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Development and validation of the analytical methods for determination of bromhexine hydrochloride and related impurities in novel orodispersible tablets 新型口腔分散片中盐酸溴己辛及相关杂质含量测定方法的建立与验证
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/152632
M. Strozik, M. Strzebońska, Katarzyna Skiba, Wiktor Tatara
Bromhexine hydrochloride (BRX) is widely applied as an active pharmaceutical ingredient of oral solutions and tablets for the treatment of the infections of the respiratory tract. However, fulfillment of the present regulations, required for the registration process of BRX, might constitute a challenge, due to the occurrence of (3RS)-6,8-dibromo-3-cyclohexyl-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-3-ium, specified as impurity E by European Pharmacopeia. To overcome this issue, a novel BRX orodispersible tablets (ODT) with improved chemical stability were developed that contain low level of impurity E. Herein the analytical methods, elaborated for the determination of BRX and the related impurities in this product are presented. Stability of the product was tested at accelerated (ACC), intermediate (INT) and long-term (LT) conditions for ICH zones II and III. The degradant E was the most common impurity detected. In the samples stored in INT and LT conditions only a slight increase in the impurities and a slight drop in the assay of the BRX was observed, however the results did not exceed the pre-established acceptance criteria. In the samples stored at ACC conditions, an increase of the known impurities, including degradant E, degradant B and N-oxide, was noted. Noteworthily, even after three years of the product’s shelf-life, the level of the degradant E is still below 0.2 % which corresponds to the ICH identification threshold for the BRX related impurities.
盐酸溴己辛(BRX)作为一种有效药物成分被广泛应用于治疗呼吸道感染的口服溶液和片剂中。然而,由于(3RS)-6,8-二溴-3-环己基-3-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹唑啉-3-ium(被欧洲药典指定为杂质E)的存在,BRX注册过程所要求的现行法规的履行可能构成挑战。为了克服这一问题,开发了一种新型的BRX或分散片(ODT),其化学稳定性得到了改善,含有低水平的杂质e。本文详细阐述了BRX的分析方法和该产品中相关杂质的测定。在ICH II区和III区加速(ACC)、中间(INT)和长期(LT)条件下测试了产品的稳定性。降解物E是检测到的最常见杂质。在INT和LT条件下储存的样品中,仅观察到杂质略有增加,BRX含量略有下降,但结果并未超过预先建立的接受标准。在ACC条件下储存的样品中,已知杂质增加,包括降解剂E,降解剂B和n -氧化物。值得注意的是,即使在产品的保质期三年后,降解E的水平仍然低于0.2%,这对应于BRX相关杂质的ICH识别阈值。
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引用次数: 1
An insight of FDA-approved drugs for the management of aging related disorder a in silico study fda批准的治疗衰老相关疾病的药物:一项计算机研究
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/152839
Tong-jie Yang, Quan Wan, PENG-PENG Wen
Skeletal muscle (SM) is a most complex and plastic tissues of the human body. Movement, postural support, breathing, and thermogenesis are important functions of SM. Muscle mass reduction is a common side effect of human aging. The growth factor myostatin (MSTN) appears to play a key role in aging-related muscle function decreases. Targeting MSTN might help people live longer by preventing SM alterations associated with aging. Therefore, in the present study, FDA-approved drugs (from 2015 to 2020, total 273 drugs) were screened against MSTN to find the best drugs against MSTN for the management of aging disease. In this regards, Screening, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation was used. Based on structure-based virtual screening and free energy of bind, we select the top five drugs as mentioned in this article. Two drugs were analyzed in-depth namely, Sonidegib and Revefenacin showing free energy of binding -10.95 and -12.03 kcal/mol respectively with MSTN. Further, these complex was forwarded for molecular dynamics simulation to check the structural stability during 100ns, which was found to be more stable. As a concluding remark, Sonidegib and Revefenacin can be considered for further designing of new drugs against MSTN for the treatment aging related disorders.
骨骼肌是人体最复杂、可塑性最强的组织。运动、姿势支持、呼吸和产热是SM的重要功能。肌肉质量减少是人类衰老的常见副作用。生长因子肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)似乎在衰老相关的肌肉功能下降中起着关键作用。靶向MSTN可能通过防止与衰老相关的SM改变来帮助人们长寿。因此,在本研究中,美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物(从2015年到2020年,共273种药物)针对MSTN进行了筛选,以寻找治疗衰老疾病的最佳药物。在这方面,使用了筛选、对接和分子动力学模拟。基于基于结构的虚拟筛选和结合的自由能,我们选择了本文中提到的前五种药物。深入分析了两种药物,即Sonidegib和Revefenacin与MSTN的结合自由能分别为-10.95和-12.03kcal/mol。此外,将这些复合物用于分子动力学模拟,以检查100ns期间的结构稳定性,发现其更稳定。最后,Sonidegib和Revefenacin可以考虑进一步设计抗MSTN的新药,用于治疗衰老相关疾病。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of carvacrol on tramadol-induced oxidative renal injury in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation 香芹酚对曲马多诱导的大鼠氧化性肾损伤的影响:生化和组织病理学评价
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/154638
A. Koç, U. Kuyrukluyıldız, Ali Caner Sayar, Mustafa Gazi, B. Süleyman, R. Mammadov, Nergis Akbaş, R. Arslan, H. Suleyman, Bulent Yavuzer
Long-term treatment with tramadol is reported to be toxic to the kidneys. Research shows that tramadol reduces antioxidants and increases oxidants produced in renal tissue. This study aims to investigate the carvacrol effect on tramadol-induced renal injury in rats. The animals were divided into four groups: healthy (HG), individual tramadol (TR), individual carvacrol (CR), and tramadol + carvacrol (TC). Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured. Renal tissue was examined histopathologically. MDA, TOS, BUN, and Cr were significantly elevated in group TR and identified as low in group TC compared to group TR but higher than in the HG group. The tGSH, SOD, GPO, and TAS levels were low in group TR and higher in group TC than in group TR but lower than in the HG group. Histological examination of the TR group revealed diffuse necrosis and focal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in the tubules. In the TC group, tubular atrophy and necrosis were minimal, and PMNL was rare. We observed that tramadol increases oxidants, decreases antioxidants, increases BUN and Cr, and examined whether the toxic effect on renal tissue regressed with carvacrol.
据报道,长期使用曲马多治疗对肾脏有毒性。研究表明曲马多减少抗氧化剂并增加肾组织中产生的氧化剂。本研究旨在探讨香芹罗对曲马多致大鼠肾损伤的影响。将动物分为健康组(HG)、曲马多单用组(TR)、卡瓦克罗单用组(CR)和曲马多+卡瓦克罗(TC) 4组。测定丙二醛(MDA)、总谷胱甘肽(tGSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总氧化状态(TOS)、总抗氧化状态(TAS)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)。肾组织病理检查。MDA、TOS、BUN、Cr在TR组显著升高,TC组较TR组低,但高于HG组。tGSH、SOD、GPO、TAS水平TR组较低,TC组高于TR组,但低于HG组。TR组组织学检查显示小管弥漫性坏死和局灶性多形核白细胞(PMNLs)。TC组小管萎缩和坏死极少,PMNL少见。我们观察到曲马多增加了氧化剂,降低了抗氧化剂,增加了BUN和Cr,并检查了对肾组织的毒性作用是否与香芹酚一起消退。
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引用次数: 0
Permissibility of the off-label use of a medicinal product in the context of a doctor’s liability – an attempt at clarification of the issue under the Polish law 在医生责任的背景下允许在标签外使用药品——试图根据波兰法律澄清这一问题
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/153591
Krzysztof Kozłowski, W. Wierzba, B. Machaliński
Practising the profession of a doctor involves high social recognition but also entails responsibility for the health and life of a patient. In this context, pharmacological treatment applied in compliance with the formal registration of a medicinal product does not raise any serious concerns. However, it is not always possible to administer a medicine in a way that corresponds to its official characteristics. Clinical practice shows that it is often necessary to administer a medicine outside the requirements specified in the summary of product characteristics. In such cases, a legal, ethical and typically medical problem arises. The aim of the study is to analyse the entire legal environment of the doctors’ use of medicines outside the summary of product characteristics. The discussion leads to the conclusion that medical personnel are fully authorised to administer a medicinal product outside its official characteristics. However, this may only take place if such a decision is based on current knowledge, the doctor’s individual experience and acting in the best interest of the patient, as well as proper diagnosis of his/her current therapeutic needs. The legal regulations in force in Poland are sufficient in that sphere to ensure the well-being of the patient and protect the interests of the doctor, although – it should be admitted – their wording is not unambiguous enough to prevent more or less serious doubts as to their interpretation. Hence the proposal for legal clarification of the situation related to the administration of a medicine off-label.
从事医生职业需要高度的社会认可,但也需要对患者的健康和生命负责。在这种情况下,按照药品的正式注册进行药物治疗不会引起任何严重关切。然而,并不总是能够以符合其官方特征的方式给药。临床实践表明,通常有必要在产品特性摘要中规定的要求之外给药。在这种情况下,会出现法律、伦理和典型的医疗问题。本研究的目的是分析医生在总结产品特征之外使用药物的整个法律环境。讨论得出的结论是,医务人员完全有权管理其官方特征之外的药品。然而,只有在这样的决定是基于当前知识、医生的个人经验和以患者的最大利益为出发点,以及对他/她当前治疗需求的正确诊断的情况下,才能做出这种决定。波兰现行的法律法规在这方面足以确保患者的健康并保护医生的利益,尽管——应该承认——它们的措辞不够明确,不足以防止对其解释产生或多或少的严重怀疑。因此,建议从法律上澄清与标签外药品管理有关的情况。
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引用次数: 0
TLC-densitometric identification of valproic acid 薄层色谱-密度法鉴别丙戊酸
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/152702
Wioletta Parys, A. Pyka
Valproic acid and its derivatives are drugs that have been used in many neurogenic diseases, but are mainly used in epileptic seizures. Due to the fact that valproic acid doesn’t have conjugated double bonds, it isn’t visible under UV light and its detection is difficult. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the suitability of individual visualizing reagents in the chemical qualitative and quantitative detection of valproic acid using the TLC technique. Solutions of various visualizing reagents were prepared, and then the reagents were applied on the previously prepared chromatographic plates with valproic acid by means of an immersion and spraying method in order to detect it. It was shown that all the visualizing reagents used, with the exception of helasol green, bromothymol blue, malachite green, bromocresol green in 2% sodium hydroxide solution and sulphate (VI) solutions of iron (II), nickel and cobalt, allowed for the qualitative detection of valproic acid. It is recommended to use a 1% solution of copper (II) sulphate (VI) for the detection of valproic acid for both qualitative and quantitative purposes, due to the largest areas of the chromatographic bands on most of the chromatographic plates used in the study. There is a potential possibility of examining the identity of valproic acid present in drugs on the basis of the RF value, the characteristic colour of the spot, and a comparative analysis of spectrodensitograms.
丙戊酸及其衍生物是用于许多神经源性疾病的药物,但主要用于癫痫发作。由于丙戊酸没有共轭双键,在紫外光下不可见,检测难度较大。因此,本研究的目的是评估单个可视化试剂在薄层色谱技术中丙戊酸化学定性和定量检测中的适用性。制备各种显像试剂的溶液,用浸喷法将试剂涂在预先制备的丙戊酸色谱板上进行检测。结果表明,在2%的氢氧化钠溶液和铁(II)、镍、钴的硫酸盐(VI)溶液中,除helasol绿、溴百里酚蓝、孔雀石绿、溴甲酚绿外,所有的可视化试剂均可用于丙戊酸的定性检测。由于本研究中使用的大多数色谱板上的色谱带面积最大,因此建议使用1%的硫酸铜(II)溶液进行丙戊酸的定性和定量检测。根据RF值、斑点的特征颜色和光谱密度图的比较分析,有可能检查药物中存在的丙戊酸的身份。
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引用次数: 0
Platelet-rich plasma counteracts interleukin-1 induced inhibition of collagen biosynthesis through recovery of impaired β1-integrin signaling and prolidase activity in human skin fibroblasts. 富含血小板的血浆通过恢复人皮肤成纤维细胞中受损的β1-整合素信号传导和脯氨酸酶活性,对抗白细胞介素-1诱导的胶原生物合成抑制。
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/154045
T. Guszczyn, Magda Chalecka, Adam Kazberuk, Ilona Ościłowska, J. Pałka, A. Surazynski
Although inflammation is the first step in wound healing, it contributes to down-regulation of collagen biosynthesis delaying the process of tissue regeneration. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) – dependent inhibition of collagen synthesis, prolidase activity, and β1-integrin signaling in cultured human skin fibroblasts. PRP was obtain using the SmartPReP®2 Autologous Platelet Concentrate+ System. Collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity were measured in confluent human skin fibroblast cultures with IL-1β, PRP, hyaluronic acid (HA), and mixtures of IL-1β with PRP or HA. Immunofluorescence bioimaging analysis was employed to evaluate expression of β1 integrin receptor, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein. Incubation of fibroblasts with 2% PRP for 24 h contributed to about 500% increase in collagen biosynthesis and a significant increase in the expression of β1-integrin receptor and prolidase activity, compared to the control cells. In the cells treated with IL-1β, collagen biosynthesis, β1-integrin receptor expression, and prolidase activity were decreased while COX-2 and NF-κB expressions were significantly increased. All these processes were recovered to control values by PRP or HA; however, PRP was found to act more effectively than HA. It was found that PRP counteracted IL-1β -dependent inhibition of collagen synthesis through recovery of β1-integrin receptor expression and prolidase activity and down-regulation of COX-2 and NF-κB expressions in cultured fibroblasts. The data suggest that PRP evoke anti-inflammatory activity that is desirable in tissue regeneration.
虽然炎症是伤口愈合的第一步,但它有助于下调胶原蛋白的生物合成,延缓组织再生的过程。本研究旨在评估富血小板血浆(PRP)对培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞中白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)依赖性胶原合成、脯氨酸酶活性和β1整合素信号传导的抑制作用。使用SmartPReP®2自体血小板浓缩+系统获得PRP。用IL-1β、PRP、透明质酸(HA)和IL-1β与PRP或HA的混合物混合培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞,测定胶原蛋白的生物合成和蛋白酶活性。采用免疫荧光生物成像技术评价β1整合素受体、环氧化酶-2 (COX-2)和核因子-κB (NF-κB)蛋白的表达。与对照细胞相比,用2% PRP孵育成纤维细胞24小时,胶原生物合成增加了约500%,β1-整合素受体的表达和脯氨酸酶活性显著增加。IL-1β处理后,胶原生物合成、β1-整合素受体表达和脯氨酸酶活性降低,COX-2和NF-κB表达显著升高。通过PRP或HA将这些过程恢复到控制值;然而,PRP被发现比HA更有效。结果发现,PRP通过恢复培养成纤维细胞中β1整合素受体的表达和脯氨酸酶活性,下调COX-2和NF-κB的表达,抵消了IL-1β依赖性的胶原合成抑制。数据表明,PRP唤起抗炎活性,这是组织再生所需要的。
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引用次数: 0
Release of salicylic acid from new multiphase bases with consideration of the preparation method 新型多相碱对水杨酸的释放及制备方法的考虑
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/154891
L. Bułaś, Beata Szulc - Musioł, Wioletta Siemiradzka, Małgorzata Służalec, B. Dolińska
Abstract: The study evaluated the release of salicylic acid with new two multiphase ointment bases: Fitalite™ and Nourivan™ Antiox. Fitalite™ is a cream-gel base while Nourivan™ Antiox is a cream oil in water. Salicylic acid is a substance often used in the formulation of semi-solid dosage forms applied on the skin. The release rate of salicylic acid was examined depending on the base and the particle size of the active ingredient. For this purpose, formulations containing 5% salicylic acid were prepared and used for the study. Three different methods were used for the incorporation of salicylic acid into the bases: non-grinded, ground with the base for 15 minutes, and concentrate of salicylic acid with white soft paraffin (1:1). Measurements of the particles of the active substance in each of the preparations were also taken. Salicylic acid has been shown to be released to a greater extent from Fitalite ™ base. Qualitative analysis of the composition of the bases, in studies conducted by the Department staff, allows concluding that the amount and release rate of salicylic acid from the bases is influenced by its viscosity. This parameter has a significant impact on the level of trituration of salicylic acid. It was also found that the concentrate of salicylic acid with white soft paraffin (1:1) reduces the time of preparation of a suspension type ointment with salicylic acid, wherein the particle size accomplishes the requirements of pharmacopeia.
摘要:本研究评价了两种新型多相软膏基质Fitalite对水杨酸的释放度™ 和努里万™ 安条克斯。Fitalite™ 是奶油凝胶基底,而Nourivan™ Antiox是一种奶油油。水杨酸是一种经常用于皮肤上半固体剂型配方的物质。水杨酸的释放速率取决于活性成分的碱和颗粒大小。为此,制备了含有5%水杨酸的制剂并用于研究。将水杨酸掺入基质中有三种不同的方法:未研磨,用基质研磨15分钟,用白色软石蜡浓缩水杨酸(1:1)。还测量了每种制剂中活性物质的颗粒。水杨酸已被证明在更大程度上从Fitalite中释放™ 基础在该部门工作人员进行的研究中,对碱的成分进行定性分析,可以得出结论,水杨酸从碱中的含量和释放率受其粘度的影响。该参数对水杨酸的研制水平有显著影响。还发现水杨酸与白色软石蜡的浓缩物(1:1)减少了用水杨酸制备悬浮型软膏的时间,其中颗粒大小满足药典的要求。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and antidepressant-like activities of some piperidine derivatives: involvements of monoaminergic and opiodergic systems 一些哌啶衍生物的合成和抗抑郁活性:单胺和阿片能系统的参与
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/152631
Ceren Kaya, Nazlı Turan Yücel, Ümmühan Kandemir, Derya Osmaniye, Ö. Can, Ümide Demir Özkay
It was aimed to synthesize some novel piperidine derivatives and investigate their antidepressant-like activities, in this study. Targeted compounds were obtained by reacting 1-(4-(substitutedpiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)ethan-1-one and heterocyclic aldehydes in methanol. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using data from various spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LCMSMS). The compounds (50 mg/kg) were tested for their antidepressant-like effects by tail suspension and modified forced swimming tests (MFST). In addition, possible alterations in locomotor activities of mice were evaluated by activity cage measurements. Obtained results showed that compounds 2c-2f reduced the immobility time of mice in both of the antidepressant activity-screening tests indicating that these derivatives have antidepressant-like effects. Moreover, in MFST, compounds 2c and 2e significantly increased the swimming times, while compounds 2d and 2f significantly prolonged the climbing durations. Antidepressant-like effects of the compounds 2c and 2e was reversed with p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (serotonin depleting agent) pre-treatments while the same effect caused by the compounds 2d and 2f was abolished by pretreatment with α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester (catecholamine depleting agent) pre-administrations. Moreover, pre-treatment with naloxone reversed the antidepressant-like effects of these four derivatives. Obtained results indicated that monoaminergic and opioidergic systems mediated the antidepressant-like effects of our novel piperidine derivatives.
本研究旨在合成一些新的哌啶类衍生物并研究其抗抑郁活性。目的化合物是由1-(4-(取代胡椒碱-1-基)苯基)乙二酮和杂环醛在甲醇中反应得到的。利用各种光谱方法(IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR和LCMSMS)确定了合成化合物的结构。通过悬尾和改良强迫游泳试验(MFST)测试化合物(50 mg/kg)的抗抑郁样作用。此外,通过活动笼测量评估小鼠运动活动可能发生的变化。得到的结果表明,化合物2c-2f在两种抗抑郁活性筛选试验中都减少了小鼠的静止时间,表明这些衍生物具有抗抑郁样作用。此外,在MFST中,化合物2c和2e显著增加了游泳次数,而化合物2d和2f显著延长了攀爬时间。对氯苯丙氨酸甲酯(5 -羟色胺消耗剂)预处理可逆转化合物2c和2e的抗抑郁样作用,而α-甲基对酪氨酸甲酯(儿茶酚胺消耗剂)预处理可消除化合物2d和2f的抗抑郁样作用。此外,纳洛酮预处理逆转了这四种衍生物的抗抑郁样作用。所得结果表明,单胺和阿片能系统介导了我们的新型哌啶衍生物的抗抑郁作用。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial neural networks and their application in the optimization of carbamazepine solid dispersions 人工神经网络及其在卡马西平固体分散体优化中的应用
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/154044
Tanja B Vojinovic, Zorica Potpara, M. Vukmirović, Nemanja Turkovic, S. Ibrić
The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of using artificial neural networks in the optimization of solid dispersions with carbamazepine. Artificial neural networks of the Generalized regression neural network type with four layers, gave models that describe the effect of components in solid dispersions carbamazepine-Neusilin ® UFL2 (magnesium aluminosilicate)-Collidon ® VA64 (vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) and dissolved carbamazepine value (%) after 10 (Q10) and 30(Q30) minutes of carbamazepine testing. After the learning process, root mean square error (RMS) values of 0.0029 were obtained for the training data set, and 0.1185 for the test training data, which is an excellent prediction of the neural network.
本研究的目的是研究利用人工神经网络优化卡马西平固体分散体的可能性。采用四层广义回归神经网络类型的人工神经网络,给出了描述卡马西平- neusilin®UFL2(硅酸铝镁)-Collidon®VA64(乙烯基吡罗烷酮-醋酸乙烯酯)固体分散体中各组分在卡马西平测试10 (Q10)和30(Q30)分钟后卡马西平溶解值(%)的影响的模型。经过学习过程,训练数据集的均方根误差(RMS)为0.0029,测试训练数据的均方根误差(RMS)为0.1185,是对神经网络很好的预测。
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引用次数: 0
Exposure to non-opioid analgesics during pregnancy and the risk of adverse drug reactions 妊娠期间非阿片类镇痛药的暴露和药物不良反应的风险
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/154637
K. Karłowicz-Bodalska, Ann M. Prochera, Adrianna Rogowska, A. Muszyńska, N. Sauer, E. Kuchar, K. Głowacka, Anna Wiela- Hojeńska
Therapeutic options are limited during pregnancy due to the safety of the foetus. Non-opioid analgesics (NOA) are among the most commonly prescribed medicaments by physicians. Many of them are available over-the-counter (OTC) without prescription and in non-pharmacy sales such as hypermarkets and petrol stations. There has been a steady increase in their sales due to their high availability, the spread of self-medication and advertising. They are used for pain of various origins, inflammatory diseases, colds and flu. Monitoring the safety of therapy with these drugs is particularly important in the population of pregnant women, due to their high popularity and the different pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. The number of clinical studies on pregnant women is very limited, so it is important to raise awareness and knowledge of the adverse effects (ADR) on the developing foetus. The aim of this study was to analyse and evaluate the safety of non-opioid analgesics in a population of pregnant women based on the results of an anonymous validated survey. It will increase the awareness and enable women to make informed decisions and consider the potential risks associated with treating or not treating pain during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
由于对胎儿的安全考虑,妊娠期间的治疗选择有限。非阿片类镇痛药(NOA)是医生最常用的处方药物之一。其中许多都可以在没有处方的非处方药(OTC)上买到,也可以在大型超市和加油站等非药店销售。由于它们的高可用性、自我药疗的普及和广告,它们的销量一直在稳步增长。它们用于治疗各种原因的疼痛、炎症性疾病、感冒和流感。监测这些药物治疗的安全性在孕妇人群中尤为重要,因为它们在怀孕期间的高度普及和不同的药代动力学。关于孕妇的临床研究数量非常有限,因此提高对发育中的胎儿不良反应(ADR)的认识和认识是非常重要的。本研究的目的是分析和评估非阿片类镇痛药在孕妇群体中的安全性,基于一项匿名验证调查的结果。它将提高认识,使妇女能够作出知情决定,并考虑与治疗或不治疗妊娠和哺乳期间疼痛有关的潜在风险。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Acta poloniae pharmaceutica
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