Evaluation studies were carried out to simulate realistic field exposures of sulfoxaflor and flonicamid against Aphis gossypii at foraging time of Apis mellifera. Semi-field trials of field rates of sulfoxaflor and flonicamid against A. gossypii laboratory strain at 48 h of exposure had equipollent overall mean of mortality of 62.50 and 63.50%, respectively in season of 2020, likewise 60.50 and 62.50%, respectively in season of 2021. Lethal time values (LT1) had ranges of 51.33–32.46 days for sulfoxaflor and 49.00–39.55 days for flonicamid. Laboratory trials on foraging honeybees (∼21 days old) at 5 h of exposure showed an excellence for sulfoxaflor (5.00%) in overall mean of mortality compared to flonicamid (2.75%) in season of 2020. Likewise, sulfoxaflor (4.75%) surpassed flonicamid (2.75%) in season of 2021. The highest LT1s on honeybees for sulfoxaflor and flonicamid reached 27.45 and 10.94 days, respectively. International Organization for Biological Control classified both insecticides to be harmless on honeybees. Survival foraging bees exposed to LD50s of the tested insecticides had malformed digestive tracts gradually vanished along week of exposure. Suggestions for foliar spray stoppages prior to flowering period were mentioned for both insecticides.
{"title":"Residual toxicity of selected insecticides on Aphis gossypii and their safety limits on honeybees","authors":"Wael M. Khamis, K. Abdel-Hameed, A. El-Sabrout","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Evaluation studies were carried out to simulate realistic field exposures of sulfoxaflor and flonicamid against Aphis gossypii at foraging time of Apis mellifera. Semi-field trials of field rates of sulfoxaflor and flonicamid against A. gossypii laboratory strain at 48 h of exposure had equipollent overall mean of mortality of 62.50 and 63.50%, respectively in season of 2020, likewise 60.50 and 62.50%, respectively in season of 2021. Lethal time values (LT1) had ranges of 51.33–32.46 days for sulfoxaflor and 49.00–39.55 days for flonicamid. Laboratory trials on foraging honeybees (∼21 days old) at 5 h of exposure showed an excellence for sulfoxaflor (5.00%) in overall mean of mortality compared to flonicamid (2.75%) in season of 2020. Likewise, sulfoxaflor (4.75%) surpassed flonicamid (2.75%) in season of 2021. The highest LT1s on honeybees for sulfoxaflor and flonicamid reached 27.45 and 10.94 days, respectively. International Organization for Biological Control classified both insecticides to be harmless on honeybees. Survival foraging bees exposed to LD50s of the tested insecticides had malformed digestive tracts gradually vanished along week of exposure. Suggestions for foliar spray stoppages prior to flowering period were mentioned for both insecticides.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44537526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830), the first representative of the Nearctic planthopper family Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea), introduced to Europe, is reported for the first time from multiple locations in Hungary. Diagnosis, detailed illustration of male genitalia and notes on ecology are provided along with the distributional records.
{"title":"Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830): A new alien planthopper species established in Hungary (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Acanaloniidae)","authors":"P. Kóbor, E. Kondorosy, C. Nagy, A. Orosz","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830), the first representative of the Nearctic planthopper family Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea), introduced to Europe, is reported for the first time from multiple locations in Hungary. Diagnosis, detailed illustration of male genitalia and notes on ecology are provided along with the distributional records.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44440919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Till now, no published study is available on the variation in pathogenicity of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens in relation to their isolation origin in barley head. To end this, two barley cultivars of contrasting quantitative resistance were artificially infected by four FHB species under field conditions over two consecutive growing seasons. Then, pathogenicity tests were conducted under in vitro conditions on single-spore cultures originated from both kernels and glumes in the heads. Different pathogenicity was detected among Fusarium species originated from both kernels and glumes, indicating that the same isolate from glumes and kernels differs in pathogenicity on leaves/seedlings. Isolates of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium verticillioides originated from infected kernels had shorter latent periods and higher area under disease progress curves compared to isolates originated from glumes, and the reverse was observed for the Fusarium equiseti isolate. In the case of Fusarium solani, isolates originated from kernels or from glumes were equally pathogenic. Primarily findings in this first in-depth study have implications for breeding programs relied principally on actual quantification of pathogenicity in Fusarium species present in a given environment. The sampling of fungi should take into account the presence of Fusarium species of interest on kernels or glumes.
{"title":"In vitro variation in pathogenicity of Fusarium species causing head blight in relation to their isolation from barley head","authors":"N. Sakr","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Till now, no published study is available on the variation in pathogenicity of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens in relation to their isolation origin in barley head. To end this, two barley cultivars of contrasting quantitative resistance were artificially infected by four FHB species under field conditions over two consecutive growing seasons. Then, pathogenicity tests were conducted under in vitro conditions on single-spore cultures originated from both kernels and glumes in the heads. Different pathogenicity was detected among Fusarium species originated from both kernels and glumes, indicating that the same isolate from glumes and kernels differs in pathogenicity on leaves/seedlings. Isolates of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium verticillioides originated from infected kernels had shorter latent periods and higher area under disease progress curves compared to isolates originated from glumes, and the reverse was observed for the Fusarium equiseti isolate. In the case of Fusarium solani, isolates originated from kernels or from glumes were equally pathogenic. Primarily findings in this first in-depth study have implications for breeding programs relied principally on actual quantification of pathogenicity in Fusarium species present in a given environment. The sampling of fungi should take into account the presence of Fusarium species of interest on kernels or glumes.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46710736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Kárpáti, C. Bognár, E. Voigt, M. Tóth, B. Molnár
Three sawfly species (Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa flava, Hoplocampa fulviicornis) have been monitored in plum orchards during the flowering period in three consecutive years at three different locations in Hungary using chromotropic white sticky traps. Black and yellow sawflies (H. minuta and H. flava) are one of the most important pests in plum orchards, however plum-fruit sawfly (Hoplocampa fulvicornis) has not yet been documented from plum orchards in Hungary. In almost all locations and years, H. minuta was the most dominant species, except in Cegléd, 2014, where H. flava was the most abundant one. In terms of sex ratio, in all three species, more males than females were caught in the traps except in 2016 at Érd, where more H. flava females flew into the traps.
{"title":"Monitoring of three Hoplocampa sawfly species in plum orchards","authors":"Z. Kárpáti, C. Bognár, E. Voigt, M. Tóth, B. Molnár","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Three sawfly species (Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa flava, Hoplocampa fulviicornis) have been monitored in plum orchards during the flowering period in three consecutive years at three different locations in Hungary using chromotropic white sticky traps. Black and yellow sawflies (H. minuta and H. flava) are one of the most important pests in plum orchards, however plum-fruit sawfly (Hoplocampa fulvicornis) has not yet been documented from plum orchards in Hungary. In almost all locations and years, H. minuta was the most dominant species, except in Cegléd, 2014, where H. flava was the most abundant one. In terms of sex ratio, in all three species, more males than females were caught in the traps except in 2016 at Érd, where more H. flava females flew into the traps.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi and Rhizobium leguminosarum were studied on growth and biochemical parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in three soil types. Plants grown in 20% fly ash attained higher plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid followed by loam soil and 20% sand. Inoculation of R. leguminosarum resulted in increased plant growth, nodulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid over control. Root nodulation and proline contents were high in plants grown in 20% sand and least in 20% fly ash. Inoculation of M. incognita prior to P. syringae pv. pisi resulted in a greater reduction in plant growth, nodulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and least where P. syringae pv. pisi was inoculated prior to M. incognita. Inoculation of pathogens increased proline contents. Galling and population of M. incognita was high in 20% sand followed by loam soil and fly ash amended soil. P. syringae pv. pisi and R. leguminosarum had adverse effect on galling and nematode population. The principal component analysis identifies interaction of pathogens and showed segregation of various treatments in the plots.
{"title":"Effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi and Rhizobium leguminosarum inoculated alone, simultaneously, and sequentially, on the growth and biochemical parameters of pea (Pisum sativum) in three soil types","authors":"Deeksha Kashyap, Z. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi and Rhizobium leguminosarum were studied on growth and biochemical parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in three soil types. Plants grown in 20% fly ash attained higher plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid followed by loam soil and 20% sand. Inoculation of R. leguminosarum resulted in increased plant growth, nodulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid over control. Root nodulation and proline contents were high in plants grown in 20% sand and least in 20% fly ash. Inoculation of M. incognita prior to P. syringae pv. pisi resulted in a greater reduction in plant growth, nodulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and least where P. syringae pv. pisi was inoculated prior to M. incognita. Inoculation of pathogens increased proline contents. Galling and population of M. incognita was high in 20% sand followed by loam soil and fly ash amended soil. P. syringae pv. pisi and R. leguminosarum had adverse effect on galling and nematode population. The principal component analysis identifies interaction of pathogens and showed segregation of various treatments in the plots.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43621963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873) is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in the world. Since the chemical pesticides play a key role in managing of potato tuber moth (PTM), the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Proteus®, Takumi®, Avaunt®, Dorsban®, Decis®, Consult® and Vertimec® against neonate larval penetration and one-day-old eggs of P. operculella. But adverse effects of chemical insecticides, actuated researchers to seek secure tools such as medicinal plants and biopesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1715 for pest managements. Hence, we also examined toxicity of savory, ziziphora and cumin methanolic extracts against the pest under laboratory conditions. We also surveyed the synergistic/antagonistic interactions between the most effective insecticide and methanolic extract with Bt against PTM. Our results showed that both Vertimec® and savory synergized the performance of Bt against neonate larval penetration of P. operculella. Probit analysis of insecticides and methanolic extracts demonstrated that Vertimec® and Takumi® had high toxicities to the neonate larval penetration of PTM which exhibited LC50 values equivalent to 7.09 ppm and 0.008 g L−1, respectively. Savory was the most effective extract against larval penetration and hatching rate of the pest (LC50 = 440.36 and 635.93 ppm, respectively). Oviposition preference demonstrated that Vertimec® and Decis® exhibited inhibitory ovipositional effects against P. operculella.
紫薯（Zeller，1873）是世界上最具破坏性的马铃薯害虫之一。由于化学农药在马铃薯块茎蛾（PTM）的管理中起着关键作用，本研究旨在评估Proteus®、Takumi®、Avaunt®、Dorsban®、Decis®、Consult®和Vertimec®对小蠊幼虫的渗透和一日龄卵的功效。但化学杀虫剂的副作用促使研究人员寻找安全的工具，如药用植物和生物杀虫剂，如苏云金芽孢杆菌1715，用于害虫管理。因此，我们还在实验室条件下检测了香喷喷、ziziphora和孜然甲醇提取物对害虫的毒性。我们还调查了最有效的杀虫剂和甲醇提取物与Bt对PTM的协同/拮抗作用。我们的研究结果表明，Vertimec®和salvy都协同增效了Bt对小蠊新生幼虫渗透的性能。杀虫剂和甲醇提取物的Probit分析表明，Vertimec®和Takumi®对PTM的新生儿幼虫渗透具有高毒性，其LC50值相当于7.09 ppm和0.008 g L−1。Savory提取物对害虫的幼虫穿透率和孵化率最为有效（LC50分别为440.36和635.93 ppm）。产卵偏好表明，Vertimec®和Decis®对小蠊具有抑制产卵作用。
{"title":"Efficacy of some chemical insecticides and plant extracts combined with Bacillus thuringiensis against Phthorimaea operculella","authors":"F. Khorrami, A. Soleymanzade","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873) is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in the world. Since the chemical pesticides play a key role in managing of potato tuber moth (PTM), the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Proteus®, Takumi®, Avaunt®, Dorsban®, Decis®, Consult® and Vertimec® against neonate larval penetration and one-day-old eggs of P. operculella. But adverse effects of chemical insecticides, actuated researchers to seek secure tools such as medicinal plants and biopesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1715 for pest managements. Hence, we also examined toxicity of savory, ziziphora and cumin methanolic extracts against the pest under laboratory conditions. We also surveyed the synergistic/antagonistic interactions between the most effective insecticide and methanolic extract with Bt against PTM. Our results showed that both Vertimec® and savory synergized the performance of Bt against neonate larval penetration of P. operculella. Probit analysis of insecticides and methanolic extracts demonstrated that Vertimec® and Takumi® had high toxicities to the neonate larval penetration of PTM which exhibited LC50 values equivalent to 7.09 ppm and 0.008 g L−1, respectively. Savory was the most effective extract against larval penetration and hatching rate of the pest (LC50 = 440.36 and 635.93 ppm, respectively). Oviposition preference demonstrated that Vertimec® and Decis® exhibited inhibitory ovipositional effects against P. operculella.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bionomics and distribution of Scythris sinensis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875) were studied in Hungary from 2004 to 2018. The host plant was found to be Chenopodium album L. The larva feeds on the leaves in a loose web. The length of the larval stage varies from 12 to 15 days, that of the pupal stage from 7 to 10 days of the summer generation. The species is generally bivoltine in Hungary, but in the southern, warmer areas a third partial generation may occur. Adults of the second and third generations have characteristic yellow patches on the forewing. The species overwinters as pupa in a white cocoon near the host plant. The immature stages and the adult are illustrated and a map of the Hungarian records is given with two Figures.
2004 - 2018年在匈牙利对Scythris sinensis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875)的生物学和分布进行了研究。寄主植物为藜属植物(Chenopodium album L.)，幼虫以松散网状的叶片为食。夏代幼虫期为12 ~ 15天，蛹期为7 ~ 10天。该物种在匈牙利通常是双伏伏的，但在南部，温暖的地区可能会出现第三代。第二代和第三代成虫的前翅上有典型的黄色斑块。该物种以蛹的形式在寄主植物附近的白色茧中越冬。未成熟的阶段和成年的插图和匈牙利记录的地图给出了两个图。
{"title":"The preimaginal stages and bionomics of Scythris sinensis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875) (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae), a Borer in Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae)","authors":"A. Takács, C. Szabóky, B. Tóth","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00003","url":null,"abstract":"The bionomics and distribution of Scythris sinensis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875) were studied in Hungary from 2004 to 2018. The host plant was found to be Chenopodium album L. The larva feeds on the leaves in a loose web. The length of the larval stage varies from 12 to 15 days, that of the pupal stage from 7 to 10 days of the summer generation. The species is generally bivoltine in Hungary, but in the southern, warmer areas a third partial generation may occur. Adults of the second and third generations have characteristic yellow patches on the forewing. The species overwinters as pupa in a white cocoon near the host plant. The immature stages and the adult are illustrated and a map of the Hungarian records is given with two Figures.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45638418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An annotated checklist of 211 species belonging to 13 families of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccoidea) of Egypt including their common names, host plants and additional remarks is provided based on literature records and collections made by the senior author in Egypt. Four species are new to the fauna of Egypt, namely Adiscodiaspis ericicola (Marchal), Dynaspidiotus ephedrarum (Lindinger), Rhizaspidiotus adiscus Gómez-Menor Ortega (Diaspididae), and Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell) (Dactylopiidae). An illustrated key to the families of scale insects of Egypt is provided.
根据埃及资深作者的文献记录和收藏，提供了一份埃及介壳虫13科211种的注释清单，包括它们的共同名称、寄主植物和附加注释。埃及动物群中有四个新物种，即Adiscodiaspis ericicola（Marchal）、Dynaspidiots ephedarum（Lindinger）、Rhizaspidiotus adiscus Gómez Menor Ortega（Diaspididae）和Dactylopius confusius（Cockerell）（Dactylobidae）。提供了埃及介壳虫科的图解钥匙。
{"title":"An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Egypt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha: Coccoidea)","authors":"Shaaban Abd-Rabou, G. Evans","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00002","url":null,"abstract":"An annotated checklist of 211 species belonging to 13 families of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccoidea) of Egypt including their common names, host plants and additional remarks is provided based on literature records and collections made by the senior author in Egypt. Four species are new to the fauna of Egypt, namely Adiscodiaspis ericicola (Marchal), Dynaspidiotus ephedrarum (Lindinger), Rhizaspidiotus adiscus Gómez-Menor Ortega (Diaspididae), and Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell) (Dactylopiidae). An illustrated key to the families of scale insects of Egypt is provided.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the framework of a survey of arthropods in rest stops of Hungarian highways, 19 species of jumping plant lice were collected. Three species belong to the family Aphalaridae, one to Calophyidae, two to Liviidae, nine to Psyllidae and four to Triozidae. Two species (Livilla variegata and Trioza neglecta) are alien, non-indigenous species; the others are native to Hungary. The most abundant species were Calophya rhois, Cacopsylla melanoneura and Trioza neglecta. The specimens of C. melanoneura were found in 20, T. neglecta in 10 and C. rhois in 6 localities out of the 31 rest stops surveyed.
{"title":"Jumping plant lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) in rest stops of Hungarian highways","authors":"J. Kontschán, G. Ripka, B. Kiss","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00004","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of a survey of arthropods in rest stops of Hungarian highways, 19 species of jumping plant lice were collected. Three species belong to the family Aphalaridae, one to Calophyidae, two to Liviidae, nine to Psyllidae and four to Triozidae. Two species (Livilla variegata and Trioza neglecta) are alien, non-indigenous species; the others are native to Hungary. The most abundant species were Calophya rhois, Cacopsylla melanoneura and Trioza neglecta. The specimens of C. melanoneura were found in 20, T. neglecta in 10 and C. rhois in 6 localities out of the 31 rest stops surveyed.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48244234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is consistently one of the most important barley diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of 16 isolates of four Fusarium species under controlled conditions and their genetic variability using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Pathogenic variation was characterized based on disease development rates and disease index on two Syrian barley landraces with varying resistance to FHB, Arabi Aswad (AS) and Arabi Abiad (AB). Significant differences in intra- and inter-Fusarium species pathogenicity and in susceptibility between the above-mentioned cultivars were highlighted. Overall, the two barley landraces showed moderately susceptible to moderately resistance levels to fungal infection and FHB spread within the head. Quantitative traits showed significant correlation with previous data generated in vitro and under field conditions, suggesting that growth chamber indices can predict fungal pathogenicity and quantitative disease resistance generated under various experimental conditions. Based on PCR amplification with seven different primers, the isolates showed genetic variation. Dendrogram generated by cluster analysis based on RAPD markers data showed two main groups, suggesting that a possible clonal origin could exist in the four Fusarium species. RAPD fingerprints are not useful to distinguish the 16 Fusarium isolates with different levels of pathogenicity.
小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)一直是世界上最重要的大麦病害之一。利用22个随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)标记，对4种镰刀菌的16个分离株在控制条件下的致病性及其遗传变异进行了研究。根据两种叙利亚大麦地方品种Arabi Aswad (AS)和Arabi Abiad (AB)对赤霉病的不同抗性的疾病发展速率和疾病指数来表征致病变异。镰刀菌种内和种间的致病性和敏感性在上述品种间存在显著差异。总的来说，这两个大麦地方品种对真菌感染和FHB在头部传播表现出中等敏感和中等抵抗水平。数量性状与之前体外和田间条件下的数据具有显著的相关性，表明生长室指数可以预测不同实验条件下真菌的致病性和数量抗病性。7种不同引物的PCR扩增结果表明，分离物存在遗传变异。基于RAPD标记的聚类分析结果显示，4个镰刀菌属可能存在克隆起源。RAPD指纹图谱对16株致病性不同的镰刀菌分离株并无明显的区分作用。
{"title":"Pathogenic and molecular variation of Fusarium species causing head blight on barley landraces","authors":"N. Sakr, A. Shoaib","doi":"10.1556/038.2021.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/038.2021.00006","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB) is consistently one of the most important barley diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of 16 isolates of four Fusarium species under controlled conditions and their genetic variability using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Pathogenic variation was characterized based on disease development rates and disease index on two Syrian barley landraces with varying resistance to FHB, Arabi Aswad (AS) and Arabi Abiad (AB). Significant differences in intra- and inter-Fusarium species pathogenicity and in susceptibility between the above-mentioned cultivars were highlighted. Overall, the two barley landraces showed moderately susceptible to moderately resistance levels to fungal infection and FHB spread within the head. Quantitative traits showed significant correlation with previous data generated in vitro and under field conditions, suggesting that growth chamber indices can predict fungal pathogenicity and quantitative disease resistance generated under various experimental conditions. Based on PCR amplification with seven different primers, the isolates showed genetic variation. Dendrogram generated by cluster analysis based on RAPD markers data showed two main groups, suggesting that a possible clonal origin could exist in the four Fusarium species. RAPD fingerprints are not useful to distinguish the 16 Fusarium isolates with different levels of pathogenicity.","PeriodicalId":7136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45685765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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