highlighted.
摘要丝状真菌对自然界有机物质的回收利用至关重要。在自然栖息地,它们要应对许多压力因素,因此它们对各种条件的适应能力非常高。木霉(Trichoderma sp.)是一种在农业中用作生物防治剂的真菌,暴露在包括杀虫剂和杀菌剂在内的多种有毒分子中。它们必须利用被称为应激反应的应激适应机制来对抗有毒分子。真菌对胁迫的适应,特别是对化学胁迫的适应在环境真菌菌株中没有得到很好的研究。此外,适应过程存在抗真菌药物耐药性机制诱导的风险。这种抗性菌株可能在环境中传播。这项工作旨在为了解真菌界的适应过程做出贡献。ABC转运蛋白是B和G亚家族的主要解毒外排泵,在抗真菌药物存在下表现出转录反应。另一方面,由于唑类化合物是临床实践和农业中最常用的抗真菌结构,因此强调了由于暴露于各种唑类化合物结构而导致的重要真菌麦角甾醇生物合成基因的变化。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of molecular chain length on polarizabilities of model acenes and oligomers 分子链长度对模型蒽和低聚物极化率的影响
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0013
Matej Uhliar, J. Matúska, D. Cagardová
Abstract A systematic quantum chemical study of model linear oligomers and their ring-fused (condensed) analogues based on six-membered and five-membered aromatic units is presented. Static electric polarizabilities were calculated for optimal geometries. The dependence of electronic and vibrational polarizability contributions on the molecular size was discussed and polymer limits were estimated. The presence of a diradical electronic structure in fused six-membered compounds significantly increases the polarizability values.
摘要系统地研究了基于六元和五元芳基的模型线性低聚物及其环熔(缩合)类似物的量子化学性质。计算了最佳几何形状的静电极化率。讨论了电子极化率和振动极化率对分子尺寸的影响,并估计了聚合物的极限。在熔融六元化合物中,双基电子结构的存在显著提高了极化率值。
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引用次数: 0
Ceylon cinnamon and clove essential oils as promising free radical scavengers for skin care products 锡兰肉桂和丁香精油作为有前途的自由基清除皮肤护理产品
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0001
Silvia Martiniaková, A. Ácsová, J. Hojerová, Zuzana Krepsová, František Kreps
Abstract Due to adverse effects of free radicals on human skin and increasing consumer demand for natural ingredients, essential oils from basil, Ceylon cinnamon bark, clove, juniper, lavender, oregano, rosemary, tea tree, thyme, and ylang-ylang were assessed for their antiradical activity. The oils were evaluated in the concentration range of 5—0.1 mg·mL−1, in which the three reference synthetic antioxidants are most often added to mass-produced cosmetics. Among all examined samples, C. cinnamon oil at a concentration of 5 mg·mL−1 showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.41 mg·mL−1 IC50), followed by clove oil, BHA, α-tocopherol, and BHT (0.82, 0.84, 0.88 and 0.93 mg·mL−1 IC50), respectively. At the same concentration, the reduction power of C. cinnamon oil was higher (1.64 mg·mL−1 Trolox Eq.) than that of α-tocopherol and BHT (1.42 and 0.80 mmol·L−1 Trolox Eq., respectively) but lower than that of BHA (1.81 mmol·L–1 Trolox Eq.). Antiradical activity of the other eight essential oils was low or negligible. C. cinnamon oil and clove oil are promising antiradical agents for skin care but according to our GC-MS analysis, these oils contain 0.29 % of cinnamaldehyde, 0.03 % of linalool, 0.02 % of D-limonene, and 0.02 % of eugenol or 0.41 % of eugenol and 0.002 % of linalool, respectively, which are monitored contact allergens in cosmetics. Such a product is not be suitable for consumers allergic to these substances but for the vast majority of consumers it does not pose a risk in terms of allergic manifestations.
摘要由于自由基对人体皮肤的不良影响和消费者对天然成分需求的增加,对罗勒、锡兰肉桂皮、丁香、杜松子、薰衣草、牛至、迷迭香、茶树、百里香和依兰的精油进行了抗自由基活性评估。这些油的浓度范围为5-0.1 mg·mL−1,其中三种参考合成抗氧化剂最常添加到大量生产的化妆品中。在所有检测的样品中,浓度为5 mg·mL−1的肉桂油表现出最强的DPPH自由基清除活性(0.41 mg·mL–1 IC50),其次是丁香油、BHA、α-生育酚和BHT(分别为0.82、0.84、0.88和0.93 mg·mL-1 IC50)。在相同浓度下,肉桂油的还原力(1.64 mg·mL−1 Trolox Eq.)高于α-生育酚和BHT(分别为1.42和0.80 mmol·L−1 Trooxx Eq。C.肉桂油和丁香油是很有前途的皮肤护理抗自由基药物,但根据我们的GC-MS分析,这些油分别含有0.29%的肉桂醛、0.03%的芳樟醇、0.02%的D-柠檬烯和0.02%的丁香酚或0.41%的丁香醇和0.002%的芳香醇,它们是化妆品中接触性过敏原的监测对象。这种产品不适合对这些物质过敏的消费者,但对绝大多数消费者来说,它不会造成过敏表现的风险。
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引用次数: 3
Alachlor — ecotoxicity of ozonation by-products 甲草胺——臭氧氧化副产物的生态毒性
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2021-0010
Oľga Čižmárová, Ronald Zakhar, J. Derco
Abstract This work focuses on the assessment of alachlor toxicity, its impact on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, non-target organisms, and humans, as well as with pesticide legislation in the European Union and Slovakia. In the experimental part, the pesticide alachlor was degraded by various ozone-based processes. Toxicity of the original substance and its degradation products was evaluated by ecotoxicity tests on white mustard and bulb onion. Respirometric measurements were performed to assess their effect on the microorganisms of activated sludge process. From the results it is possible to evaluate that the degradation of alachlor by ozonation at alkaline pH resulted in less toxic substances compared to the original pesticide.
摘要这项工作的重点是评估甲草胺的毒性及其对水生和陆地生态系统、非目标生物和人类的影响,以及欧盟和斯洛伐克的农药立法。在实验部分,通过各种基于臭氧的过程降解农药甲草胺。通过对白芥菜和洋葱的生态毒性试验,评价了原料及其降解产物的毒性。进行呼吸测量以评估其对活性污泥过程中微生物的影响。从结果可以评估,与原始农药相比,在碱性pH下通过臭氧氧化降解甲草胺产生的毒性物质更少。
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引用次数: 1
Theoretical study of lumichrome, 1-methyl-lumichrome and lumiflavin binding ability with thymine 荧光色素、1-甲基荧光色素及荧光黄素与胸腺嘧啶结合能力的理论研究
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2021-0002
D. Cagardová, M. Michalík, Vladimír Lukes
Abstract Gas-phase geometry and electronic structure of lumichrome, 1-methyl-lumichrome and lumiflavin in the electronic ground state and their excited states were investigated using the Density Functional Theory. Their binding ability with thymine was estimated for model van der Waals dimers with two intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The influence of hydrogen bonds on their photophysical properties was analyzed. Obtained theoretical data were compared with available experimental absorption and fluorescence spectra.
摘要应用密度泛函理论研究了荧光粉、1-甲基荧光粉和荧光黄素在电子基态及其激发态下的气相几何结构和电子结构。对于具有两个分子间氢键的范德华二聚体模型,估计了它们与胸腺嘧啶的结合能力。分析了氢键对其光物理性质的影响。将获得的理论数据与可用的实验吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
Nanostructured catalysts for BIOEthanol transformation to industrially important chemicals 生物乙醇转化为工业重要化学品的纳米结构催化剂
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2021-0009
B. Horváth, M. Petrík, Dana Gašparovičová, T. Soták
Abstract Utilization of a low-cost biomaterial, such as bioethanol, to produce value–added compounds for current industry has been investigated. This work is focused on the catalytic transformation of bioethanol into industrially significant alkenes. Catalytic transformation of ethanol was studied using catalysts based mainly on nanostructured materials as Mg-Al hydrotalcites, sepiolites and zeolites doped with Cu, K, Sr, Zn and Mn. The catalytic tests were carried out in a plug-flow reactor in the temperature range of 350—550 °C. Undoped zeolites promote acid-catalyzed dehydration of ethanol, while in case of basic catalysts, such as hydrotalcites, the product distribution is shifted toward butadiene. The impact of the hydrotalcites preparation method on their structure and catalytic activity is reported. It was found that hydrotalcite with well-developed layered structure, prepared by slow hydrolysis, promotes the formation of butadiene (with butadiene yield of 28.2 % at 400 °C vs. ethylene yield of 17.2 % at 550 °C).
摘要研究了利用生物乙醇等低成本生物材料为当前工业生产增值化合物的方法。这项工作的重点是生物乙醇催化转化为具有工业意义的烯烃。使用以Mg-Al水滑石、海泡石和Cu、K、Sr、Zn和Mn掺杂的沸石等纳米结构材料为主要原料的催化剂对乙醇的催化转化进行了研究。在塞流反应器中,在350-550°C的温度范围内进行了催化试验。未掺杂的沸石促进乙醇的酸催化脱水,而在碱性催化剂(如水滑石)的情况下,产物分布向丁二烯转移。报道了水滑石的制备方法对其结构和催化活性的影响。研究发现,通过缓慢水解制备的具有发达层状结构的水滑石促进了丁二烯的形成(400°C时丁二烯产率为28.2%,550°C时乙烯产率为17.2%)。
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引用次数: 0
Quantum-chemical studies of rutile nanoparticles toxicity II. Comparison of B3LYP and PM6 data 金红石纳米颗粒毒性的量子化学研究II。B3LYP与PM6数据的比较
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2021-0006
M. Breza
Abstract The relation between copper atomic charges and metal-ligand interaction energies obtained by PM6 and DFT-B3LYP methods for cytotoxicity prediction of model rutile nanoparticles [Ti40O124H81]7–, [Ti7O28H26]2–, [Ti2O10H10]2–, [Ti7O30H30]2– and their Cu(II) complexes is investigated. Except for Mulliken charges, very good statistical parameters were obtained for the linear relation between the results obtained by both methods if standard accuracy of quantum-chemical calculations is achieved.
摘要研究了用PM6和DFT-B3LYP方法预测金红石型纳米颗粒[Ti40O124H81]7–、[Ti7O28H26]2–、[Ti2O10H10]2–和[Ti7O30H30]2-及其Cu(II)配合物细胞毒性时,铜原子电荷与金属-配体相互作用能之间的关系。除了穆利肯电荷,如果达到量子化学计算的标准精度,则对于两种方法获得的结果之间的线性关系,获得了非常好的统计参数。
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引用次数: 9
Predictive control of a cascade of biochemical reactors 级联生化反应器的预测控制
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2021-0007
M. Mojto, M. Horváthová, Karol Kiš, M. Furka, M. Bakosová
Abstract Rapid growth of the human population has led to various problems, such as massive overload of wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, optimal control of these plants is a relevant subject. This contribution analyses control of a cascade of ten biochemical reactors using simulation results with the aim to design optimal and predictive control strategies and to compare the achieved control performance. The plant represents a complicated process with many variables involved in the model structure, reduced to the single-input and single-output system. The first implemented approach is linear offset-free model predictive control which provides the optimal input trajectory minimising a quadratic cost function. The second control strategy is robust model predictive control with similar features as model predictive control but including the uncertainty of the process. The final approach is generalised predictive control, mostly used in the industry because of its simple structure and sufficiently good control performance. All considered predictive controllers provide satisfactory control performance and remove the steady-state control error despite the constrained control inputs.
人口的快速增长带来了各种各样的问题,如污水处理厂的大量超载。因此,对这些植物进行最优控制是一个相关的课题。本文利用仿真结果分析了十个生化反应器级联的控制,目的是设计最优和预测控制策略,并比较实现的控制性能。该装置是一个复杂的过程,模型结构中涉及许多变量,简化为单输入单输出系统。第一个实现的方法是线性无偏移模型预测控制,它提供了最小化二次代价函数的最优输入轨迹。第二种控制策略是鲁棒模型预测控制,它具有与模型预测控制相似的特征,但包含了过程的不确定性。最后一种方法是广义预测控制,由于其结构简单,控制性能足够好,在工业中应用较多。所考虑的所有预测控制器都具有令人满意的控制性能,并且在控制输入受限的情况下消除了稳态控制误差。
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引用次数: 0
A simple theoretical approach to converging of Myoglobin-Assay with different pH values 一个简单的理论方法,以收敛肌红蛋白测定与不同的pH值
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2021-0012
Özgehan Cansu Gülcü, E. Üstün
Abstract Many metal carbonyl complexes have been synthesized and analyzed as CO-releasing agents. As in many bioactivity assays, differences between in-vitro and in-vivo studies in Myoglobin Assay have been observed. Adjustment of in-vitro conditions to in-vivo conditions is one way to overcoming this problem. Changing the conditions of each in-vivo assay is not possible considering the available grant, material, and labor facilities. In-silico methods are suitable as they provide better in-vitro conditions before experimental procedures. A method which is easy to employ on a basic computer could be more suitable to observe the assay convergence. In this study, global reactivity descriptors were used as an approach to investigate pH differences in myoglobin assay. Global reactivity descriptors of the molecules were compared with myoglobin assay results at different pH values and molecular docking results performed with optimized molecules in different solvents. The following complexes were studied: [Mn(CO)3(bpy)(L)]PF6 (bpy: 2,2-bipyridyl, L: benzylbenzimidazole, 4-chlorobenzylbenzimidazole).
摘要许多金属羰基配合物已被合成并分析为CO释放剂。与许多生物活性测定一样,已经观察到肌红蛋白测定的体外和体内研究之间的差异。将体外条件调整为体内条件是克服这个问题的一种方法。考虑到可用的拨款、材料和劳动力设施,不可能改变每次体内测定的条件。硅方法是合适的,因为它们在实验程序之前提供了更好的体外条件。在基本计算机上易于使用的方法可能更适合于观察测定收敛性。在本研究中,全局反应性描述符被用作研究肌红蛋白测定中pH差异的方法。将分子的全局反应性描述符与不同pH值下的肌红蛋白测定结果以及在不同溶剂中用优化分子进行的分子对接结果进行比较。研究了以下配合物:[Mn(CO)3(bpy)(L)]PF6(bpy:2,2-联吡啶,L:苄基苯并咪唑,4-氯苄基苯并唑)。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic prediction of proton and hydrogen atom abstraction in dehydroascorbic acid and its bicyclic form 脱氢抗坏血酸及其双环形式中质子和氢原子提取的热力学预测
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2021-0005
Dagmar Štellerová, Vladimír Lukes
Abstract Conformation analysis of dehydroascorbic acid and its bicyclic form was performed using the density functional theory. For the energetically preferred conformations, ionization potentials (IP) and bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) were calculated using the B3LYP functional and 6-311++G** basis set. The effects of aqueous solution were estimated using the solvation model based on density (SMD) and the polarizable continuum model (IEF-PCM). The obtained results were compared with available experimental data for reference L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Our calculations indicate that the investigated bicyclic metabolic product of vitamin C can also exhibit limited radical scavenging ability due to the thermodynamically preferred dissociation of tertiary —CH bonds.
摘要利用密度泛函理论对脱氢抗坏血酸及其双环形式进行了构象分析。对于能量上优选的构象,使用B3LYP泛函和6-311++G**基组计算电离电势(IP)和键离解焓(BDE)。使用基于密度的溶剂化模型(SMD)和可极化连续体模型(IEF-PCM)来估计水溶液的影响。将获得的结果与参考L-抗坏血酸(维生素C)的可用实验数据进行比较。我们的计算表明,所研究的维生素C的双环代谢产物也可能由于叔-CH键的热力学优选解离而表现出有限的自由基清除能力。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Acta Chimica Slovaca
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