Anna Teski, Attila Takács, Zoltán Pálinkás, B. Molnár, G. Szőcs
Along with climate change, or by transportation of agricultural products, such as fruits and ornamental plants, their alien insect pests have also started to appear in Hungary. Although these pest species are sometimes sparsely studied, their biology and interactions with their host plants provide key information for monitoring their spread and identifying their vulnerable points, targets for developing methods preventing their overpopulation. In this review article we have collected data on newly emerged moth species recently found in Hungary that might threaten plantations in Hungary in the near future.
{"title":"An overview of alien, invasive Microlepidoptera species, potential pests in agri- horti- or silviculture, recently found in Hungary","authors":"Anna Teski, Attila Takács, Zoltán Pálinkás, B. Molnár, G. Szőcs","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00209","url":null,"abstract":"Along with climate change, or by transportation of agricultural products, such as fruits and ornamental plants, their alien insect pests have also started to appear in Hungary. Although these pest species are sometimes sparsely studied, their biology and interactions with their host plants provide key information for monitoring their spread and identifying their vulnerable points, targets for developing methods preventing their overpopulation. In this review article we have collected data on newly emerged moth species recently found in Hungary that might threaten plantations in Hungary in the near future.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"56 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All described Uropodina species (351) are listed from the last 30 years with the original occurrences. On continent level, the most of the described species are from Asia (121), from Central and South America (87) and from Africa (79). On country level, the most species were described from Ecuador (21), Vietnam (21), Kenya (18), Thailand (16), Costa Rica (15), China (14), Slovakia (14), Malaysia (14), Madagascar (14), Brazil (13), Indonesia (11), India (10) and Peru (10) and nine or fewer species were described from the other countries in the last 30 years. Trichouropoda pocsi Kontschán, 2004 (Comoro Islands) is a junior homonymous name of Trichouropoda pocsi Hirschmann & Wisniewski, 1987. The new replacement name for the T. pocsi Kontschán, 2004 is Trichouropoda pocstamasi nom. nov.
{"title":"Catalogue of the Uropodina species (Acari: Mesostigmata) described between 1993 and 2023","authors":"J. Kontschán","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00216","url":null,"abstract":"All described Uropodina species (351) are listed from the last 30 years with the original occurrences. On continent level, the most of the described species are from Asia (121), from Central and South America (87) and from Africa (79). On country level, the most species were described from Ecuador (21), Vietnam (21), Kenya (18), Thailand (16), Costa Rica (15), China (14), Slovakia (14), Malaysia (14), Madagascar (14), Brazil (13), Indonesia (11), India (10) and Peru (10) and nine or fewer species were described from the other countries in the last 30 years. Trichouropoda pocsi Kontschán, 2004 (Comoro Islands) is a junior homonymous name of Trichouropoda pocsi Hirschmann & Wisniewski, 1987. The new replacement name for the T. pocsi Kontschán, 2004 is Trichouropoda pocstamasi nom. nov.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"32 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new vagrant species of phyllocoptine mites, Paraepitrimerus abaujensis n. sp. associated with Minuartia frutescens (Caryophyllaceae) is described and illustrated from Hungary.
描述了与 Minuartia frutescens（Caryophyllaceae）有关的一种新的流浪植物螨类 Paraepitrimerus abaujensis n. sp.
{"title":"A new Paraepitrimerus species (Acari: Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary on an endemic plant, Minuartia frutescens (Caryophyllaceae)","authors":"G. Ripka","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00211","url":null,"abstract":"A new vagrant species of phyllocoptine mites, Paraepitrimerus abaujensis n. sp. associated with Minuartia frutescens (Caryophyllaceae) is described and illustrated from Hungary.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to investigate how the transfer of matrix materials from eroded asbestos cement products induces stress responses in plants. The paper evaluates the exposure and risk factors of plants, water, and soil to asbestos cement materials. Additionally, the experimental results provide empirical evidence for plant stress responses based on physiological and germination parameters. Contamination of irrigation water with asbestos cement raises environmental concerns due to its potential toxicity to plants and soil quality. Asbestos in irrigation water can lead to toxic stress for plants, affecting germination processes and growth. The paper analyzes the effects of preset doses of irrigation water containing asbestos cement matrix on the germination process and physiological parameters of Solanum lycopersicum in a controlled experiment setting. This research proposes methodological developments that could be valuable for environmental plant protection professionals.
{"title":"The impact of irrigation with harvested rainwater containing asbestos cement matrix on the germination characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum","authors":"Gergely Zoltán Macher, Dóra Beke","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00207","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to investigate how the transfer of matrix materials from eroded asbestos cement products induces stress responses in plants. The paper evaluates the exposure and risk factors of plants, water, and soil to asbestos cement materials. Additionally, the experimental results provide empirical evidence for plant stress responses based on physiological and germination parameters. Contamination of irrigation water with asbestos cement raises environmental concerns due to its potential toxicity to plants and soil quality. Asbestos in irrigation water can lead to toxic stress for plants, affecting germination processes and growth. The paper analyzes the effects of preset doses of irrigation water containing asbestos cement matrix on the germination process and physiological parameters of Solanum lycopersicum in a controlled experiment setting. This research proposes methodological developments that could be valuable for environmental plant protection professionals.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in RNase activities were investigated in extracts from barley near isogenic lines without or with various powdery mildew resistance genes and were compared to changes in wheat and Brachypodium distachyon leaves after powdery mildew infections. In barley, the compatible interaction with powdery mildew induced the highest increase in RNase activity as measured spectrophotometrically. The incompatible interaction that accompanied with hypersensitive reaction in Mla leaves gave less increase, whereas incompatible interactions in Mlg and mlo barley leaves without visible symptoms gave the least increase of RNase activity. In wheat, the largest RNase activity was found in leaves infected with the compatible wheat powdery mildew or wheat stem and leaf rusts. RNase activity in B. distachyon was higher than that in healthy wheat and especially barley leaves. The electrophoretic RNase enzyme activity patterns were different in barley, wheat and B. distachyon plants, but showed similar activities as determined spectrophotometrically. Barley genes encoding endonuclease 2 and ribonuclease 3-like protein X3 showed the highest expression in the compatible barley - barley powdery mildew interaction as measured by RT-qPCR. This correlated with RNase activities in leaf extracts suggesting that RNases in barley and wheat may act as susceptibility factors of powdery mildew and rust diseases.
{"title":"Changes in RNase activities and in expression of two RNase genes in powdery mildew infected barley, wheat and Brachypodium distachyon leaves","authors":"C. Juhász, G. Gullner, Balázs Barna","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00208","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in RNase activities were investigated in extracts from barley near isogenic lines without or with various powdery mildew resistance genes and were compared to changes in wheat and Brachypodium distachyon leaves after powdery mildew infections. In barley, the compatible interaction with powdery mildew induced the highest increase in RNase activity as measured spectrophotometrically. The incompatible interaction that accompanied with hypersensitive reaction in Mla leaves gave less increase, whereas incompatible interactions in Mlg and mlo barley leaves without visible symptoms gave the least increase of RNase activity. In wheat, the largest RNase activity was found in leaves infected with the compatible wheat powdery mildew or wheat stem and leaf rusts. RNase activity in B. distachyon was higher than that in healthy wheat and especially barley leaves. The electrophoretic RNase enzyme activity patterns were different in barley, wheat and B. distachyon plants, but showed similar activities as determined spectrophotometrically. Barley genes encoding endonuclease 2 and ribonuclease 3-like protein X3 showed the highest expression in the compatible barley - barley powdery mildew interaction as measured by RT-qPCR. This correlated with RNase activities in leaf extracts suggesting that RNases in barley and wheat may act as susceptibility factors of powdery mildew and rust diseases.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Júlia Hegyi-Kaló, Richard F. Golen, Z. Karácsony, Adrienn Gomba-Tóth, Thomas Cels, Á. I. Hegyi, K. Váczy
Botrytis cinerea is one of the fungal pathogens with the widest host plant spectrum, causing serious yield losses and significant economic damage in vineyards from year to year. As an ubiquitous, polyphagous fungal pathogen, with both saprophytic and parasitic lifestyle. The sequential use of active substances belonging to the same chemical family to protect vineyards can lead to an increase in fungal chemical resistance, which is reflected in the enrichment of point mutations in the genomic regions coding proteins involved in the mechanism of action of different pesticides. The aim of our studies was to compare the sensitivity to different fungicides of B. cinerea populations in two wine regions with different pest management practices: the Tokaj region, where the presence of B. cinerea is necessary to produce noble rot wines, and the adjacent Eger Region, where a total protection against B. cinerea is desired. Our study is the first Hungarian report of some previously studied resistance mutations in ERG27 and SDHB protein-coding genes. We identified point mutations in ERG27 transmembrane domain that have not been previously described but may affect the emergence of resistance to certain fungicides. Our study shows that the B. cinerea population of the Northern Hungary region is consistently characterized by an increase in fenhexamid resistance.
葡萄灰霉病是寄主植物分布最广的真菌病原体之一，每年都会给葡萄园造成严重的产量损失和巨大的经济损失。它是一种无处不在的多食性真菌病原体，具有吸食和寄生两种生活方式。连续使用属于同一化学家族的活性物质来保护葡萄园，会导致真菌耐药性的增加，这反映在不同杀虫剂作用机制中编码蛋白质的基因组区域中点突变的富集上。我们研究的目的是比较两个葡萄酒产区不同虫害管理方法下的葡萄孢菌对不同杀菌剂的敏感性：托卡伊产区和邻近的埃格尔产区，前者是生产贵腐葡萄酒的必要条件，而后者则是希望完全防止葡萄孢菌的危害。我们的研究是匈牙利首次报告以前研究过的 ERG27 和 SDHB 蛋白编码基因中的一些抗性突变。我们发现了 ERG27 跨膜结构域中的点突变，这些突变以前未被描述过，但可能会影响对某些杀真菌剂产生抗性。我们的研究结果表明，匈牙利北部地区的 B. cinerea 种群一直具有芬克菌胺抗性增加的特点。
{"title":"Geospatial share of fungicide resistant Botrytis cinerea mutations in the Tokaj and Eger wine regions according to local pest management strategies","authors":"Júlia Hegyi-Kaló, Richard F. Golen, Z. Karácsony, Adrienn Gomba-Tóth, Thomas Cels, Á. I. Hegyi, K. Váczy","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00205","url":null,"abstract":"Botrytis cinerea is one of the fungal pathogens with the widest host plant spectrum, causing serious yield losses and significant economic damage in vineyards from year to year. As an ubiquitous, polyphagous fungal pathogen, with both saprophytic and parasitic lifestyle. The sequential use of active substances belonging to the same chemical family to protect vineyards can lead to an increase in fungal chemical resistance, which is reflected in the enrichment of point mutations in the genomic regions coding proteins involved in the mechanism of action of different pesticides. The aim of our studies was to compare the sensitivity to different fungicides of B. cinerea populations in two wine regions with different pest management practices: the Tokaj region, where the presence of B. cinerea is necessary to produce noble rot wines, and the adjacent Eger Region, where a total protection against B. cinerea is desired. Our study is the first Hungarian report of some previously studied resistance mutations in ERG27 and SDHB protein-coding genes. We identified point mutations in ERG27 transmembrane domain that have not been previously described but may affect the emergence of resistance to certain fungicides. Our study shows that the B. cinerea population of the Northern Hungary region is consistently characterized by an increase in fenhexamid resistance.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Giant Elm Bracket (Rigidoporus ulmarius) is a widely-distributed necrotrophic polypore species that causes white heart rot in deciduous trees. Despite its recognition as one of the largest species known for forming basidiomata, this perennial polypore had not been documented in Hungary. However, in recent years, two specimens macroscopically resembling this species were collected on old horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) trees from two different places in Hungary by amateur mycologists. In this study, subsequent morphological and molecular-genetic analyses of these fungal samples confirmed their identity as R. ulmarius. This study represents the first documented occurrence of this plant pathogenic polypore species in Hungary.
巨榆树托架（Rigidoporus ulmarius）是一种分布广泛的坏死性多孔菌，会导致落叶树发生白心腐病。尽管这种多年生多孔菌被认为是已知能形成基瘤的最大物种之一，但在匈牙利却没有记录。不过，近年来，业余真菌学家在匈牙利两个不同地方的老七叶树（Aesculus hippocastanum）上采集到了两个宏观上与该物种相似的标本。在这项研究中，随后对这些真菌样本进行的形态学和分子遗传学分析证实了它们就是 R. ulmarius。这项研究首次记录了这种植物病原多孔菌在匈牙利的出现。
{"title":"A new pathogenic polypore on urban trees: The first record of Rigidoporus ulmarius (Rigidoporaceae, Hymenochaetales) in Hungary","authors":"V. Papp","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00195","url":null,"abstract":"The Giant Elm Bracket (Rigidoporus ulmarius) is a widely-distributed necrotrophic polypore species that causes white heart rot in deciduous trees. Despite its recognition as one of the largest species known for forming basidiomata, this perennial polypore had not been documented in Hungary. However, in recent years, two specimens macroscopically resembling this species were collected on old horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) trees from two different places in Hungary by amateur mycologists. In this study, subsequent morphological and molecular-genetic analyses of these fungal samples confirmed their identity as R. ulmarius. This study represents the first documented occurrence of this plant pathogenic polypore species in Hungary.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zhukovskaya, I. Grushevaya, Alexander A. Miltsen, O. Selitskaya, A. Shchenikova, A. N. Frolov, Miklós Tóth
The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), relies on multimodal sensory information to find food, mates, mating and ovipositional grounds. Successful phytosanitary monitoring demands for the bait for the field traps to obtain the most reliable representation of pest abundance. Attraction to light and blend of key components of host plant odor, was tested both in the laboratory and field conditions. Ultraviolet light, which was the most effective in the wind tunnel experiments, was further tested in the field alone and in combination with bisexual lure. Bisexual lure, being attractive in the lab, as well as in the field, did not improve responses to ultraviolet in both experimental designs. All three baits attracted significantly more females than males in the field. Wind tunnel experiments revealed that ultraviolet elicited the shortest response latencies either alone or paired with the odor bait. The lack of synergistic effect between attractive light and odor stimuli is an important issue for pest monitoring. The possible reasons for the observed lack of synergy are the hierarchy of behavioral responses to different stimuli or the intensities of both stimuli are critically important for attractivity of combined stimulus and differ from separately presented ones.
{"title":"To attract a moth: Wind tunnel and field testing of plant odor and light stimuli and their combination for Ostrinia nubilalis","authors":"M. Zhukovskaya, I. Grushevaya, Alexander A. Miltsen, O. Selitskaya, A. Shchenikova, A. N. Frolov, Miklós Tóth","doi":"10.1556/038.2024.00197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2024.00197","url":null,"abstract":"The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), relies on multimodal sensory information to find food, mates, mating and ovipositional grounds. Successful phytosanitary monitoring demands for the bait for the field traps to obtain the most reliable representation of pest abundance. Attraction to light and blend of key components of host plant odor, was tested both in the laboratory and field conditions. Ultraviolet light, which was the most effective in the wind tunnel experiments, was further tested in the field alone and in combination with bisexual lure. Bisexual lure, being attractive in the lab, as well as in the field, did not improve responses to ultraviolet in both experimental designs. All three baits attracted significantly more females than males in the field. Wind tunnel experiments revealed that ultraviolet elicited the shortest response latencies either alone or paired with the odor bait. The lack of synergistic effect between attractive light and odor stimuli is an important issue for pest monitoring. The possible reasons for the observed lack of synergy are the hierarchy of behavioral responses to different stimuli or the intensities of both stimuli are critically important for attractivity of combined stimulus and differ from separately presented ones.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elias El Chami, Josepha El Chami, Ákos Tarnawa, Katalin Mária Kassai, Zoltán Kende, Márton Jolánkai
Abstract The fungal genus Fusarium encompasses a diverse group of species responsible for synthesizing mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and zearalenone and inducing Fusarium head blight in wheat. The research was undertaken over a period of two consecutive growing seasons (2020 and 2021) on the premises and facilities of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of growing season, nitrogen fertilization, and wheat variety on Fusarium infection as well as mycotoxin contamination in wheat kernel. Zearalenone was absent throughout the course of the two growing seasons, whereas deoxynivalenol was found solely in 2020. The findings demonstrate that nitrogen fertilization failed to exhibit a statistically significant impact on both Fusarium infection and mycotoxin production. The impact of wheat variety on Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol was not found to be statistically significant. However, it exerted a significant effect on fumonisin production. The growing season exerted a statistically significant impact on the incidence of Fusarium infection and the ensuing contamination with mycotoxins, attributable to augmented precipitation levels in 2021 compared to 2020, specifically during the flowering period when the spike of wheat is highly susceptible to Fusarium infection.
{"title":"Fusarium head blight in wheat: Impact of growing season, wheat variety and nitrogen fertilization under natural infection","authors":"Elias El Chami, Josepha El Chami, Ákos Tarnawa, Katalin Mária Kassai, Zoltán Kende, Márton Jolánkai","doi":"10.1556/038.2023.00190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2023.00190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The fungal genus Fusarium encompasses a diverse group of species responsible for synthesizing mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and zearalenone and inducing Fusarium head blight in wheat. The research was undertaken over a period of two consecutive growing seasons (2020 and 2021) on the premises and facilities of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of growing season, nitrogen fertilization, and wheat variety on Fusarium infection as well as mycotoxin contamination in wheat kernel. Zearalenone was absent throughout the course of the two growing seasons, whereas deoxynivalenol was found solely in 2020. The findings demonstrate that nitrogen fertilization failed to exhibit a statistically significant impact on both Fusarium infection and mycotoxin production. The impact of wheat variety on Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol was not found to be statistically significant. However, it exerted a significant effect on fumonisin production. The growing season exerted a statistically significant impact on the incidence of Fusarium infection and the ensuing contamination with mycotoxins, attributable to augmented precipitation levels in 2021 compared to 2020, specifically during the flowering period when the spike of wheat is highly susceptible to Fusarium infection.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"112 44","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dóra Szabó, Nikolett Molnár, Adrienn Geiger, Zoltán Karácsony, Kálmán Zoltán Váczy
Abstract One of the major and yet unsolved threats for viticulture is the group of vascular fungal infections, the so-called grapevine trunk diseases. Besides their latent nature and the enormous number of associated pathogens, their control is also hampered by the lack of effective fungicides, directing growing attention toward the use of biocontrol agents. In the present study the isolation, identification, and characterization of a bacterial strain are presented, showing biocontrol potential against some main causal agents of grapevine trunk diseases. The strain was isolated from the wood of an asymptomatic grapevine and selected for the fungicidal activity against the pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora . According to 16S rDNA, gyrA, and gyrB sequences, the isolate belongs to Bacillus velezensis species. Confrontation tests with the bacterium or with its fermentation broth further revealed growth inhibition and fungicide activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea , Eutypa lata and Diaporthe ampelina pathogens. Fractionation of the bacterial culture filtrate suggests that the antifungal agents secreted by the B. velezenzis isolate are mainly lipoproteins. Phytotoxicity tests were also carried out with the isolate, showing no harmful effects on grapevine foliar disks.
{"title":"In vitro characterization of a Bacillus velezensis isolate as an antagonist of grapevine trunk disease pathogens","authors":"Dóra Szabó, Nikolett Molnár, Adrienn Geiger, Zoltán Karácsony, Kálmán Zoltán Váczy","doi":"10.1556/038.2023.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2023.00192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the major and yet unsolved threats for viticulture is the group of vascular fungal infections, the so-called grapevine trunk diseases. Besides their latent nature and the enormous number of associated pathogens, their control is also hampered by the lack of effective fungicides, directing growing attention toward the use of biocontrol agents. In the present study the isolation, identification, and characterization of a bacterial strain are presented, showing biocontrol potential against some main causal agents of grapevine trunk diseases. The strain was isolated from the wood of an asymptomatic grapevine and selected for the fungicidal activity against the pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora . According to 16S rDNA, gyrA, and gyrB sequences, the isolate belongs to Bacillus velezensis species. Confrontation tests with the bacterium or with its fermentation broth further revealed growth inhibition and fungicide activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea , Eutypa lata and Diaporthe ampelina pathogens. Fractionation of the bacterial culture filtrate suggests that the antifungal agents secreted by the B. velezenzis isolate are mainly lipoproteins. Phytotoxicity tests were also carried out with the isolate, showing no harmful effects on grapevine foliar disks.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":"101 49","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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