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The role of deep eutectic solvents in the production of cellulose nanomaterials from biomass 深度共晶溶剂在生物质制备纤维素纳米材料中的作用
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0008
V. Jančíková, M. Jablonský
Abstract In recent years, the demand for environment-friendly products has been on an increasing trend among researchers and industry for sustainable development. Deep eutectic solvents are green solvents which, due to their properties (biodegradability, recyclability, low cost, availability, easy preparation, low toxicity, chemical and thermal stability), can be used in various fields such as polymer chemistry, which includes nanocellulose isolation and polysaccharides processing. Several studies have illustrated the effectiveness of using deep eutectic solvents instead of the conventional reaction system to produce and disperse nanomaterials. This work summarizes the use of deep eutectic solvents in the isolation of cellulosic nanomaterials from different types of biomass. Deep eutectic solvents demonstrate high effectiveness in swelling lignocellulosic biomass and producing cellulose nanomaterials. Overall, deep eutectics solvents represent an innovative and effective pretreatment process for the fractionation of raw cellulose-containing fibres to promote subsequent isolation of nanomaterials made from cellulose.
近年来,研究人员和可持续发展行业对环境友好型产品的需求日益增长。深共晶溶剂是一种绿色溶剂,由于其具有生物降解性、可回收性、低成本、易获得性、制备简单、低毒、化学和热稳定性等特性,可用于高分子化学的各个领域,包括纳米纤维素的分离和多糖的加工。一些研究表明,使用深度共晶溶剂代替传统的反应体系来生产和分散纳米材料是有效的。本文综述了深度共晶溶剂在从不同类型生物质中分离纤维素纳米材料中的应用。深共晶溶剂在溶胀木质纤维素生物质和生产纤维素纳米材料方面表现出很高的效率。总的来说,深度共晶溶剂代表了一种创新和有效的预处理工艺,用于分离含纤维素的原料纤维,以促进纤维素制成的纳米材料的后续分离。
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引用次数: 5
Thermodynamic characterization of acid cryolite systems 酸性冰晶石体系的热力学表征
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0011
Michaela Benköová, E. Mališová, J. Híveš
Abstract Measuring of the electromotive force in molten system is used to characterize thermodynamic properties of the system at equilibrium. Values of the electromotive force are very important for the determination of activity and standard electrode potential. Investigation of the electromotive force of Al + TiB2 and Al-Al cell was the main aim of this work leading to the characterization of acid cryolite systems. The measurements were realized using a molten aluminum electrode and the electromotive force of an electrochemical cell was investigated in electrolytes at various molar ratios (NaF/AlF3) at equilibrium. Thermodynamic properties were measured in acid cryolite melts at three different temperatures: 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C, for all experiments.
摘要通过测量熔融体系中的电动势来表征系统在平衡状态下的热力学性质。电动势的值对于活性和标准电极电势的测定非常重要。本工作的主要目的是研究Al+TiB2和Al-Al电池的电动势,从而对酸性冰晶石系统进行表征。使用熔融铝电极实现测量,并在平衡时在不同摩尔比(NaF/AlF3)的电解质中研究电化学电池的电动势。在酸性冰晶石熔体中,在800°C、900°C和1000°C三种不同温度下测量了所有实验的热力学性质。
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引用次数: 0
Binary mixtures containing imidazolium ionic liquids: properties measurement 含有咪唑类离子液体的二元混合物:性质测量
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0003
P. Steltenpohl, E. Graczová
Abstract Densities and transport properties (dynamic viscosity) of pure imidazolium ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide and their binary mixtures with water and ethanol were measured within the temperature range of 293.15—333.15 K. Obtained experimental data were used to calculate excess molar volume and viscosity deviation. For the chosen binary mixtures, variations of excess molar volume, partial molar volumes of mixture components and of the viscosity deviation with the binary mixture composition were correlated using the Redlich-Kister equation. In addition, variation of viscosity with the binary mixture composition and temperature was fitted using the Jouyban-Acree model.
摘要在293.15--333.15K的温度范围内,测量了纯咪唑离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸酯和1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑鎓双氰胺及其与水和乙醇的二元混合物的密度和传输特性(动态粘度)。所得实验数据用于计算过量摩尔体积和粘度偏差。对于所选择的二元混合物,使用Redlich-Kister方程将过量摩尔体积、混合物组分的偏摩尔体积以及粘度偏差与二元混合物组成的变化关联起来。此外,使用Jouyban-Acree模型拟合了粘度随二元混合物组成和温度的变化。
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引用次数: 2
On the energetics of radical adduct formation of OH• with phenol analogs and aniline 苯酚类似物和苯胺形成OH•自由基加合物的热力学研究
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0002
Dagmar Štellerová, Vladimír Lukes
Abstract Theoretical studies on aniline, phenol, benzenethiol, benzeneselenol, and their corresponding adducts with hydroxyl radical in possible positions on a hydrocarbon ring are presented. Bond dissociation enthalpies, related to radical scavenging of primary antioxidants, were calculated using the M06–2X/6–311+G** method. Calculated data were compared with available experimental data. Preferable homolytic bond dissociation of the presented molecules with OH• through functional groups X—OH followed by the m–OH ones has been confirmed. The highest antioxidant activity among the investigated positions is predicted for benzeneselenol. Also, the formation of non-covalent van der Waals structures has been shown as important in radical scavenging.
摘要本文对苯胺、苯酚、苯乙醇和苯乙醇和相应的羟基加合物在烃环上的可能位置进行了理论研究。用M06-2X / 6-311 +G**方法计算了与自由基清除有关的键解离焓。计算数据与现有实验数据进行了比较。所提分子通过X-OH官能团和m-OH官能团较好地与OH•均解键。预测苯二烯醇的抗氧化活性最高。此外,非共价范德华结构的形成已被证明在自由基清除中很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Thermochemistry of antioxidant action of isoflavones and their deprotonated forms in aqueous solution: hydrogen or electron transfer? 异黄酮的抗氧化作用及其在水溶液中的去质子化形式的热化学:氢或电子转移?
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0004
Monika Biela, A. Kleinová, E. Klein
Abstract Isoflavones possessing several weak acidic hydroxyl groups can undergo successive deprotonations in aqueous solutions. Therefore, their antioxidant properties cannot be ascribed only to the neutral forms but also to corresponding phenoxide anions. It was already confirmed that isoflavones prefer the formation of dianions in aqueous solution. For eight isoflavones and their preferred (poly)deprotonated forms, thermochemistry of hydrogen atom transfer and electron abstraction was studied in terms of corresponding reaction enthalpies, i.e., O—H bond dissociation enthalpies and ionization potentials. Our results clearly indicate that the increase in negative charge causes significant drop in ionization potential and bond dissociation enthalpy. On the other hand, proton affinities show the opposite trend. Thus, it is unfeasible to find a generally valid trend for dianions — corresponding reaction enthalpies strongly depend on the structure of isoflavone, especially on the number/positions of OH groups.
具有几个弱酸性羟基的异黄酮在水溶液中可发生连续的去质子化。因此,它们的抗氧化性能不能仅仅归因于中性形式,也归因于相应的苯氧阴离子。已经证实异黄酮在水溶液中倾向于形成阴离子。对8种异黄酮及其优选的(聚)去质子形式,根据相应的反应焓,即O-H键解离焓和电离势,研究了氢原子转移和电子抽离的热化学性质。我们的结果清楚地表明,负电荷的增加导致电离势和键解离焓的显著下降。另一方面,质子的亲合力则呈现相反的趋势。因此,寻找一个普遍有效的趋势是不可能的,相应的反应焓强烈地依赖于异黄酮的结构,特别是OH基团的数目/位置。
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引用次数: 0
Pre-treatment of lignocellulosic materials by enzymatic mixture to enhance biogas production 用酶混合物预处理木质纤维素材料以提高沼气产量
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0005
Barbora Jankovičová, M. Hutňan, Marianna Czӧlderová, J. Barbušová
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an enzymatic mixture on the increase of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials as rapeseed straw, maize waste, and wheat straw. For efficient application of the enzymatic mixture, conditions of its use were optimized regarding 50 °C, pH 7 and an enzyme dose of 0.25 % w/v. Biogas potential test confirmed positive effect of the enzymatic mixture on anaerobic digestion of already thermally and alkali pre-treated lignocellulosic materials, as significantly higher biogas production was observed after the enzymatic mixture addition for all monitored substrates. Addition of the enzymatic mixture to the most used substrate at biogas plants — maize silage, had also positive effect on biogas production during the biogas potential test. This fact was not proven during long-term operations of the reactors as the values of total cumulative biogas productions for the whole monitored period from reactors for anaerobic digestion of maize silage with and without addition of enzymatic mixture did not differ significantly.
摘要本研究的目的是评价一种酶混合物对增加油菜籽秸秆、玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆等木质纤维素材料的沼气产量的影响。为了有效地应用酶混合物,优化了其使用条件,温度为50°C, pH为7,酶剂量为0.25% w/v。沼气电位测试证实了酶混合物对已经经过热处理和碱预处理的木质纤维素材料厌氧消化的积极影响,因为在所有监测的底物中添加酶混合物后,观察到明显更高的沼气产量。在沼气池电位试验中,在沼气池中使用最多的基质——玉米青贮中添加酶混合料对沼气池的产气量也有积极的影响。这一事实在反应器的长期运行中没有得到证实,因为在整个监测期间,添加酶混合物和不添加酶混合物的玉米青贮厌氧消化反应器的总累积沼气产量没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Nanotextiles — materials suitable for respiratory tract protection but a source of nano- and microplastic particles in the environment 纳米纺织品——适用于呼吸道保护的材料,但也是环境中纳米和微塑料颗粒的来源
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0006
Petra Roupcová, H. Kubátová, Katerina Batrlova, K. Klouda
Abstract The paper deals with the formation of nanomaterials (nanoparticles and nanofibers) in the manufacture and use of respiratory protective equipment. It focuses mainly on processes leading to the release of nanoplastics into the workplace and the environment. Based on selected properties of materials used for the manufacture of protective equipment, their stability in the environment is revealed. The paper demonstrates the impact on the environment considering semichronic phytotoxicity of nanoplastics.
摘要本文论述了纳米材料(纳米粒子和纳米纤维)在呼吸防护设备的制造和使用中的形成。它主要关注导致纳米塑料释放到工作场所和环境中的过程。根据防护装备材料的选择性能,揭示了它们在环境中的稳定性。本文从纳米塑料的半时性植物毒性角度论证了其对环境的影响。
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引用次数: 2
DFT studies of camptothecins cytotoxicity III: camptothecin, irinotecan and SN-38 喜树碱细胞毒性的DFT研究III:喜树碱、伊立替康和SN-38
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4083390
M. Štekláč, M. Breza
Abstract Geometries of camptothecin, irinotecan, SN-38, and of their hypothetical Cu(II) complexes were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G* level of theory. Their electron structure, evaluated in terms of Mulliken population analysis and Quantum Theory of Atoms-in-Molecule, was subsequently related to in vitro cytotoxicity. Electron density transfer from the relevant active sites to Cu decreases in the sequence irinotecan > SN-38 > camptothecin. The absolute values of their metal-ligand interaction energies exhibit the same trend. Discrepancy with the least relative in vitro cytotoxicity of irinotecan can be explained by differences in its pharmacokinetics.
摘要对喜树碱、伊立替康、SN-38及其假设的Cu(II)配合物的几何结构在B3LYP/6-311G*水平上进行了理论优化。它们的电子结构,根据Mulliken种群分析和分子原子量子理论进行评估,随后与体外细胞毒性有关。从相关活性位点到Cu的电子密度转移在irinotecan > SN-38 >喜树碱序列中减少。它们的金属-配体相互作用能的绝对值也表现出相同的趋势。与伊立替康相对最小体外细胞毒性的差异可以通过其药代动力学的差异来解释。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of molecular chain length on polarizabilities of model acenes and oligomers 分子链长度对模型蒽和低聚物极化率的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0013
Matej Uhliar, J. Matúska, D. Cagardová
Abstract A systematic quantum chemical study of model linear oligomers and their ring-fused (condensed) analogues based on six-membered and five-membered aromatic units is presented. Static electric polarizabilities were calculated for optimal geometries. The dependence of electronic and vibrational polarizability contributions on the molecular size was discussed and polymer limits were estimated. The presence of a diradical electronic structure in fused six-membered compounds significantly increases the polarizability values.
摘要系统地研究了基于六元和五元芳基的模型线性低聚物及其环熔(缩合)类似物的量子化学性质。计算了最佳几何形状的静电极化率。讨论了电子极化率和振动极化率对分子尺寸的影响,并估计了聚合物的极限。在熔融六元化合物中,双基电子结构的存在显著提高了极化率值。
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引用次数: 0
Detoxification and adaptation mechanisms of Trichoderma atroviride to antifungal agents 萎缩木霉对抗真菌药物的解毒作用及适应机制
IF 0.8 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0010
Zuzana Kubová, Tomáš Pagáč, J. Víglaš, P. Olejníková
Abstract Filamentous fungi are crucial for recycling of organic material in nature. In natural habitats, they cope with many stress factors and therefore their adaptation ability to various conditions is very high. Trichoderma sp., fungi used in agriculture as biocontrol agent, are exposed to a variety of toxic molecules including pesticides and fungicides. They have to fight with toxic molecules using stress adaptation mechanisms known as the stress response. Adaptation of fungi to stress, especially to chemical stress, is not well studied in environmental fungal strains. Moreover, the adaptation process presents a risk of resistance mechanism induction to antifungal agents. Such resistant strains could be spread in the environment. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge of the adaptation process spread throughout the fungal kingdom. Transcriptional response of ABC transporters, the main detoxification efflux pumps of subfamily B and G in presence of antifungal agents, is shown. On the other hand, as azoles are the most commonly used antifungal structures in clinical practice and agriculture, changes in important fungal ergosterol biosynthesis genes as a result of their exposure to various azoles structure are highlighted.
摘要丝状真菌对自然界有机物质的回收利用至关重要。在自然栖息地,它们要应对许多压力因素,因此它们对各种条件的适应能力非常高。木霉(Trichoderma sp.)是一种在农业中用作生物防治剂的真菌,暴露在包括杀虫剂和杀菌剂在内的多种有毒分子中。它们必须利用被称为应激反应的应激适应机制来对抗有毒分子。真菌对胁迫的适应,特别是对化学胁迫的适应在环境真菌菌株中没有得到很好的研究。此外,适应过程存在抗真菌药物耐药性机制诱导的风险。这种抗性菌株可能在环境中传播。这项工作旨在为了解真菌界的适应过程做出贡献。ABC转运蛋白是B和G亚家族的主要解毒外排泵,在抗真菌药物存在下表现出转录反应。另一方面,由于唑类化合物是临床实践和农业中最常用的抗真菌结构,因此强调了由于暴露于各种唑类化合物结构而导致的重要真菌麦角甾醇生物合成基因的变化。
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引用次数: 1
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Acta Chimica Slovaca
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