Acta Chimica Slovenica最新文献

Neurocognitive decline during the perioperative period represents a risk of significant complications, including dementia and even death. Our prospective study included high-risk surgical patients who underwent large intestinal resections. Balanced anaesthesia was used to maximize cerebral protection. The release of NSE, protein S-100, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and other biomarkers of cerebral injury and inflammation were measured during and after surgery to obtain the perioperative concentration profile and to identify possible clinically useful markers. Profiles of proteins MMP-9 and S-100 showed perioperative increase, which was in accordance with intraoperative cerebral injury. The S-100 and NSE plasma levels remained within normal values. The level of NSE even decreased, probably due to intraoperative fluid infusion. Our study showed that the use of neuroprotective anesthesia can reduce neuroinflammation. The study also highlights the perioperative expression of proteins MMP-9 and S-100, which might be useful as biomarkers of cerebral injury in the context of balanced anesthesia during major abdominal surgery.

To investigate the total secondary metabolite amounts, phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, acute toxicity, cytotoxic, and wound-healing effects of the aerial parts of Saponaria kotschyi (endemic) and Saponaria pumilio extracts. The total phenolic, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin contents; antioxidant activity (via six different methods, including β-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays); phenolic constituents in the extracts (HPLC method); acute toxicity (brine shrimp lethality test); antiproliferative effects on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cancer cell lines (MTT assay); and the effects on wound healing in healthy mouse fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3) through an in vitro scratch assay were evaluated. The methanol extract of S. kotschyi demonstrated higher concentrations of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity than S. pumilio. Both species predominantly contained caffeic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and epicatechin, though S. pumilio had a notably higher caffeic acid content. Additionally, S. kotschyi extract showed greater cytotoxicity against HeLa and SH-SY5Y cancer cells, while S. pumilio exhibited greater wound-healing efficacy. Two previously unexplored Saponaria species reveal a remarkable richness in secondary metabolites and potent antioxidant activity. Given their diverse phenolic constituents, these species emerge as promising candidates for therapeutic applications in cervical cancer and neuroblastoma, as well as playing a potentially critical role in tissue repair and regeneration-areas that merit further in-depth investigation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer and antioxidant activities of the G. januensis subsp. lydia (Fabaceae) and to isolate the phytochemical compounds responsible for these activities. In this study, the G. januensis plant was extracted by maceration with increasing polarity and the anticancer activity of the crude extracts was investigated by performing cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle analyses.  In addition, the total phenolic/flavonoid content was determined in crude extracts and antioxidant activity. According to the results of anticancer and antioxidant activities, the EtOAc extract was found to have the highest activity and this extract was selected for an isolation study. All purified flavonoid compounds from the EtOAc extract were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy methods and compared with the literature data. A new biflavonoid (4) was isolated together with three known isoflavonoids (Genistein (1), Genistin (2) and 4'-hydroxy isoflavon (3)) from Genista januensis subsp. lydia (Fabaceae). MTT analysis of the compounds 2, 3, and 4 was utilized to evaluate the anticancer activity. Moreover, compound 4 had antioxidant activities determined. These findings suggest that G. januensis subsp. lydia has potential for further study as a natural source of antiproliferative and antioxidant agents.

Two new lanthanide mercury halide compounds with isonicotinic acid as a ligand, namely, [Gd(HIA)2(IA)(H2O)2(HgCl2)]n(nHgCl4)·3nH2O (1) (HIA = isonicotinic acid) and {[Nd(HIA)3(DMF)(H2O)]n}[(Hg4Br11)n](2HgBr2)(nBr)·nH3O·0.5nH2O (2) (DMF = N,N'-Dimethylformamide), were synthesized by means of solvothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is characterized by a two-dimensional (2-D) layer-like structure, while compound 2 features a one-dimensional (1-D) chain-like structure. The lanthanide ions in both compounds are eight coordination and show a square antiprism geometry. The mercury ions exhibit various coordination motifs. Compound 1 shows a ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence emission, while compound 2 displays red photoluminescence. The photoluminescence emissions come from the characteristic emissions of the 4f electron intrashell transitions of the 6P7/2 → 8S7/2 of the Gd3+ ions in compound 1 and the 4F9/2 → 4I9/2, 4F7/2 + 4S3/2→ 4I9/2, 4F5/2 + 2H9/2→ 4I9/2, 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 of the Nd3+ ions in compound 2. Compound 2 has CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Éclairage) chromaticity coordinates (0.7142, 0.2857) and its CCT (correlated color temperature) is 138224 K. Solid-state UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra discovered that their semiconductor band gaps are 3.12 eV and 3.23 eV, respectively.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment. Singlet oxygen is produced as a result of the photochemical reaction between light, photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen, which kills cells. Colon cancer, affecting 1.23 million people worldwide, often requires surgery but has high recurrence and metastasis rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment for colon cancer. This study used MTT assays to evaluate cell viability and applied Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine photosensitizers to the colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line to investigate cancer pathways via flow cytometry and q-PCR. The results showed that PDT with Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine significantly reduced cell viability in HT-29 cells and induced apoptosis at a rate of 53%. According to q-PCR results, CT values of ten out of thirty genes were found to be significant and their association with cancer was evaluated.

Endothelial dysfunction, a key factor in cardiovascular diseases, is further aggravated by oxidative stress. Biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) are potent antioxidants that protect endothelial cells, with biliverdin reductase (BVR) converting BV to BR to maintain redox balance. This study explored BVR's role in mediating these protective effects under normoxic and hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions. Pharmacological inhibition of BVR reduced the protective effects of BV and BR, as evidenced by decreased cell viability, cellular antioxidant activity, and intracellular bilirubin levels. Activation of ERK1/2 reduced BVR's protective function, while its inhibition enhanced it. Additionally, disruption of the BVR-ERK interaction further modulated these effects, highlighting the BVR-ERK1/2 interaction sites as potential therapeutic targets for oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction.

In this work, the silica gel recovered from the blast furnace slag was exploited for the elimination of cadmium in batch mode under the action of different factors. Physico-chemical analyzes revealed that the modified slag is only composed of silica (96.14%). Its specific surface area is 484 m2g-1 and the pH corresponding to PZC is 4.2. The experiment revealed that the effect of the determining factors contributed considerably to the progression of the adsorption capacity (154.11 mg/g). Adsorption isotherms demonstrated that the removal of cadmium on modified slag was accomplished on a homogeneous monolayer surface (R2= 099; qmax= 153.84 mg/g). Kinetic analysis revealed that this process agreed with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 ≥ 0.99). In addition, it was indicated that the diffusion of the pollutant is ensured by external and intraparticle diffusion. The values of thermodynamic variables clarified that cadmium sorption is spontaneous, exothermic, less entropic and physically executed under the effect of electrostatic interaction. The desorption process revealed that the reuse of Silica gel was feasible over five consecutive cycles.

(2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(5,5'-methylenebis(2-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-phenyl-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazole-5,2-diyl))bis(3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one) were synthesized from (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-(5,5'-methylenebis(2-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(5-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-3-phenylthiazolidin-4-one)through cycloaddition reaction with Cinnamic acid hydrazide and evaluated its anti bacterial, fungal and nematicidal activity against. Among the tested compounds 5b and 5d containing chloro and Nitro are the most effective against Dietylenchus myceliophagus, Caonorbitis elegans with LD 50 between 160 and 190 ppm, 190 and 210 ppm respectively, . Compounds 5b, 5e showed good zone of inhibition against B. subtiles compounds 5c and 5d were active against S.aureus compounds 5a, 5c &5e were active against C. Violaceum and compounds 5b, 5a and 5d were the most active against K. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and B. sphaericus. Compounds 5b and 5d showed good inhibition towards C. albicans at the concentration of  3.12 μg/mL which is less than Amphotericin B standard.

      The effect of heterocyclic compounds, derived from benzimidazole (BnZ), namely1-Benzyl-2-phenyl 1H-benzimidazole (BI) and1-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole(NNBI),on the carbon corrosion steel in 1M HCl medium was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). The effects of the concentration and the temperature were studied. The determined electrochemical parameters showed that the two inhibitors are of mixed type. The inhibitory effect of NNBI was lesser compared to that of BI. The most electron-withdrawing substituent offers the lowest efficiency. The mechanism of action of these inhibitors has been defined by the thermodynamic study. Calculated,, and values confirmed that BI and NNBI adsorb through a chemical and physical process. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The quantum chemical parameters calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) corroborate with both the experimental data and those of the literature. Keywords: Corrosion; steel; organic inhibitors; benzimidazole; DFT; MDS.